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Rehabilitation center for women offenders

Vaidehi Vakil

APIED
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Abstract

The rehabilitation and management of women offenders in prison are topics

which continue to elicit concern, controversy and, often, disillusionment based on

the failure of previous policies and initiatives. Rehabilitation is necessary for

women prisoners, the major problems of psychological and psychiatric morbidity,

including psychiatric disorder (especially posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD),

substance abuse, personality disorders, and physical abuse and self-harm. The

basic principles and the purpose of punishment is not to torture a person but to

reform them and ultimately make them law abiding citizens. It says that, from the

beginning of a prisoner's ' sentence consideration shall be given to his future

after release and he shall be encouraged and assisted to maintain or , establish

relations with person outside the institution as may promote the belt interacts of

his family and his own social rehabilitation.

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When the prisoners are released and they have to move back to the society in

the real world, that environment is really challenging and deters them progressing and

being a law abiding citizen in the society. The statistics as per the National Crime

Records Bureau (NBRC) indicates that ratio of recidivism is increasing. The cases are

increasing in states such as Madhya Pradesh. Recidivism harms both the family as well

as the society. Due to recidivism it is difficult for them to bind with e society and gain

employments opportunities. So to improve upon this scenario it is important to reform

the environment of the prison. Scenario of women prison is very depressing and they

have to face many problems and they are affected by drugs. Also there are no proper

facilities for the children who reside with their others in prison

Problems:

Today in the present scenario the sociological study shows that the women are

necessary or the development of the nation. Women is the primary member of the

family and the process of responsibilities start from there with the nurturing of the child.

The study of incarcerated women is important as in the society incarcerated women are

neglected. This is also a prime reason for the crimes being committed by women.

Though the ratio of crime committed by women are less as compared to men. Therefore

there is a need for the study of incarcerated women due to the social system. Women

majorly commit crime due to the suffering of violence and torture. Women also commit

crime mostly when they are frustrated, tortured and are not able to achieve their goals

due to have several barriers in our Indian social system.

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Merton sees criminality caused by pressure or tension. Female criminality is also

caused by extreme level of pressure, tension and torture. The source of this tension is

aspirations to achieve certain goals, which are coupled by the barriers of the society to

achieve their ends of life. Merton used the term Anomie but for him anomie is not the

state of normlessness which resulted anti-social behavior but it is a condition

experienced by the individuals who want to achieve their goals but denied to access.

Covington (1998): Emphasis on the model of treatment of women prisoners and

found that the number of women prisoners for drug convicts, were increasing rapidly. He

identified that not every prisoners needed to be imprisoned, some prisoners might be

treated better in the community, because of that the problem of overcrowding can be

minimize. He state that women were responsive to the programs and commit less crime

in comparison to male prisoners and he explained that in prison there was no facilities

for women prisoners to overcome the addiction of drug abuse and disease. He found

the wide gap between the facilities described by the judicial system for the prison with

the actual prison system. There was lack of educational, recreational, medical facilities

for women prisoners. He also did not find any trained staff for the treatment of drug

abuse.

Problems in prison

 Concerns about the mental health in prison

 Overcrowded living condition in barracks
 Indirect surveillance
 Connection with the society
 Condition of the pregnant and lactating
mothers
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Aim

To create an environment which is socially and physically responsive. To build

humanizing spaces which can catalyze a positive life.

Objective.

Sensitizing physical environment where individuals may nurture a personal will

for self-development through their interpersonal relationships in community formations,

through associations with nature and through productive work.

Programs for Women Offenders.

Community service is an order of the court whereby the offender is offered the

opportunity of compensating society for the wrong she has done by performing work for

the benefit of the community, as an alternative to imprisonment especially to those who

are involved in petty offences. The community service order scheme provides a method

of dealing with offenders who would otherwise be sentenced to imprisonment. The order

is punitive in that it imposes restrictions on freedom, but the principal objective is that of

rehabilitation. providing the offender an opportunity to make reparation to the

community against which he has committed a crime, by working for its benefit secondly,

it is hoped that working for the community and in particular with those members who

need the assistance most such as old –aged people, handicapped etc., will have a

positive effect on the future attitudes and conduct of the offenders. The 3 ‘R’ Theory for

Rehabilitation of Prisoners Release, Renewal and Rehabilitation are the three main

ingredients that equip a prisoner to lead a normal life.

Release: It is setting free physically and emotionally, it is an ongoing process, which

includes creation of the following qualities in a prisoner.

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 Forgiveness – towards those responsible for their sad plight.

 Strong will power – to restore lost vigor.

 Self-transformation – giving up wrong ways.

Renewal: It is to restore in/her to their original vigor in body, mind and soul through:

 Mental resetting – by motivating he /she to cultivate positive attitudes towards life

using new articulations.

 Work therapy - to counteract destructive tendencies and build creativity Prayer

to experience God’s caring love.

 Living in the present –To face challenges and reality of life one should learn in

living in the present.

 Confidence in oneself – to begin life anew.

 Family concealing volunteers to stimulate forgiveness and acceptance of the

prisoners by family members.

Rehabilitation: It’s re-training the prisoners for normal life, it includes-

 Improving job skill and finding employments.

 Re-integration into one’s family and building family ties.

 Contact with local police so as not to allow suspicion to further crime,

harassment or re-booking.

 Follow-up in order to sustain the ex-convict in normal life.

Rehabilitative Schemes. Community participation in correctional activities can be

divided into two forms: (i) Community based treatment programs for the inmates (ii)

Involvement of the community with institutional correctional work, aftercare and

rehabilitation of inmates. The objectives in both these forms of public participation are
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the same i.e. to motivate and help the offender to re-habilitate himself in the society as a

law abiding citizen. The first kind of public participation, the community based

correctional programmers, have grown manifold with an emphasis on correctional

philosophy by transforming revenge and retribution to reformation and rehabilitation.•

Training in Knitting, Tailoring, Embroidery, Basket making, Dress designing,

Fabric Painting, Candle Making, Agarbatti manufacturing, bag making, bakery products

making, leaf cup making, Midwife and Home Nursing Training etc., are given by the jail

authorities in association with Non-Governmental organizations. Sewing machines have

been issued to jails under modernization of prison administration schemes. The women

prisoners are usually trained in Agarbatti making which is very easy, so that all the

prisoners get a chance to earn wages. Apart from this the women are also trained in

skilled work like tailoring, embroidery, soft toy making, imitation jewelry, candle making,

bouquet making from artificial flowers etc. Vocational training in different trades is one of

the important reformative measures to rehabilitate the prisoners for their post-prison life.

They are allowed to participate in recreational activities, Yoga classes and indoor and

outdoor sports. The Wage-earning scheme will facilitate prisoners to accumulate the

sizable amount in their account during their stay in the prisons. This will help for their

rehabilitation after their discharge from the prison.

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References
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https://shodhgangotri.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/7164/1/synopsis.pdf
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Byrne, Mitchell & Howells, Kevin. (2002). The Psychological Needs of Women Prisoners:

Implications for Rehabilitation and Management. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. 9. 34-43.

10.1375/pplt.2002.9.1.34.

The Challenges of Prisoner Re-Entry Into Society. (2016, July 12). Retrieved October 17, 2019,

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Women's Experiences of Re-offending and Rehabilitation. (2016, December 5). Retrieved

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https://www.corrections.govt.nz/resources/research_and_statistics/womens_experiences_

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