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The Cylindrical
Other Coordinate Systems Coordinate
Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System System
Spherical Coordinate System

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The Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System The Cylindrical Coordinate System

• Differential surface units:

d   dz • Differential volume unit :
 d  dz d    d  dz
d    d

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The Cylindrical Coordinate System
• Relation between the rectangular
and the cylindrical coordinate
systems
x =   cos   = x2 + y 2
y = ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z )  a z
y =   sin   = tan −1
x = Axa x  a z + Ay a y  a z + Az a z  a z
z=z z=z
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Example
• Give the cartesian coordinates of the point C(ρ = 4.4, φ= -115o, z=2)
• Give the cylindrical coordinates of the point D(x=-3.1, y=2.6, z=-3)
• Specify the distance from C to D.
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The Cylindrical Coordinate System ?
A = Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z  A = A a  + A a + Az a z
az az
A = A  a 
= ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z )  a 
a
= Axa x  a  + Ay a y  a  + Az a z  a 
ay = Ax cos  + Ay sin 
a
ax A = A  a
= ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z )  a
• Dot products of unit vectors in = Axa x  a + Aya y  a + Az a z  a
cylindrical and rectangular coordinate = − Ax sin  + Ay cos 
systems
Az = A  a z
= Az
Examples
1. Express in cylindrical components:
a. The vector from C(3, 2, -7) to D(-1, -4, 2)
b. A unit vector at D directed toward C
2. Transform to cylindrical coordinates:
a. F = 10 ax – 8ay + 6 az at point P(10, -8, 6)
b. G = (2x + y) ax – (y - 4x) ay at point Q(ρ, φ, z)
c. Give the cartesian components of the vector H = 20 aρ – 10 aφ + 3az at P(x=5, y=2, z= -1)
3. Express in cartesian components:
a. The vector at A(ρ = 4, φ= 40o, z=-2) that extends to B(ρ = 5, φ= -110o, z=2)
b. A unit vector at B directed toward A
c. A unit vector at B directed toward the origin
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Examples The Spherical Coordinate System

4. Given points A(ρ = 5, φ=70o, z=-3) and B(ρ = 2, φ= -30o,z=1), find:
a. A unit vector in cartesian coordinates at A directed toward B
b. A unit vector in cylindrical coordinates at A directed toward B
c. A unit vector in cylindrical coordinates at B directed toward A

5. Express in cartesian components:

a. The vector at A(ρ = 4, φ= 40o, z=-2) that extends to B(ρ =5, φ= -110o, z=2)
b. A unit vector at B directed toward A
c. A unit vector B directed toward the origin

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The Spherical Coordinate System The Spherical Coordinate System

• Differential surface units:

dr  rd
dr  r sin  d
rd  r sin  d
• Differential volume unit :
dr  rd  r sin  d

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The Spherical Coordinate System

• Relation between the rectangular and the spherical coordinate systems Examples
x = r sin  cos  r= x +y +z , r0
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1. Transform the following vectors to spherical coordinates at the points

z given
y = r sin  sin   = cos −1 , 0    180
x2 + y 2 + z 2
a. 10ax at P(x = -3, y=2, z=4)
y
z = r cos  = tan −1
x b. 10 ay at Q(ρ = 5, φ= 30o, z=4)
• Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and
c. 10az at M(r=4, θ= 110o, φ= 120o)
rectangular coordinate systems

2. At point P(-3,4,5), express the vector that extends from P to Q(2, 0, -1)
in spherical coordinates.

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The Spherical Coordinate System

◼ Example
Given the two points, C(–3,2,1) and D(r = 5, θ = 20°, Φ = –70°), find: (a) the spherical
coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D.

r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = (−3) 2 + (2) 2 + (1) 2 = 3.742

z 1
 = cos −1 = cos −1 = 74.50
x2 + y 2 + z 2 3.742

y 2
 = tan −1 = tan −1 = −33.69 + 180 = 146.31
x −3
 C (r = 3.742,  = 74.50,  = 146.31)

 D( x = 0.585, y = −1.607, z = 4.698)

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