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2012 - FMEV2002 - Basic Well Logging Alternate Exam Dec 2012 PDF
2012 - FMEV2002 - Basic Well Logging Alternate Exam Dec 2012 PDF
Course Code and Title: FMEV 2002 - BASIC WELL LOGGING BASc
DATE: TIME:
DURATION: 3 HOURS
Materials Supplied:
1. A copy of a log section for question 17
Instructions to Candidates
1. This paper has 11 pages and 17 questions.
2. You are required to answer and submit ALL questions on the question paper.
3. All charts required for these questions have been supplied.
4. Please note that some questions are worth more marks than others so you should allocate
your time accordingly.
5. Submit your answers on the question paper.
6. Material that is foreign to that allowable or provided in the examination room is prohibited.
7. You must return the question paper along with other writing paper to the Invigilator at the
end of the examination.
2. These and any other actions which compromise the integrity of the academic evaluation
process will be fully investigated and dealt with in accordance with UTT’s academic
regulations.
3. Please be reminded that looking into another candidate’s script is strictly prohibited.
Show all working to gain full marks. Use additional sheets as necessary.
Your student number and the question number(s) must be shown clearly on all
additional sheets which should be stapled to the question paper.
1. Which type of resistivity tool can be used in a well which has been drilled with oil-base mud?
(Circle one) (2 marks)
2. Circle two of the following which can cause the resistivity of a rock to increase:
(2 marks)
3. Generally with resistivity tools the greater the spacing between the measuring electrodes
the greater the depth of investigation. True or False. (2 marks)
True False
4. Which of the following indicate that a rock is permeable? (Circle all that apply).
(2 marks)
5. The density porosity tool responds to the total formation porosity not effective porosity.
(Circle one) (2 marks)
6. Which of the following is correct with respect to the effect of the presence of shale and gas on
the Compensated Neutron tool? (2 marks)
a) They have the similar effects, each causing the tool to read high porosities.
b) They have similar effects, each causing the tool to read low porosities.
c) They have opposite effects, shale causing the tool to read high and gas causing
it to read low porosities
7. When gas replaces oil in a clean sandstone, Density-Neutron log separation: (2 marks)
a) Increases
b) Decreases
8. You are given the Gamma-Ray log on a well which has been drilled through a siliciclastic
sequence. The Gamma-Ray reading of a clean sand is 20 API units and the shale baseline
has a reading of 120 API units. The Gamma Ray Shale Index of a formation is 0.25. The
Gamma Ray reading across f this formation is? (2 marks)
9. The response of the gamma ray tool is unaffected by the presence of hydrocarbons.
(Circle One) (2 marks)
10. You are working with porosity logs the header indicates that the logs are recorded on a
“limestone matrix” and fluid density is 1.0 g/cc. The density porosity reading is 15% and the
neutron porosity reading is 8%. What is the most likely lithology of the formation?
The only choices are: Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, Dolomite. (2 marks)
______________________________________
11. The resistivity of a water-bearing sand was found to be 0.8 Ohm-m. If the porosity
of the formation is 0.31 and for this formation the relationship between the formation factor, F,
0.81
and porosity has been established as F . What is the salinity of the formation water?
2
(4 Marks)
12. A well is drilled through a hydrocarbon-bearing formation which is at its irreducible water
saturation and it has a porosity of 28%. Rock core data indicates that (a= 0.81, m=2, and n=2).
The mud used for drilling is water-base, with a salt concentration (NaCl) of 50,000 ppm. The
connate water has a salt concentration (NaCl) of 20,000 ppm. The shallow and deep resistivity
logs readings are 12 ohm-m and 50 ohm-m respectively. You should assume that the deep
resistivity tool will be sensing the virgin zone, which does not experience any mud-filtrate
invasion, and that the shallow resistivity tool will be sensing the flushed zone. The formation
temperature is 145 deg F. What is the hydrocarbon saturation of the formation and what is the
water saturation in the flushed zone? (10 marks)
Show working below:
13. In a clean hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone formation the neutron and density logs read 10 and
38 sandstone porosity units, respectively. The shallowest resistivity reading is 10 ohm-m
across the hydrocarbon-bearing formation and the resistivity of mud filtrate at the temperature
of the formation is 0.075 Ohm-m. The residual hydrocarbon saturation in the flushed zone is
0.65. What is the in situ hydrocarbon density? Estimate the effective porosity of the formation.
Assume that a=0.81, m and n = 2 in Archie’s equation. (8 marks)
Show working below:
14. An interval transit time of 90 µsec/ft was measured in a sandstone reservoir. The
acoustic velocity of the matrix was 18000 ft/sec. (6 Marks)
b. Assume a fluid transit time of 189 µsec/ft. Calculate the porosity in the sandstone reservoir
using Wyllie’s time average equation.
Show working below:
15. The following Pe and ρb values were recorded at various depths in a well drilled with fresh
mud. Determine the lithology and the porosity for each set of figures.
(6 marks)
16. The table below shows the porosity values in limestone porosity units which were obtained
across two formations. Identify the lithology and the effective porosity of each formation.
(8 Marks)
You can assume that all necessary environmental corrections have been done to the
logs.
Assume the simplest linear relationship between Gamma-Ray Shale Index and VSh.
Also, a=0.81; m= 2 and n=2 in Archie’s equation.
a. Based on a review of the SP log indicate which of the following is correct. (Select one).
(2 marks)
Rmf > Rw Rmf = Rw Rmf < Rw
b. Indicate the depth of the top of the hydrocarbon bearing interval in the well and provide
the gross thickness of the hydrocarbon bearing interval in the well. (6 marks)
d. Calculate the resistivity of the formation water in the well, Rw, using the sand @ 6048’ –
6054’. Assume that the value of Vsh in the interval = 0.23. The porosity logs should be
corrected for shale in determining the effective porosity (5 marks)
Show all work below
f. Calculate the value of Vsh at 5910’ given that the value of Vsh at 6053’ is 0.23. You
should assume a simple linear relationship between Gamma Ray Shale Index and Vsh.
(5 marks)
Show all work below
i. Determine the in-situ hydrocarbon density at 5910’ and based on this determine whether
the hydrocarbon bearing interval contains oil or gas. (3 marks)
END OF EXAMINATION