Worked solutions

9 Representing equivalent quantities: exponentials

and logarithms
Skills Check
(3 ⋅ rs ) ( )
3 3
3
6 = 33 ⋅ r 3 ⋅ s3
1 a 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
5

b 103 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000 = 27r 3 ⋅ s3⋅3

5 = 27r 3s9
1 15 1
c  =
 =
( −2x yz ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3 35 243 7 4 5
( 2) ⋅ x 4
=−
3
y 3 z5
3
5 53 125 =−8 ⋅ x 4⋅3 ⋅ y 3 ⋅ z 5⋅3
d  =
 =
6 63 216
= −8 x12y 3 z 15
2 a 23 = 8, x = 3
x12y 8 2 x12 y 8
b 104 = 10000, x = 4 8 ( =
5 6
) ( 5 ⋅ 6 )2
x y x y
c 44 = 456, x = 4
= (x12 −5y 8 −6 )2
3
= (x 7y 2 )2
= x 7⋅2y 2⋅2
= x14y 4
(5x )2 (5y 3 ) 52 x 2 5y 3
9 3 4 3
= 3 3 3 4 3
(5x y ) 5 (x ) (y )
125x 2y 3
=
125x 3⋅3y 4⋅3
x 2y 3
=
x 9y 12
x2 y 3
= ⋅
x 9 y 12
= x 2 −9 ⋅ y 3 −12
= x −7 ⋅ y −9
Exercise 9A 1
=
1 a5 ⋅ a3 ⋅ a7 = a5 +3 ⋅ a7 x 7y 9
= a8 ⋅ a7 9 x 3(y 3 )3 9 x 3y 3⋅3
10 −2 4 11
=
=a 8 +7
−81(x ) y −81x −2⋅4y 11
= a15 9 x 3y 9
=
2 3 2 4 6 3
2x y ⋅ 7x y = 2 ⋅ 7 ⋅ x ⋅ x ⋅ y ⋅ y 4 2 6
−81x −8y 11
=14 ⋅ x 3 + 4 ⋅ y 2 + 6 1 3 −( −8) 9 −11
= − x y
7 8 9
= 14 x y
1
= − x11y −2
3 4ab3 ⋅ 0.5a6c = 4 ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a6 ⋅ b3 ⋅ c 9
=2 ⋅ a1+ 6 ⋅ b3 ⋅ c x11
= −
= 2a7b3c 9y 2

8m5 8 11 The area of a square of length l is l 2 .

4 3
=⋅ m5 −3 =
2 ⋅ m2 Therefore the area of a square with side
4m 4
length 3x 2y is (3x 2y )2 .
6u5v 2 6 5 −3 2 −3
5 = ⋅u v
9u3v 3 9 (3x 2y )2 = 32 (x 2 )2 y 2
2 2 −1 = 9 x 2⋅2y 2
= ⋅u ⋅v
3 = 9 x 4y 2
2u2
=
3v

© Oxford University Press 2019 Worked solutions 1

 Worked solutions

12 The area of a rectangle with width w and e 31−2 x = 1 = 30 ⇒ 1 − 2 x = 0

length l is w ⋅ l . Then the area of this
rectangle is 1
⇒ 2 x =1 ⇒ x =
2
5a 4 ⋅ 5 3 +1 2 1
4a3b2 ⋅ = ⋅a ⋅b ⋅ 3
2b3 2 b f 3 ⋅ 2x = 48 = 3 ⋅ 16 = 3 ⋅ 24 ⇒ x = 4
= 10 ⋅ a4 ⋅ b2 −3 1 1
g 4x=
+2
= = 2−6
= 10 ⋅ a4 ⋅ b−1 64 26
a4 4 = 22
= 10
b (22=
)x +2 22(
= x + 2) 2x +4
2= 2−6
2x + 4 = −6
Exercise 9B x = −5
1
x
1 a 7
= 2 2
7
= 7 h 4
3 9=
= (32 )=
x
32 x
3 1 1
5
b=
25 (2
= 5 3
) (5=
2)3 23 3 4 = 32 x
3 1 1
c=
6 2 (6
= 2 3
) 6)3
(2= 2
63 = 2x
4
5 1
1
d=
2 (2
= ) (=
44
2)5 4 5 4
25 x =
8
−1 1
1 1 x
e = 2 −1
5 2 (5=) 5)−1
(2 = 2
5−1
= 2
i ( =) = 52
25
5 5
−3 1
−3
f=
(3x ) 2 [(3
= x )2 ]−3 2
3x (5−1 )x = 5− x
1 5− x = 52
−3
= 2
(3x )
= x = −2
(3x )3
1 1 3
−3 1 1+ 3
−3 j 2 x = 2 2 = 2 ⋅ 22 = 2 2
= 22 ⇒ x =
g =
3x x )
3(= x
3=2
3 x 2 −3 2 2 −3
2
1 3 2 a x +3
2= x −2
4= (22 =
)x −2 22( x −2)
= 3=
2
x3 x3 x + 3 = 2(x − 2) = 2 x − 4
3  12  3
3
x =7
2 a =
10 =10  102
  b =
5x −3 25
= x −4 2 x −4
(5=) 52( x − 4)

 51  6
6
x − 3 = 2(x − 4) = 2 x − 8
( )
6
5
b =
a 6
a
5
= a 
= a5 x =5
 
1 7
c =
62 x −6 36
= 3x −4 2 3x −4
(6=) 62(3 x − 4)
3
c = m7 (3=
m )7 (=
m ) m 3 7 3
2 x − 6 = 2(3x − 4) = 6 x − 8
1 −1
1 −1 2 = 4x
d = 5x
= [(5x=
) ] (5x ) 2 −1 2

5x 1
x =
1 −1 −1 −5 2
e = 4
(2d )5
= ((2
= d) ) (2d ) 5 4 4
4
(2d )5 1 11− x
d =
95 x +2 (= ) −1 11− x
(3= ) 3x −11
1 3
f 3 x = 3x 2 95 x +2 (3
= =2 5 x +2
) 32(5 x +2)
1 −1
3 −1 2(5x + 2) = x − 11
g 3⋅ x
= 3 ⋅ (x )
= 2 −1
3x
= 2

x 10 x + 4 = x − 11
9 x = −15
Exercise 9C −5
x =
3
1 a 2x = 16 = 24 ⇒ x = 4
b 10x = 1000000= 106 ⇒ x = 6
Exercise 9D
c 2x +1 = 64 = 26 ⇒ x + 1 = 6 ⇒ x = 5
1 a y = 10x has exponential growth as
d 32 x −1 = 27 = 33 ⇒ 2 x − 1 = 3
10 > 0 and 10 ≠ 1
⇒ 2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2

© Oxford University Press 2019 2

 Worked solutions

b y = 6 − x has exponential decay as ii y = 2 iii x ∈ , y < 2

6 > 0 and 6 ≠ 1 t
−

3 4 H (65)2
= 2
+ 25
c y = ( )x has exponential decay as
5 a
3 t =0 ⇒ H =65 ⋅ 20 + 25 =65 + 25 =90 C
<1
5 −
3
b t =3 ⇒ H = 65 ⋅ 2 2
+ 25 = 48 C
d x
y = (0.45) has exponential decay as
c H ≤ 40
0.45 < 1
t
−
e y = (1.5)x has exponential growth as 65 ⋅ 2 2
+ 25 ≤ 40
1.5 > 1 −
t
65 ⋅ 2 2
≤ 15
2 f=
(0) h= (0) 1 So f and h are either t
A or D.
− 15 3
2 2
≤ =
65 13
h has exponential decay so it must be t
line A. − 1
2 2
≤
Thus f is line D. 4
t
−
g(0) = 2 2 2
≤ 2−2
−2 1 t
j(0)
= 2= − ≤ −2
4 2
Thus g is C, j is E and finally i is B. t ≥4

3 a i d 25 C is the temperature of the room

as that is the only constant in the
equation.
5 a y = 30(0.9)x
x =0
0
=y 30(0.9)
= 30
The value of a new car is $30 000.
b x =3
y = 30(0.9)3
ii y= 4 iii x ∈ , y > 4 y = 21.87
b i The value of a 3 year old car is
$21 870.
30
c =
y 30(0.9)
=x
= 15
2
x 15 1
(0.9)
= =
30 2
Using GDC we find x = 6.58 .
6 a P = 40(1.5)t
t =0
0
=P 40(1.5)
= 40
ii y = − 3 iii x ∈ , y > −3 There were initially 40 squirrels.
c i b t =2
2
=P 40(1.5)
= 90
c P 40(1.5)
= = x
200

x 200
(1.5)
= = 5
40
Using GDC we find x = 3.97 .

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

 Worked solutions

−
t b t = 2025 − 2011 = 14
7 a A = A0 (2) 5730

7(1 + 0.011)14 =
y = 8.16 billion.
A0 = 100
c 7(1 0.011)t =
y =+ 10
t = 1000
1000 10
A = 100(2)
−
5730 (1 + 0.011)t =
7
A = 88.6
From the graph t = 32 so in the
b Use GDA to sketch the graph. year 2043.
t
− 7 The value of a car decreases by 15%
i
= A 100(2)
= 5730
75
every year. Tatiana buys a new car for
−
t
75 3 $25 000.
2=
5730
=
100 4 Use the formula for exponential decay
That gives t = 2378 years. with a = $25000 and r = 0.15 .

100 −
t a y 25000(1 − 0.15)t in thousands
=
ii =A 100(2) = = 50 5730
of dollars
2
From the graph t = 5730 years. b t =3

−
t =y 25000(1 − 0.15)3
c A = A0 (2) 5730
3
= 25000(0.85)
= $15400
A0 = 100
c y 10000
= = 25000(0.85)t
t = 1000
1000 t 25000 5
A = 100(2)
−
5730 (0.85)
= =
10000 2
A = 88.7 From the graph t = 5.64 years.

Exercise 9E Exercise 9F
1 a e = 2.718 b e2 = 7.389 1 a The graph of g(x ) is a vertical
c e −2
= 0.135 d 3e = 8.155 translation of 4 units up
e b The graph of h(x ) is a horizontal
e = 1.359 f 5 e = 8.244
2 translation of 3 units right.
g 4e − 5 =
5.873 c The graph of i(x ) is a vertical stretch
of scale factor 2.
2 a =
y f (x= x
) 1= 1 is a line.
2 a
b The graph of h(x ) is between the
graphs of g(x ) and i(x ) . They are all
exponential graphs.
3 The transformation that maps f (x ) onto
g(x ) is a reflection in the y − axis.
4 a t =0
G(0) 4500
= = e0.3⋅0 4500
= e0 4500cm2
b t = 10
G(10) 4500
= = e0.3⋅10 4500e3 b
2
= 90400cm
5 PV = 5000
r = 0.05
t =6
FV = 5000 ⋅ e0.05⋅6 = 5000e0.3 = $6749
6 a The population a= 7 billion was
growing at a rate of r= 1.1% so the
exponential growth formula gives
y 7(1 + 0.011)t billion.
=

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

 Worked solutions

c 3 a log7 1 ⇒ 7x =
1

7x = 70
x =0
log7 1 = 0

b log8 1 ⇒ 8x =
1

8x = 80
x =0
d log8 1 = 0

c log9 1 ⇒ 9x =
1

9x = 90
x =0
log9 1 = 0

d logx 1 ⇒

xy = 1
xy = x0
y =0
logx 1 = 0
3
4 a log3 3 ⇒ 3x =
3

3x = 31
x =1
log3 3 = 1

b log4 4 ⇒ 4x =
4

4x = 41
x =1
log4 4 = 1

x = −1.98, 2.72 c log5 5 ⇒ 5x =

5

5x = 51
Exercise 9G x =1
1 a logp q =r ⇒ pr =q log5 5 = 1
r
b log3 5 =r ⇒ 3 =5 d logx x ⇒
6
c log7 q =6 ⇒ 7 =q xy = x
d 3
logp 5 =3 ⇒ p =5 x y = x1
y =1
e log11 =x ⇒ 10x =11
logx x = 1
2 a rs =
t ⇒ logr t =
s
5 a log3 9 ⇒ 3x =
9
b 82 =⇒
64 log8 64 =
2
3x = 32
c 10x =
25 ⇒ log25 =
x
x =2
1 1 log3 9 = 2
d 3−2 = ⇒ log3 =−2
9 9
2 b log2 32 ⇒ 2x =
32
2
e 27 =
3
9 ⇒ log27 9 =
3 2x = 25
x =5
log2 32 = 5

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

 Worked solutions

c log5 125 ⇒ 5x =
125 h log128 − 6 log2 = log128 − log26

5x = 53 = log128 − log64
x =3 128
= log
log5 125 = 3 64
= log2
d log4 256 ⇒ 4x =
256
i log2 + log3 + log=
4 log2 ⋅ 3 + log 4
4 x = 44 = log6 + log 4
x =4 = log6 ⋅ 4
log4 256 = 4 = log24
e log25 5 ⇒ j log12 − 2log2 + log3 = log12 − log22 + log3
25x = 5 = log12 − log 4 + log3
1
12
25x = 25 2 = log + log3
4
1 = log3 + log3
x =
2 = log3 ⋅ 3
1
log25 5 = = log9
2
f log8 2 ⇒ k 5log2 + 4log3 =log25 + log34
= log32 + log81
8x = 2
1
= log32 ⋅ 81
8 x = 83 = log2592
1 l log6 + 3log3 − log2 = log6 + log33 − log2
x =
3
1 =log6 + log27 − log2
log8 2 = = log6 ⋅ 27 − log2
3
= log162 − log2
1
g log3 ⇒ 162
23 = log
2
1 = log81
3x =
27
3x = 3−3
Exercise 9I
x = −3
1 1 a log18
= log3 ⋅ 6
log3 = −3
27 = log3 + log6
= x+y
Exercise 9H 6
b log2 = log
a log3 + log5
= log3 ⋅ =
5 log15 3
16 = log6 − log3
b log16 − log2 = log = log8
2 = y−x
c 3log5
= log5
=3
log125 c log9 = log32
d 3log 4 − 4log3 =log 43 − log34 = 2log3
= log64 − log81 = 2x
64 d log27 = log33
= log
81
= 3log3
e log x + log1
= log x ⋅=
1 log x = 3x
236 e log36 = log62
f log236 − log1
= log = log236
1
= 2log6
g 5log2 + 2log5 =log25 + log52 = 2y
= log32 + log25 = log32 × 25
= log800

© Oxford University Press 2019 6

 Worked solutions

1 3 x = log2 A
f log
= log1 − log2
2
y = log2 B
6 z = log2 C
= 0 − log
3
A 4 A
=−(log6 − log3) log2 ( ) = 4log2 ( )
BC 3 BC 3
=−(y − x )
= 4(log2 A − log2 (BC 3 ))
= x−y
4(x − (log2 B + log2 C 3 ))
=
2 a log=
5 28 log5 7 ⋅ 4 = 4(x − (y + 3log2 C ))
= log5 7 + log5 4 = 4(x − y − 3z )
= m+n 4=
log3 P x=
,log3 Q y
7
b log
= 5 log5 7 − log5 4 a 3
3 P Q
log= log3 P 3 + log3 Q
4
= m−n = 3log3 P + y
= 3x + y
c log5 49 = log5 72
P
= 2log5 7 b log
= 3 log3 P − log3 Q
Q
= 2m
1
d log5 64 = log5 43 = log3 P 2 − log3 Q
= 3log5 4 1
= log3 P − log3 Q
= 3n 2
1
49 = x−y
e log
= 5 log5 49 − log5 4 2
4
5 a log x − log(x − 5) =
log M
= log5 72 − log5 4
x
= 2log5 7 − log5 4 log = log M
x −5
= 2m − n x
=M
7 x −5
f log=
5 log5 7 − log5 16
16 b log x − log(x − 5) =
1
= m − log5 42 = log10
= m − 2log5 4 x
log = log10
= m − 2n x −5
x
g 112 log5 7 ⋅ 42
log5= = 10
x −5
= log5 7 + log5 42 = x 10(x − 5)
= log5 7 + 2log5 4 = 10 x − 50
= m + 2n 50 = 9 x
log5 7 m 50
h = x =
log5 4 n 9

log5 49 log5 72 2log5 7 2m

i = = 3
= Exercise 9J
log5 64 log5 4 3log5 4 3n
1 a ln e3 3ln
= = e 3
j log
=5 100 log5 25 ⋅ 4 b =
ln e4 4ln
= e 4
= log5 52 ⋅ 4 1
1 1
c ln=e ln
= e2 =ln e
= log5 52 + log5 4 2 2
1
= 2log5 5 + n 1 1
d ln=
3
e ln
= e3 =ln e
= 2+n 3 3
1
e ln =ln1 − ln e =0 − ln e =0 −1 =−1
e
1
f ln 2 =−ln1 ln e2 = 0 − 2ln e =−2
e

© Oxford University Press 2019 7

 Worked solutions

2 a eln 2 = 2 6
logx
logx 2 3
b e ln 3
=3 g log
= 32 =
logx 3 logx 3
c e ln x
= x
2 logx 6 − logx 3 s − r
d e = eln=
2 ln 4
4 2
4= 16 = =
3
logx 3 r
e 3 ln x
e= ln x
e= x3
1 logy y 1
ln 1 4 log
= x y =
f ln 3
e −= e=3
logy x logy x
3
3 a ln x = 2.7 log10 1
5 =
ln10 =
2.7
x e=
= 14.9 log e log e

b ln(x + 1) =
1.86 6 “Show that” is to use numbers to
demonstrate a certain property and that it
x +1 =e1.86 works for the numbers that you are using.
= e1.86 − =
x 1 5.42 To prove it to use variables to prove that
x
the system works for all numbers.
4 x ln a
e= ln a
e= ax
Exercise 9L
Exercise 9K
1 a 2x = 5
1 a log3 8 = 1.89 b log6 24 = 1.77
log2x = log5
c log5 8 = 1.29 d` log3 30 = 3.10
x log2 = log5
1 3 log5
e log7 = −0.712 f log2 = −0.737 x =
4 5 log2
2 p = log3 A x = 2.32

q = log3 B b 3x = 17
log3 B q log3x = log17
log
= A B =
log3 A p x log3 = log17
logx 6 s log17
3 a log x =
= 36 = log3
logx 3 r
x = 2.58
logx 3 r
b log
= 63 = c 9x = 49
logx 6 s
c log9x = log 49
2 logx 6 s x log9 = log 49
log
= 3 36 log
= 36 2log
= 36 2= 2
logx 3 r log 49
x =
log9
logx 54
d log3 54 = x = 1.77
logx 3
d 3x = 69
logx (6 ⋅ 9)
= log3x = log69
r
logx 6 + logx 32 x log3 = log69
=
r log69
x =
s + 2logx 3 log3
=
r x = 3.85
s + 2r
=
r
e 16 x = 67
logx 6 s s s
e log
= 9 6 = = = log16 x = log67
logx 9 logx 32 2logx 3 2r
x log16 = log67
logx 18 logx (6 ⋅ 3) log67
f log
= 6 18 = x =
logx 6 logx 6 log16
logx 6 + logx 3 s + r x = 1.52
= =
logx 6 r

© Oxford University Press 2019 8

 Worked solutions

f 12x = 5 1
x
c 52 = 79
x
log12 = log5 1
x
x log12 = log5 log52 = log79
log5 1
x = x log5 = log79
log12 2
x = 0.65 2log79
x =
log5
g 7 =4x
x = 5.43
log7x = log 4
d 2 x +1
= 15
x log7 = log 4
log 4 log2x +1 = log15
x = (x + 1)log2 = log15
log7
x = 0.712 log15
x +1 =
log2
h 19 = 2 x

log15
log19x = log2 =x −1
log2
x log19 = log2 x = 2.91
log2
x = e 6 x −2 = 4
log19
x = 0.235 log6 x −2 = log 4
(x − 2)log6 = log 4
i ex = 5
log 4
x −2 =
log e x = log5 log6
x log e = log5 log 4
=x +2
log5 log6
x =
log e x = 2.77
x = 1.61
f e x −1
−4=
6
j e x = 10
e x −1 = 10
x
log e = log10 log e x −1 = log10
x log e = 1 (x − 1)log e =
1
1 1
x = x −1 =
log e log e
x = 2.30 1
x= 1 +
2 a 2 4x
=9 log e
log24 x = log9 x = 3.30
(4 x )log2 = log9 g 23 x −2 = 53
log9 log23 x −2 = log53
x =
4log2 (3x − 2)log2 = log53
x = 0.792 log53
3x − 2 =
b 63 x = 4 log2
log63 x = log 4 log53
3x= 2 +
log2
(3x )log6 = log 4
1 log53
log 4 = x (2 + )
x = 3 log2
3log6
x = 2.58
x = 0.258

© Oxford University Press 2019 9

 Worked solutions

h 42 x +1 = 10 c 3 × 4e2 −2 x + 1 =4
log 42 x +1 = log10 3 × 4e2 −2 x = 3
(2 x + 1)log 4 = 1 3
e2 −2 x =
1 12
2x + 1 =
log 4 1
e2 −2 x =
1 4
2x
= −1 1
log 4 log e2 −2 x = log
1 1 4
=x ( − 1) 1
2 log 4 (2 − 2 x )log e = log
4
x = 0.330
1
i 11 x −8
− 11 =
48 log
2 − 2x = 4
11x −8 = 59 log e
log11x −8 = log59 1
log
2 x= 2 − 4
(x − 8)log11 = log59
log e
log59
x −8 = 1
log11 log
1 4)
x
= (2 −
log59 2 log e
x= 8 +
log11 x = 0.807
x = 9.70
d 10 − 2e7 x +5 =
3
j 9 x +10
+ 22 =
100
2e7 x +5 = 7
x +10
9 = 78 7
x +10
e7 x + 5 =
log9 = log78 2
(x + 10)log9 = log78 7
log e7 x +5 = log
log78 2
x + 10 = 7
log9 (7 x + 5)log e =
log
2
log78
= x − 10 7
log9 log
x = -8.02 7x + 5 = 2
log e
3 a 6 × 2x =
14 7
log
14 7x
= 2 −5
2x = log e
6
14 7
log2x = log log
1 2 − 5)
6 =x (
7 log e
14
x log2 = log x = - 0.535
6
14 e 2x −1 = 3x +1
log
x = 6 log2x −1 = log3x +1
log2
(x − 1)log2 = (x + 1)log3
x = 1.22
x log2 − log2 = x log3 + log3
b 4 × 63 x =
16 x(log2 − log3) =log3 + log2
16 log3 + log2
63 x = x =
4 log2 − log3
16 x = - 4. 42
log63 x = log
4
16
3x log6 = log
4
16
log
x = 4
3log6
x = 0.258

© Oxford University Press 2019 10

 Worked solutions

f 32 x −1 = 5x or

log3
= log5 2 x −1 x ex = 1
(2 x − 1)log3 = x log5 log e x = log1
2 x log3 − log3 = x log5 x log e = 0
x(2log3 − log5) = log3 x = 0.
log3 Hence x = 0,ln 4.
x =
2log3 − log5
b e2 x − 2e x − 3 =0
x = 1.87
e2 x − 3e x + e x − 3 =0
g 4 3 x +1 1− 2 x
=6
e x (e x − 3) + (e x − 3) =
0
3 x +1 1− 2 x
log 4 = log6 (e x − 3)(e x + 1) =
0
(3x + 1)log 4 = (1 − 2 x )log6
Therefore, e x − 3 =0 or e x + 1 =0.
3x log 4 + log 4 = log6 − 2 x log6
Hence
x(3log 4 + 2log6) = log6 − log 4
log6 − log 4 ex − 3 =0
x = ex = 3
3log 4 + 2log6
x = 0.0524 ln e x = ln3
x ln3 = ln3
h e x +1 = 5 x − 2
x = ln3
log e x +1 = log5x −2
Or e x + 1 =0 which has no real
(x + 1)log e = (x − 2)log5
solutions. Therefore x = ln3 .
x log e + log e = x log5 − 2log5
x(log e − log5) = − log3 − 2log5 c e4 x + 4e2 x − 12 =
0
− log3 − 2log5 e4 x + 6e2 x − 2e2 x − 12 =
0
x =
log e − log5 e2 x (x 2 x + 6) − 2(x 2 x + 6) =
0
x = 6.92 (x 2 x + 6)(e2 x − 2) =
0.
4 a 3ln2 + ln3 = ln2 + ln3 3
0 or e2 x − 2 =
Hence either x 2 x + 6 = 0.
= ln8 + ln3 = ln(8 ⋅ 3) = ln24
0 has no real solutions thus it
x2x + 6 =
b 6 ln2 − ln 4 =
− ln x remains e2 x − 2 =
0 which gives
6
ln2 − ln 4 =
− ln x e2 x − 2 =
0
6
2 e2 x = 2
ln = − ln x
4
ln e2 x = ln2
64
ln = − ln x 2 x ln e = ln2
4
ln16 = − ln x 2 x = ln2
ln x = − ln16 ln2
x = .
− ln16 2
x =e
1 6 a 10(1.075)k ⋅0
t = 0 ⇒ h(0) =
x =
16 = 10(1.075)
= 0
10 cm
5 a e2 x − 5e x + 4 =
0 b h(4) = 12
2x x x
e − 4e − e + 4 =
0 =h(4) 10(1.075)
= k ⋅4
10(1.075)4k
x x x
e (e − 4) − (e − 4) =
0 12 = 10(1.075)4k
x x
(e − 4)(e − 1) =
0 12
(1.075)4k =
Hence e x = 4 or e x = 1 . Thus 10
12
ex = 4 log(1.075)4k = log
10
log e x = log 4 12
4k log(1.075) = log
x log e = log 4 10
log 4 12
=x = ln 4 log
log e 1 10
k =
4 log(1.075)
k = 0.630
© Oxford University Press 2019 11
 Worked solutions

c h(t ) =
2 ⋅ h(0) =
20 9 a t = 100
t ⋅k t ⋅0.630 100
=20 10(1.075)
= 10(1.075)
⇒ A(100) =
A0 (0.5)25000
20
(1.075)t ⋅0.630
= = 2 1
10 = 500(0.5)
= 250
499
log(1.075)t ⋅0.630 = log2 t

t ⋅ 0.630log(1.075) =log2 b A(t ) 500(0.5)

= = 25000
100
log2 t
100 1
=t = 15.2 0.525000
= =
0.630log(1.075) 500 5
7 a t =0 t
log0.525000 = log0.2
⇒ P(0) 20000(0.9)k ⋅0 + 1000
= t
log0.5 = log0.2
= 20000(0.9)0 + 1000 25000
= 20000 + 1000 = 21000 25000log0.2
t =
b P(3) = 16000 log0.5
t = 58048
P(3) 20000(0.9)3k +=
= 1000 16000
20000(0.9)3k = 15000 10 2x = 3e4 x

3k 15000 ln2x = ln3e4 x

(0.9)
= = 0.75
20000 = ln3 + ln e4 x
x ln2
3k
log(0.9) = log0.75 x ln2
= ln3 + 4 x ln3
3k log(0.9) = log0.75 x ln2
= ln3 + 4 x
log0.75 x(4 − ln2) = − ln3
=k = 0.910
3log0.9 ln3
x =
c P(t ) = 5000 ln2 − 4

20000(0.9)t ⋅0.910 + 1000 =

5000
Exercise 9M
20000(0.9)t ⋅0.910 = 4000
t ⋅0.910 4000 1 a (7e x ) ' = 7e x
(0.9)
= = 0.2
20000 1 x 1
b (− − ex
e )' =
log(0.9)t ⋅0.910 = log0.2 4 4
0.910t log0.9 = log0.2 1 9
c (9ln =
x )' 9=
log0.2 x x
=t = 16.8
0.910log0.9 π
d (π ln x )' =
8 a t =0 x

⇒ W(0) = 84 − 10ln(0 + 1) 1 5 1
e (ln5x=
)' (5x=)' =
= 84 − 10ln1 5x 5x x
= 84 − 10 ⋅ 0 = 84 (6 x )' 6 1
f (ln 6 x=
)' = =
6x 6x x
b t = 10
(7 x )' 7 1
⇒ W(10) = 84 − 10ln(10 + 1) g (ln7 x=
)' = =
7x 7x x
=84 − 10ln11 = 60
h=
(e2 x )' e=
2x
(2 x )' 2e2 x
100
c W=
(t ) = 50
2 i=
(e4 x )' e=
4x
(4 x )' 4e4 x

84 − 10ln(t + 1) = 50 j=
(e5 x )' e=
5x
(5x )' 5e5 x
10ln(t + 1) = 84 − 50 = 34 5
2 a (5ln x − 2e x )' =− 2e x
34 x
ln(t + 1) =
10
t +1 = e3.4 1
− x
1
− x 1 1
b (x 2 − e 2
+ ln x )' = 2 x − e 2
(− ) +
=t e3.4 − 1 2 x
t = 29 1 − 12 x 1
2x +
= e +
2 x

© Oxford University Press 2019 12

 Worked solutions

c (4 − ln9 x + e −5 x + x 3 )' f (2
= x 3e −3 x )' 2(x 3 )' e −3 x + 2 x 3(e −3 x )'
(9 x )' = 6 x 2e −3 x + 2 x 3(−3x )' e −3 x
=
− + e −5 x (−5x )'+ 3x 2
9x = 6 x 2e −3 x − 6 x 3e −3 x
1 = 6 x 2 (1 − x )e −3 x
=− − 5e −5 x + 3x 2
x
g ((x 2 + 1)e3 x )'
d (ln7 x + ln7 + e 7x
− 7 x )'
= (x 2 + 1)' e3 x + (x 2 + 1)(e3 x )'
(7 x )' = 2 xe3 x + 3(x 2 + 1)e3 x
= + e7 x (7 x )'− 7
7x 2
h (xe ax +1
)'
1
= + 7e7 x − 7 2 2
x e ax +1 + xe ax
= +1
(ax 2 + 1)'
2 2
5 = e ax +1
+ 2ax 2e ax +1
e (e10 − 5ln x + 6e4 x )' =− + 6e4 x (4 x )'
x i ( x=
ln x )' x 'ln x + x(ln x )'
5 1
=− + 24e4 x = ln x + x = ln x + 1
x x
(e x x 3 )' e x x 3 + 3x 2e x j x 3 ln x )' (x 3 )'ln x + x 3(ln x )'
(=
f x 3
(ln(e=x ))' =
ex x3 ex x3
x3
x +3 3 = 3x 2 ln x +
= = 1+ x
x x
= 3x 2 ln x + x 2
x2 + 1 x3 − x x2 + 1 = x 2 (3ln x + 1)
g (ln( 3
))' = 2 ( )'
x −x x + 1 x3 − x
k (x 2 ln(2 x + 3))'

x 3 − x (x 2 + 1)'(x 3 − x ) − (x 2 + 1)(x 3 − x )' = (x 2 )'ln(2 x + 3) + x 2 (ln(2 x + 3))'

=
x2 + 1 ( x 3 − x )2 (2 x + 3)'
= 2 x ln(2 x + 3) + x 2
1 2 x(x 3 − x ) − (x 2 + 1)(3x 2 − 1) 2x + 3
= 2
x +1 x3 − x 2x 2
= 2 x ln(2 x + 3) +
1 2 x − 2 x − 3x 4 + x 2 − 3x 2 + 1
4 2
2x + 3
=
x2 + 1 x3 − x
e3 x (e3 x )' x 2 − e3 x (x 2 )'
4
1 − x − 4x + 1 2 l ( 2
)' =
= x x4
x2 + 1 x3 − x
4 2
− x − 4x + 1 3e3 x x 2 − 2 xe3 x 3xe3 x − 2e3 x
= = = 4
(x 2 + 1)(x 3 − x ) x x3
3x
e (3x − 2)
2 x(x 3 − x ) − (x 2 + 1)(3x 2 − 1) =
= x3
(x 2 + 1)(x 3 − x )
2x 3x 2 − 1  2e4 x  (2e4 x )'(1 − e x ) − 2e4 x (1 − e x )'
= − 3 m  x ' =
2
x +1 x − x 1 − e  (1 − e x )2

8e4 x (1 − e x ) + 2e4 x e x 2e4 x (4 − 3e x )

3 3 3
2x
3 a (e= )' e2 x (2
= x 3 )' e2 x (2 ⋅ 3x 2 ) = = x 2
3 (1 − e ) (1 − e x )2
= 6 x 2 e2 x
ex + 1
(e
b= )' e (4 x 3 + 5)2 (4 x 3 + 5)2 3
((4 x + 5) )' 2 n ( )'
ex − 1
= e (4 x 3 + 5)2
(2(4 x + 5)(4 ⋅ 3x 2 ))
3 (e x + 1)'(e x − 1) − (e x + 1)(e x − 1)'
=
3
+ 5)2 (e x − 1)2
= 24 x 2 (4 x 3 + 5)e(4 x
e x (e x − 1) − e x (e x + 1)
(3x 5 )' 15x 4 5x 4 5 =
c 5
(ln(3x= ))' = = = (e x − 1)2
3x 5 3x 5 x5 x
e2 x − e x − e2 x − e x
3 =
d ((ln x ) )' 3(ln
= = 3
x ) (ln x )' 2
(ln x )2 (e x − 1)2
x
−2e x
e (xe
= 2x
)' x ' e2 x + x(e2 x )' =
(e x − 1)2
e2 x + 2 xe2 x =
= (1 + 2 x )e2 x x x 'ln x − x(ln x )' ln x − 1
o ( )' = =
ln x (ln x )2 (ln x )2
© Oxford University Press 2019 13
 Worked solutions

2 − ln x (2 − ln x )' x − (2 − ln x )x ' equation of the normal at the point (1, 0)

p ( )' =
x x2 is:
1 y − 0 =−1(x − 1)
− x − 2 + ln x
x −3 + ln x y =− x + 1
= =
x2 x2
7 The point where x = 6 is f (6)
= e −6 + 4 .
1 + ln x (1 + ln x )' x 2 − (1 + ln x )(x 2 )'
q ( 2
)' = (e − x + 4)' =
f '(x ) = −e − x
x x4
f '(6) = −e −6
1 2
x − 2 x(1 + ln x ) Hence we get that the value of the
= x
x4 gradient of the tangent of f (x ) at
x − 2 x(1 + ln x ) (6, e −6 + 4) is e −6.
=
x4
8 ) x 2 + ln x
f (x=
1 − 2(1 + ln x )
=
x4 1
f '(x
= ) 2x +
4 A turning point has the first derivative x
equal to 0 . 1
f '(x ) = 3 ⇔ 2 x + =3 ⇔
y ln x − x
= x
2x 2 + 1 =3x
1
y=
' −1 2 x 2 − 3x + 1 =0
x
1 2(x 2 − x ) − x + 1 = 0
y '(x ) = 0 ⇔ −1 = 0 ⇔ x = 1
x 2 x(x − 1) − (x − 1) = 0
y(1) = −1 (x − 1)(2 x − 1) = 0
Therefore (1, −1) is a turning point. To (x − 1)(2 x − 1) = 0
check if it is a maximum or minimum we Hence the values for which the derivative
need the second derivative. 1
is 3 are x = 1 and x = .
1 1 2
y '' = − 2 < 0 . Hence (1, −1) is a
( − 1)' =
x x The y − coordinates are:
maximum.
f (1) =1 + ln1 =1 and
5 f (x ) = 2e2 x
1 1 1 1
f ( ) = + ln = − ln2. Thus the points
f '(x ) (2
= =e2 x )' 2e2=
x
(2 x )' 4e2 x 2 4 2 4
e 2 ⋅0 2
f (0) 2=
= 1 1
are (1,1) and ( , − ln2).
f= e 4 ⋅0 2
'(0) 2= 2 4

Equation of the tangent at the point (0,2) 9 =

f (x ) ln(e x + e − x )
is: (e x + e − x )' (e x − e − x )
f '(x )
= =
y − 2= 4(x − 0) (e x + e − x ) (e x + e − x )
y −2 = 4x f '(x ) = 0.6
y 4x + 2
= (e x − e − x )
= 0.6
6 y = ln x (e x + e − x )
y(1) = 0 e x − e −=
x
0.6(e x + e − x )
1 0.4e x − 1.6e − x =
0
y' =
x 0.4e2 x − 1.6 =0
y '(1) = 1 1.6
e2 x
= = 4
The gradient at the point (1, 0) is 1. 0.4
Hence the equation of the tangent at the ln e2 x = ln 4
point (1, 0) is: 2 x ln e = ln22
y − 0 = 1(x − 1) = x − 1 2 x = 2ln2
y= x − 1 x = ln2
1 5
The product of the tangent and the f (ln2) = ln(eln 2 + e − ln 2 ) = ln(2 + ) = ln
normal is −1 . Thus the gradient of the 2 2
normal at (1, 0) is −1 Therefore the 5
Thus the point is (ln2,ln ).
2

© Oxford University Press 2019 14

 Worked solutions

10 f (=
x ) xe x − e x 1
d 41−2 x =
64
f '(x ) = e x + xe x − e x = xe x
41−2 x = 4−3
The gradient of the tangent at x = 1 is
f '(1) = e while the gradient of the normal 1 − 2x = −3
1 2x = 4
is − . Hence the equation of the tangent x =2
e
is: 4 a 15log6 x = −15
y − 0= e(x − 1) −15
log6 x = = −1
y = e(x − 1) = ex − e. 15
The equation of the normal is: 1
log6 x = log
10
1 1 1
y − 0 =− (x − 1) =− x + . 1
e e e 6x =
10
1
Chapter review x =
60
1 a log2 16 =4 ⇒ 24 =16 b log(−7 x ) =
3
b log5 125 =3 ⇒ 53 =125 log(−7 x ) =log103
c log9 81 =2 ⇒ 92 =81 −7 x = 1000
−1000
d log12 144 =2 ⇒ 122 =
144 x =
7
e log10000 =4 ⇒ 104 =10000 c 3log10 x = −6
4
2 a 3 =⇒
81 log3 81 =
4 log10 x = −2
b 15 = 2
225 ⇒ log15 225 =
2 log10 x = log10−2
1
1
1 10 x =
c 812 =
9 ⇒ log81 9 = 100
2 1
d a14 =
c ⇒ loga c =
14 x =
1000
e e4 =x ⇒ ln x =4 d − log 4 x =
−2

3 a 22 x −2
= 16 log 4 x = 2

2 2 x −2
=2 4 log 4 x = log102
2x − 2 =4 4 x = 100
2x =6 x = 25
2
x =3 5 a log
= 5 25 log
= 55 2
7
1 b log=
2 128 log
= 22 7
b x −1
93 = = 3−3
27 c log21 21 = 1
32(3 x −1) = 3−3 d loga a = 1
2(3x − 1) = −3 0
e =
log6 1 log
= 6 6 0
6 x − 2 =−3
6 x = −1 f 3log3 (79) = 79
1 g ln e19 = 19
x = −
6 h eln 7 = 7
c 32 − x = 243 6 a 2x = 17
32 − x = 35 =x log
= 2 17 4.09
2−x = 5
b 66 x +3 = 19
x = −3
6x + 3 =
log6 19
log6 19 − 3
x =
6
x = -0.226

© Oxford University Press 2019 15

 Worked solutions

c 2 × 123 x =
11 h 5 − 4e −5 x − 4 =
−16
11 4e −5 x − 4 = 21
123 x =
2 21
11 e −5 x − 4 =
log123 x = log 4
2 21
11 log e −5 x − 4 = log
3x log12 = log 4
2 21
11 (−5x − 4)log e = log
log 4
x = 2 21
3log12 log
−5x − 4 = 4
x = 0.229 log e
d 6 × 8−5 x =
18 21
log
4 +4
8−5 x = 3 log e
x = −
log8−5 x = log3 5
−5x log8 = log3 x = -1.13
− log3 7 a log3 + log 4
= log3 ⋅ 4
= log12
x =
5log8 15
b log15 − log5= log = log3
x = -0.106 5
e e x +5 = 13 x2
c 2log x − 5log y = log x 2 − log y 5 = log
log e x +5 = log13 y5
(x + 5)log e = log13 d 8log5 x + 2log5 y =log5 x 8 + log5 y 2
log13
x +5 = = log5 x 8y 2
log e
1
log13 1 1 1
=x −5 e ln x + ln y + ln z =ln x + ln y 2 + ln z
log e 2 2 2
x = -2.44 1
= ln x y z
f 2e 6 x +8
= 10 2
e6 x + 8 = 5 f 4ln x − 3ln y − 2ln z = ln x 4 − ln y 3 − ln z 2
log e6 x + 8 = log5 x4
= ln
(6 x + 8)log e = log5 y 3z2
log5 8 a ln ab =ln a + ln b =p+q
6x + 8 =
log e
b =
ln a3 3ln
= a 3p
log5
−8
log e c ln a2b3 = ln a2 + ln b3 = 2ln a + 3ln b
x =
6 = 2 p + 3q
x = -1.07
b5
d ln = ln b5 − ln a4 = 5ln b − 4ln a
g 4e6 x + 9 − 3 =
30 a4
4e6 x + 9 = 33 = 5q − 4 p
33 log17
e6 x + 9 = 9 a log
4 = 3 17 = 2.58
log3
33
log e6 x + 9 = log log0.5
4 b log
= 5 0.5 = -2.32
log5
33
(6 x + 9)log e = log
4 log200
c log
= 8 200 = 2.55
33 log8
log
4 −9 10 1.02, 5.65
log e
x =
6
x = -1.15

© Oxford University Press 2019 16

 Worked solutions

11 a (x 2 + 8)' 2x
e (ln(x 2 + 8))'
= =
(x 2 + 8) (x 2 + 8)
9e x + 1
f ( )'
2e x + 1
(9e x + 1)'(2e x + 1) − (9e x + 1)(2e x + 1)'
=
(2e x + 1)2
9e x 2e x + 9e x − 9e x 2e x − 2e x
=
(2e x + 1)2
7e x
=
(2e x + 1)2

3x − 2 ' (3x − 2)'

g (ln 3x −=
2)' =
3x − 2 2( 3x − 2)2
3
=
2(3x − 2)
b x=0 ex
c Vertical stretch of scale factor 5 and a h (e x =
ln x )' e x ln x +
x
vertical translation of 2 units down. 2

12 a 16 f (x ) = 4 xe x −1

2 2
4e x −1 + 4 xe x
f '(x ) = −1
(x 2 − 1)'
2 2
= 4e x −1
+ 8 x 2e x −1

At point (1, 4) the tangent has gradient

f '(1) = 4 + 8 = 12 so the normal has
1
gradient − .
12
Therefore the equation of the normal is
−1
4
y −= (x − 1)
12
12y − 48 =− x + 1
x + 12y − 49 = 0
b x=2 17 f (x=
) x 2 + ln x
c A reflection in the y-axis and a 1
horizontal translation of 2 units to the f '(x
= ) 2x +
x
right.
1 9
d x=1 f '(2) = 4 + = = 4.5
2 2
13 f (x ) = 2x
18 a t = 30e0.032⋅0 =
0 ⇒ P(0) = 30e0 =
30
−x
g(x ) = -(2 ) - 2 Hence the population in 2020 is 30000.
14 f (x ) = ln x b t = 30e0.032⋅5 =
5 ⇒ P(5) = 35.205
g(x ) 3ln(x + 5)
= Hence the population in 2025 is
7 35205.
15 a (8e x + 7ln x )' =
8e x +
x c P(t ) 30
= = e0.032⋅t 40
b= 3x
(e )' (3
= x )' e 3e 3x 3x
40 4
e0.032
= =⋅t

x 30 3
c (x ln x − x )'= ln x + −1
x 4
0.032 ⋅ t = ln
= ln x + 1 − 1= ln x 3
4
2
(e6 x +5 x )' e6 x
d=
2
+5 x
(6 x 2 + 5x )' ln
=t = 9 3
2 0.032
= (12 x + 5)e6 x +5 x

The population is expected to reach

40000 in 2029.

© Oxford University Press 2019 17

 Worked solutions

19 V (t ) 150000
= = e0.05875t 200000 f (5) 3ln3 + 1
= M1
200000 4 y − (3ln3 + 1) = x − 5 A1
e0.05875t
= =
(or y =+
x 3ln3 − 4 )
150000 3
4
0.05875t = ln 25 a log2 3x − log2 ( x − 3) A1
3
4 3x
ln log2 A1
=t = 8 3 x −3
0.05875
ln x 3 − ln ( x − 1) + ln e
2
Hence the predicted year is 2028. b A1A1A1

20 f (t ) = 500(0.75)t ex 3
ln A1
( x − 1)
2
f (24) = 500(0.75)24
f (24) = 0.502 26 a i T5 = 73.205 thousand taxis
21 a  A1 M1A1

b −2 A1 ii Tn= 100 ⇒ n= 9 M1

c 12 A1 2019 A1
d y < 16 A1 b P10 = 2.1873705... M1A1
e x > −2 A1 2.187 million people A1
f y = 16 A1 P5 × 10 6
c i = 28.4 people per taxi
22 a N ( 0 ) = 35 A1 T5 × 103
b N ( 4 ) = 410 M1A1 M1A1
c N ( t ) > 1000
6
M1 P10 × 10
ii = 18.6 people per taxi
T10 × 103
t > 5.449... A1
A1
d 0 ≤ t < 5.45 A1
d The model predicts a reduction of the
23 a number of people per taxi which may
mean that the taxis are in use for less
hours or less taxis are used everyday.
R1
27 a For example, for x = e M1

( )
ln x 2 =
ln e2 = ( )
2 ≠ (ln e ) =
1
2

A1R1
b (ln x ) − ln ( x ) − 15 =
2 2
0

⇒ (ln x ) − 2ln ( x ) − 15 =
2
0 M1
(ln x − 5) (ln x + 3) =
0 M1
ln x −=5 0,ln x += 3 0
A1 shape A1 domain ln x = 5,ln x = −3 A1
b T (6=
) 25 + e0.4×6 =x e=
,x e 5 −3
A1A1
36.1 (1 d.p.) A1 28 a i T ( 0 ) = 94 ⇒ 25 + a = 94 M1
c Solve 25 + e0.4t =
100 M1
a = 69 A1
t = 10.793... A1
ii T (20 ) = 29
10 hours 47 minutes 37 seconds A1
24 a x >2 A1 ⇒ 25 + 69e20b =
29 M1
b x =2 A1 b = −0.142 (3 s.f.) A1
1
T (30 ) = 26.0 (3 s.f.)
−
c 3ln ( x − 2 ) + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 + e 3
M1A1 b M1A1
3 c y = 25 A1
d f ′(x) = A1
x −2 d The temperature of the room. R1
3 dT
f '(x ) =1 ⇒ =1 ⇒ x = 5 e = −9.82...e−0.142...t M1A1
x −2 dt
M1
© Oxford University Press 2019 18
 Worked solutions

d2T
f = 1.398...e−0.142...t M1A1
dt 2
g The rate of change is always negative
which means the temperature is
decreasing; as the second derivative is
always positive, the temperature will
not have a minimum but will approach
the value 25 given by the horizontal
asymptote. A2
−1
3 2
29 a i f (0
= )  2  2 2
+=
3
 
= 2.67 (3 s.f) M1A1
ii (2.67, 0) A1
y −1
3
b x  
= +2 M1
2
y −1
3
  = x −2 M1
2
y log3 ( x − 2 ) + 1
= M1A1
2

g (=
x ) log3 ( x − 2 ) + 1
2

c i y =2 A1
ii x =1 A1
d x >1 A1
e Use GDC solver or intersection of
graphs M1
x = 2.16 A1
30 a log2 4 + log2 (15) − log2 (5)
f ( 4) =
M1
4 × 15
= log
= 2 log2 12 A1AG
5
b f ( x ) = log2 x + log2 ( x − 1) ( x + 1)

− log2 ( x + 1) M1

x ( x − 1) ( x + 1)
f ( x ) = log2 M1A1
x +1
f ( x ) log2 x ( x − 1)
= M1

f ( x ) log2 x 2 − x
= ( ) AG

© Oxford University Press 2019 19

 Worked solutions

10 From approximation to generalization:

integration
Skills Check
(x)
3
4
11 f = x3 x 4
=
1 a 30 × 60 = 1800 cm 2

1 4 74
b 0.5 × 4 × 9 = 18 m2 F ( x=
)
3
+1
x 4 + C= x +C
3
+1 7
c 0.5 × 42 × π = 8π mm2 4

2 a 3x 2 + 15x b x 2 − 25 1
12 f (=
x)
−1
= x 7
7
x
c 9x 2 + 6 x + 1 d 2x 2 − 9x − 5
1 7 67
F ( x=
) − 1 +1
1 4
x 7 + C= x +C
3 a x3 b x7 − 17 + 1 6
1 2
c (2 x + 5) 2 d ( x − 3) 3
Exercise 10B
Note: throughout this chapter, C denotes an
arbitrary constant. 1 1 5
1 ∫x
4
dx= x 4 +1 + C= x +C
4 +1 5
Exercise 10A 2 ∫ (6 x )
2
+ 4 x + 5 dx  
1 1 11
1 F (=
x) x10 +1 +=
C x +C = 6 ∫ x 2 dx + 4 ∫ x dx + 5 ∫ dx
10 + 1 11
= 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 5x + C
1 1
2 ) 5 + 1 x 5+1 + C= 6 x 6 + C
F ( x=
3 ∫ (15t )
4
+ 12t 3 + 2t + 5 dt
1 1 26
3 F (=
x) x 25 +1 +=
C x +C = 15∫ t 4 dt + 12∫ t 3 dt + 2∫ t dt + 5∫ dt
25 + 1 26
= 3t 5 + 3t 4 + t 2 + 5t + C
1 1
4 F (x) = x −6 +1 + C =− x −5 + C
−6 + 1 5 4 ∫ 8 d=
x 8x + C

1 1 1 −6 1
5 x)
f (= = x −8 5 ∫u ∫ u du =− 6 u + C =− 6u6 + C
−7
du =
x8 7

1 2 1 −4 1
F (x)
= x −8 +1 + C
−8 + 1
6 ∫x 5
dx =2∫ x −5 dx =−
2
x +C =−
2x 4
+C
1 1
=− x −7 + C = − +C 7 ∫ (w )
3
+ 3 w dw
7 7x 7
1 1 4 3 34
f (=
x)
1
6 x −2 ∫w dw + ∫ w 3 dw =
3
= w + w +C
x2 4 4
1 1
∫ (4 )
1

F (x) = x −2 +1 + C =− +C 8 = 4 ∫ x 2 dx + 3 ∫ dx
x + 3 dx
−2 + 1 x
8 23
1 3 53 = x + 3x + C
F ( x=
)
2 +1
7 x 3 + C= x +C 3
2
3
+1 5
5 9 149
∫ ∫=
9
1 1
+1 10 10 9 x 5 dx
= x dx9
x +C
F (=
x) 14
11
8 x 10 += C x +C
1
+ 1 11
10 ∫ du= u + C
10

1 4 34
F ( x=
) − 1 +1
9 x 4 + C= x +C 3
− 14 + 1 3 11 a f ( x ) = x5 + = x 5 + 3x −2
x2
10 f (=
x)
1
x x2
= 6
f '(x ) =5x 4 − 6 x −3 =5x 4 −
1 2 23 x3
F ( x=
)
1 +1
x 2 + C= x +C
1
+1 3  3 
b ∫  x  dx = ∫ x dx + 3 ∫ x dx
2 5 5 −2
+
x2 

1 6 x6 3
= x − 3x −1 + C = − +C
6 6 x

© Oxford University Press 2019 Worked solutions 1

 Worked solutions

p 2 1 1
12 ∫ (3x ) 3 ∫ 10x + 13= ln (10 x + 13) + C
2
+ px + q dx = x 3 + x + qx + C dx
2 10
= x 3 + 8x 2 + 7x + C 1
4 ∫e
−4 x + 3
− e−4 x +3 + C
dx =
So comparing the coefficients, 4
p 4
4∫ (5x + 1) = ( 5x + 1) + C
3 4
= 8 ⇒ p = 16 5 dx
2 5⋅4
q=7 1
(5x + 1) + C
4
=
5
Exercise 10C 2 2
6 ∫ 3x + 8=
dx ln (3x + 8 ) + C
6 1 3
1 ∫ =
x
dx 6 ∫ =
x
dx 6 ln x + c
3
7 ∫ 3e
4 −2 x
− e4 − 2 x + C
dx =
2
2 ∫ 5e du 5 ∫ e =
u u u
= du 5e + C
7
∫ 7 (2 x − 9 ) = (2 x − 9 ) + C
4 5
1 1 1 1 8 dx
3 ∫ 2x=dx
2∫x
= dx
2
ln x + C 2 ⋅5
7
( 2x − 9) + C
5
ex 1 1 x =
4 ∫ 3= dx
3∫
e x=
dx
3
e +C 10
1
dx ∫ ( 4 x + 3 )
−2

∫ (3x + 2 ) ∫ (9x ) 9 ∫ ( 4x + 3)= dx

2
5 dx= 2
+ 12 x + 4 dx 2

= 9∫ x 2 dx + 12∫ x dx + 4∫ dx
1
− ( 4 x + 3) + C
−1
=
= 3x 3 + 6 x 2 + 4 x + C 4
1 2 1
∫ ln ( e ) dx= ∫ ( x + 1) dx= ∫ (2x + 1) = ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
1 4
6 x +1
x + x +C 10 dx 3

2 4
⋅2
3

7 ∫ t ( t + 3 ) dt = ∫ ( t )
2 3
+ 3t 2 dt 3
( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
4

=
1 4 8
∫t dt + 3∫ t 2 dt=
3
= t + t3 + C
4  8  8
11 ∫  e5 x + ∫ e dx + ∫ 5 x − 3 dx
 dx =
5x

3 2  5x − 3 
ln(3 x )
8 ∫e dx 3∫ x=
= dx
2
x +C
1 5x 8
= e + ln (5x − 3) + C
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 x 5 5
9 ∫ ∫ (x )
3
dx= + 3 x + 2 dx
x 1
∫ ( 4x + 7)
− 13
12 ∫ 3
4x + 7
=dx dx
= ∫ x 3 dx + 3 ∫ x d x + 2 ∫ d x
1 4 3 2 1 3
( 4x + 7) 3 + C= 8 ( 4x + 7) 3 + C
2 2

= x + x + 2x + C =
4 2 4 ⋅ 23
eu − 4 1 u 13 a Using the chain rule,
10 ∫ =
2
du
2∫
e du − 2 ∫ du
f '(x) =
5 ⋅ 3 (3x + 10 ) =
15 (3x + 10 )
4 4

1 u
= e − 2u + C 1
∫ (3x + 10) (3x + 10) + C
5 6
2 b d=
x
3⋅6
1
( 3x + 10 ) + C
6
Exercise 10D =
18
1
∫ (7 x − 5) = ( 7 x − 5) + C
4 5
1 dx
(x) (12x + 7)
−1
7 ⋅5 14 a f=
1 Using the chain rule,
(7 x − 5) + C
5
=
35
−12 (12 x + 7 )
f '(x) =
−2

1
∫ ( −3x + 7) ( −3x + 7) + C
6 7
2 dx =− 1 1
3⋅7 ln (12 x + 7 ) + C
b ∫ 12x =
+7
dx
12
1
( −3x + 7) + C
7
=−
21

© Oxford University Press 2019 2

 Worked solutions

Exercise 10E 3
9π
3 a A =∫ 9 − x 2 dx =
h ( t )= ∫ (6t ) 2
2
1 + 1 dt= 2t 3 + t + C −3

π (3)
2
h (2 ) =18 + C =8⇒C =−10 π r2 9π
b=
A = =
∴ h ( t )= 2t + t − 10
3 2 2 2
6
x 
y (x) = 4 a A =∫  + 3  dx =24
∫ 8 (2 x − 3) (2 x − 3)
3 4
2 dx = +C
03 
y (2 ) = 6 = C + 1 ⇒ C = 5 a + b 3 + 5
b A =
= h  =  ( 6 ) 24
∴ y (x) = 2  2 
(2 x − 3)  
4
+5
5 25π
3 a (t )
v= ∫ a (t=
) dt ∫ ( 4t + 1) dt 5 a A= ∫
0
25 − x 2 dx =
4
= 2t 2 + t + C 1 2 1 25π
(5 )
2
b
= A = πr π=
v (0) = 2 = C ⇒ C = 2 4 4 4

∴ v ( t )= 2t 2 + t + 2
4
6
= a A ∫=
| x | dx 16
dt ∫ (2t )
−4
b s (=
t) ∫ v (t ) =
2
+ t + 2 dt
bh
b A=2⋅ =bh =4 ( 4 ) =16
2 3 1 2 2
= t + t + 2t + C1
3 2
s ( 0 ) =8 =C1 ⇒ C1 =8 Exercise 10G
2 3 1 2 a + b 3 + 2 15
∴ s (t ) = t + t + 2t + 8 1 Geometric: =
  h =  (3)
3 2  2   2  2
dv Integration:
4 a (t )
a= = 8e2t + 1
dt 2 3 3
 3x 2 
∴ a (3) =8e + 1 6
∫ 3dx +
0
∫ (9 − 3x ) dx =6 + 9x −
2  2 2

2
t  27  15
b s ( t )= ∫ ( 4e )
2t
+ t dt = 2e2t + +C =6+ − 12  =
2  2  2
s (0) = 4 = 2 + C ⇒ C = 2 1 1
2 Geometric: − − (2 ) (3) =
bh = −3
t 2
2 2
∴ s ( t )= 2e2t + +2
2 Integration:

f ( x ) dx ∫
4 5
1
5 f (x)
= ∫= dx ∫ (9 − 3x ) dx + ∫ (3x − 15) dx
8x − 7 3 4
4 5
1  3x   3x 2
2

= ln ( 8 x − 7 ) + C =9 x −  + − 15x 
8 2 2
 3  4
7e 7e 27   75
f (1) = = ln1 + C = C ⇒ C = 
= 12 −

− ( −36 )  =−3
8 8  + −
 2   2 
7e
∴ f ( x=
) ln (8x − 7) + 8 15 1 21
3 Geometric: − 3 + (2 ) ( 6 ) =
2 2 2
Integration:
Exercise 10F
7 3 5 7

2x
a A ∫=
1= dx 12
6
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx
0 0 3 5
0 3 7
7
15 9  3x 2

b=A
1
= bh
1
) ( 4) 12
(6=
=
2
−3+ ∫ (3x − 15) dx =
5
+
2  2
− 15x 
5
2 2
21
2 =
2
2 =
a A ∫=
5 dx
−1
15

b = = 3 (=
A bh 5) 15

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

 Worked solutions

6 4
1  5
∫1  2 f ( x ) − g ( x )  dx
4
4 3 ∫ u du = 5ln u 
3
3
= 5ln 4 − 5ln3 = 5ln 34

6 6 2
1
∫ (3x )
2
f ( x ) dx − ∫ g ( x ) dx
2 ∫1
= 4 2
+ 4 x − 2 dx =  x 3 + 2 x 2 − 2 x 
−1
1 −1

1 = 12 − 3 = 9
= ( −4 ) − 6 =−8
2 2 2
 4   4 
1 10 5 ∫  x + 1  dx =  − + x  = 0 − ( −3) = 3
∫ f ( x ) dx =
− ∫ f ( x ) dx =
2
5 −12 1   x 1
10 1
3 3
1  1  1  1 4
10 6
g ( x ) dx ∫ g ( x ) dx + ∫ g ( x ) dx
10 6 ∫ dx = − 2
=− − −  =
∫=
3
6 1 x  2 x 1 18  2  9
1 1 6
16

( )
16 16
1 1  − 14 1  4 34 2 23 
=6 + 14 =20 7 ∫  14 − t  dt = ∫ t − t dt =  t − t 
2 2

6 0 t  0 3 3 0
7 ∫ g ( x ) dx = 0
6
32 128
=− −32
=
3 3
10 10 6
8 f ( x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx − ∫ f ( x ) dx
∫= e5
1 e5
6 1 1 8 ∫x dx = ln x  e2 = 5 − 2 = 3
e2
= 12 − ( −4 )= 16
2 2
 x3 
7 10 9 a (
A =∫ − x 2 + 2 x dx = − )
+ x2 
9 ∫ f ( x + 3) d=
−2
x ∫ f (x) d
= x
1
12 0  3 0
8 4
12
1  1
10 =− +4=
∫  g ( x − 2 )  dx = g ( x ) dx 3 3
2 ∫1
10
3  2  2
2
1  1 1 1
1 b A =∫ dx =  −  =− − ( −1) =
= =
2
(20) 10 1 x2  x 1 2 2
4 4
10 a ∫ 2f ( =
x ) dx 2∫ f ( =
x ) dx 2=
(10) 20
10 10

∫ ( f ( x ) + 4) d=
x ∫ f ( x ) dx + 4 x 
10
11 1 0 0
1 1
4 4 4
= 12 + ( 40 − 4 ) = 48 b ∫ (2f ( x ) + x )=
0
dx ∫ 2f ( x ) dx + ∫ x dx
0 0
3 3
1 1 1
∫−3 2 f (=
x ) dx
2 −∫3
f (=
x ) dx (20) 10 4
12 a =  x2 
2 20 +   =
= 28
3 3 1
 2 0
b f ( x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx − ∫ f ( x ) dx
∫= 2
1 −3 −3 11 a ∫ x=
dx 2ln x + C
= 20 − 6 = 14 k
2 k
b ∫ x=
2
b b−4 dx 2ln =
x 2 2ln
= k
ln
= k
ln 9
∫ f ( x − 4)= f ( x )=
2 4
c
a
dx ∫
a− 4
dx 20 2

k2
So a possible pair of values ∴
4
=9 ⇒ k =6 (k > 0)
for a and b is
b−4=3⇒ b =7
Exercise 10I
a − 4 =−3 ⇒ a =1
4 4
1 1 1
3
1 ∫1 4x − 2 = ) 4 ln7
dx  ln ( 4 x − 2=
d ∫ ( f ( x ) + k ) dx =
−3
20 + 6k = 32 ⇒ k = 2  4 1
1 1
1 3 1 1
2 ∫ (2t − 1)
2
t  (2t − 1) =
d=
6 6
1 − ( −1=
) 3 ( )
Exercise 10H 0  0
3 2 2
1 +4  1 10
( )
3
1 ∫ 6 x dx = 3x  −2 = 27 − 12 = 15 3 ∫−1 e =
2 3x + 4
dx  e3 x=  e −e
−2 3  −1 3
4 4
ex  ex  e4 − e
2 ∫1 =
2
dx = 
 2 1 2

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

 Worked solutions

2 2
 2k + 1 
4 ∫ ( x + 2) ( x − 1) dx= ∫ ( x + x − 2) dx ⇒ ln  2ln3 = ln 9
2
=
0 0  3 
2 2k + 1
 x3 x2  8 2 ⇒ = 9 ⇒ k = 13
=  + − 2x  = +2−4 = 3
 3 2 0 3 3
2 2
Exercise 10J
∫ (3x − 3) dx = 27∫ ( x − 1) dx
3 3
5
1 1 1
2

(
= 27∫ x 3 − 3x 2 + 3x − 1 dx )
1

2
 x4 3x 2 
= 27  − x3 + − x
4 2 1
  1   27
= 27  0 −  − =

  4  4
4 4

∫ ( 4x + 9)
1

6 ∫ 4 x + 9dx = dx
2

0 0

4
 1 3 

= 3 ( 4x + 9) 2 
 2 ⋅ 4  0

=
1
6
3

( 3
252 − 9 2=
1
6
49
(125 − 27=) 3 )
2

∫ (e )
2
7 t
et + e−t 
− e − t dt = f ( x )= g ( x ) ⇒ x 2 + 2 x − 3
−2
−2

=( x + 3) ( x − 1) =0⇒x =−3, x =1
(
= e2 + e−2 − e−2 + e2 = 0 ) ( ) 1

∫ ( −2x + 3 − x ) dx
2
∴A=
( ) dt =+
9 9
3 t +2 − 12
3t 4t 
1 9
8 ∫ t
∫ 3 + 2t
dt =
 
2

4
−3
1
4 4
 x3  5 32
=  − x 2 + 3x −  = − ( −9 ) =
= (27 + 12) − (12 + 8) = 19  3  −3 3 3

9 a f (x) =−2 x x 2 − 4 =
0 ( ) 2

⇒x =0 or x =±2
So (0, 0) , ( −2, 0) , (2, 0)
2
b ∫ 2 x ( 4 − x ) dx
2

2 2
c (
∫ 2x 4 − x dx =∫ 8x − 2x dx
2 3
) ( )
0 0

2
 x4 
= 4 x 2 −  =8
 2 0
k
1
10 a ∫ 2 x + 1 dx
1
x 2 − 5x + 4 = 4 ⇒ x ( x − 5) = 0
k
1 1 k
x 0=
or x 5
b ∫ 2x= dx ln (2 x + 1)  =
1 +1 2 1
5

∫ ( 4 − 4 + 5 x − x ) dx
2
A=
1  2k + 1 
= =ln   ln3
0
2  3  5
 5x 2 x 3 
5

(
=∫ 5x − x 2 dx = )− 
0  2 3 0
125
=
6

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

 Worked solutions

3 8

9 The area enclosed is given by the integral

4 4
2  2 
∫1  x − ( −2)  d=
x ∫  x + 2 dx
1

(2ln 4 + 8) − (2)
4
= 2ln x + 2 x =
1
= 4ln2 + 6
⇒p = 4, q = 6

5 x
10 a f (x)= g (x) ⇒ x=
2
 x
∴ x 1 −  = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 4
 2 

∴ ( 0, 0 ) and ( 4,2 )
4
 x
b i ∫ 
0
x −  dx
2

6 4
 x  2 23 x 2  4
4

ii ∫0  x − 
2
d x =  x −
3
 =
4 0 3
k
 x
c i ∫ 
0
x −  dx
2

2 23 k 2
ii k −
3 4
2 23 k 2 2
iii k − = ⇒ k = 1.510 (3d.p.)
3 4 3
7

Exercise 10K

∫ (( x ) ( ) ) dx
0
1 2
− 2 x − 10 x + x 2 − 3x 3
−2

∫ ( (10x + x ) ( ))
2
2
+ − 3x 3 − x 2 − 2 x dx
0

= 24

∫ (( x ) )
1
2 3
− 3x 2 + 3x + 1 − ( x + 1) dx
0

∫ ( ( x + 1) − ( x ))
2
3
+ − 3x 2 + 3x + 1 dx
1

= 0.5

© Oxford University Press 2019 6

 Worked solutions

(( x ) ) dx 8x5 + 4x  2
0
∫
2
3 3
− 2 x − 3xe − x e ∫ ∫  4x
3
−1.51677
= dx +  dx
2x 2 x
(3xe ( ))
1.51677
∫
− x2
+ − x 3 − 2 x dx =x 4 + 2ln x + C
0

≈ 4.65 f ∫ 4e =
x
dx 4e x + C
(( −x ) ( ))
−1.41421
4 ∫
4
+ 16 x 2 − x 4 − 20 x 2 + 64 dx
∫ (6 ) ∫ (6 x )
1
−4
g x + 2 dx = 2
+ 2 dx
(( ) ( ))
1.41421
+ ∫−1.41421
x 4 − 20 x 2 + 64 − − x 4 + 16 x 2 dx 3
= 4x + 2x + C 2

(( −x ) ( ))
4
∫
4
+ + 16 x 2 − x 4 − 20 x 2 + 64 dx
∫ (x ) ( )
1.41421 2
≈ 338 h 2
+ 3 dx = ∫ x 4 + 6 x 2 + 9 dx

x2 x5
5 a f ( x ) =h ( x ) ⇒ − 1 =−3x − 5.5 = + 2x 3 + 9x + C
2 5
( x + 3)
2
⇒ x2 + 6x + 9 = = 0 1
∫ ( 4 x + 5) = ( 4 x + 5) + C
6 7
i dx
⇒x =−3 4⋅7
y =−3 ( −3) − 5.5 =3.5 1
( 4 x + 5) + C
7
=
28
∴ P ( −3,3.5)
6 3 x +2
j ∫ 6e
3 x +2
b The gradient of h is − 3 x
d= e C 2e3 x +2 + C
+=
3
f '(x) =x⇒m=f ' ( −3) =−3 1 1
k ∫ 6 x − 7=
dx ln ( 6 x − 7 ) + C
y − 3.5 =−3 x − ( −3) ( ) 6
y − 3.5 =−3x − 9 3x 2
l ∫ ln ( e )=
dx ∫ 3 x =
3x
dx +C
h (x) =−3x − 5.5 2
3
g ( x ) = h ( x ) ⇒ − x 2 − 1 = −3x − 5.5
3
c 2 a ∫ (6 x − 1) dx = 3x − x 
2
−2
−2
3 3 3
x
= − = (24 − 14 ) = 10
x 2
2 3
3 3 3 20 + 9 3
3
 x3   1  28
b ∫−1 x dx =  3  = 9 −  − 3  = 3
2
y =−  −  − 1 =−
x 2 2
  −1

3 3 3 20 + 9 3  25
3 25
∴Q −
2
,−  c ∫ dx = 6  x  = 6 (5 − 3) = 12
2 2 x  9
  9

⇒ Q ( −1.10, −2.21) e4
5 e4

3 3 3
d ∫=
x
dx 5ln=
x 1 5ln
= e4 20
−  x2  1
d i ∫ 2 2
 − 1 − ( −3x − 5.5)  dx
−3
 2 
0 0

∫ 8 (2 x + 3) dx =(2 x + 3) 
3 4
e
  −2
 x2  −2
( )
0
+ ∫3  − 1 − − x 2 − 1  dx
−
2 2
3 3
 2  = 81 − 1 = 80
5 5
ii 1.81 (2 d.p.)  1 4x  1 20
f ∫3 e=
4x
dx  =
4
e 
3 4
e − e12 ( )
Chapter Review 4 4
3 a ) dx 2∫ f ( x=
∫ 2f (x= ) dx 2=
(10) 20
x9
1 a ∫x
8
d=
x +C 1 1
9 4 4 3

b ∫ (5 x
4 2
)
− 6 x + 7 dx = x − 2 x + 7 x + C 5 3 b ∫=
3
f ( x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx − ∫ f ( x ) dx
1 1

3 10 10
13 = 10 − 6 = 4
∫ ∫ x=
10
c x 3 dx
= dx10
x +C
13 4 4 4

4 1
c ∫ ( f ( x ) + 4) d=
x ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ 4 dx
d ∫x ∫ 4 x dx =
−9
9
dx = − x −8 + C 1 1 1

2
= 10 + 4 x 1 = 10 + (16 − 4 ) = 22
4

1
=
− +C
2x 8

© Oxford University Press 2019 7

 Worked solutions

f (x) = ∫ ( 4x ) ∫ (x ) (x )
1
− ( 3 x − 2 ) dx =
3
4 + 2 dx = x 4 + 2 x + C c 3 3
− 3 x + 2 dx
−2

f (2 ) = 20 + C = 24 ⇒ C = 4  x 4 3x 2 
1
3
=  − + 2x  = − ( −6 )
∴ f ( x ) = x 4 + 2x + 4  4 2  −2 4
0
1 27
5 a − π (4 ) =
∫ f ( x ) dx = −8π 2 = = 6.75
4
−8 2
8
9 a f ′(x) =
(
2 x 2 + 1 − 2x ⋅ 2x )
b | −8π | + ∫ f ( x ) dx =
21π
(x )
2
2
0
+1
8
2 − 2x 2
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx =
13π = M1A1A1
(x )
2
2
0 +1
8 0 8
∴ ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx 2x
( )
−8 −8 0
b ∫x 2
+1
= ln x 2 + 1 + C
dx M1A1A1
=−8π + 13π =
5π
dv
6 f (x) =− x ( x + 4) =0⇒x =−4 or x =0 10 a a= = −3 ms −2 M1A1
dt
0
3t 2
∴ −04∫ − x 2 − 4 x dx =
 x3 
( − + 2x 2 ) b s (t ) =
∫ ( 40 − 3t ) d t =
−
2
+ C M1A1´
3  −4
( −4)
3
3
=0 + + 2 ( −4 )
2
) 10 ⇒ −
s (1= + C= 10
3 2
64 32 1
= 32 − = ⇒C =
11 M1
3 3 2
7 a Lines intersect at x = −2.2808, 2.4765 3t 2 1 23 − 3t 2
and 9.7467 s (t ) =
− + 11 or s ( t ) =
2 2 2
(0.5 e + 1 − ( x − 5x )) dx
2.4765
∫
x 4 2
−2.2808
A1

( x − 5x − (0.5 e + 1)) dx 2×2

9.7467
+∫ 4 2 x
11 a i Aregion
= 1 = 2 M1A1
2.4765
2
= 7530.19
2×3
≈ 7530 ii Aregion
= 2 = 3 A1
2
b Lines intersect at x = −2, 0 and 3
b Aregion3 = 3 − 2 = 1 A1
∫ (x ) ) dx (
0
3
− 9 x − x 2 − 3x
−2
12 a Use GDC to obtain value of definite
+ ∫ ( x − 3 x − ( x − 9 x ) ) dx
3
2 3 integral M1
0
1
253 e ( x ) dx
= = 21.1
12
=A ∫=
0
1.1202 A2

8 a= (1) 1
y f= b i 2.24 (3 s.f.) A1
2 1
f ' ( x ) =3x 2 ⇒ f ' (1) =3 ii ∫ 2e ( x − 1)=
dx 2∫ e ( x )=
dx 2.24
∴ y − 1 = 3 ( x − 1) ⇒ y = 3x − 2
1 0

2.24 (3 s.f.) M1A1

b 3
x= 3x − 2 13 a x = 0, x = ±1 A1A1
3
⇒ x − 3x + 2 = ( x − 1) ( x 2
+ x −2 ) b Either:

= ( x − 1)
2
( x + 2) = 0 ( )
f ′ ( x ) =1 ⋅ x 2 − 1 + 2 x 2 =3x 2 − 1 M1A1
∴x =−2 Or:
y =3 ( −2 ) − 2 =−8 f ( x=
) x3 − x M1
∴ ( −2, −8 )
f ′ (=
x ) 3x 2 − 1 A1

1
c f ′(x) =0⇒x =± =±0.577 M1A1
3

© Oxford University Press 2019 8

 Worked solutions

1 b 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.10 A1
d ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0
−1
M1A1
0.1011
c m
= = 0.0202... M1
e The function changes sign in the 5
interval  −1,1 R1 AB contains the origin R1
1 y = 0.0202 x A1
f ∫ f (x)
−1
dx = 0.5 M1A1
d f ′ ( x ) =3e −x
(
+ 3x −e −x
) =(3 − 3x ) e −x

14 a f (1) = 12 = 3 − 2 × 1 = g (1) M1A1 M1A1AG

f ′ ( x ) 0.0202...
e Solve = = ⇒ x 0.98201...
f ( −3) =( −3) =3 + 2 × ( −3) =g ( −3)
2

M1A1
A1
1
f ( 0.98201...) = 1.10345... A1
1
 x3 
b ∫( )
3 − 2 x − x dx = 3x − x 2 −
2

2  −3 = 0.020 ( x − 0.982 )
y − 1.10 A1
−3 
f Use of GDC to calculate M1
M1A1A1 5

∫ 3 xe
x
− 0.020 x dx =
2.63 A2
 1  27  0
=  3 − 1 −  −  −9 − 9 + = 6 A1
 2  2  18 a

( x − 2)
4
15 a

= x 4 + 4 × ( −2 ) x 3 + 6 × ( −2 ) x 2
2

+ 4 × ( −2 ) x + ( −2 )
3 4
M1A1A1

=x 4 − 8 x 3 + 24 x 2 − 32 x + 16 b

∫ ( x − 2 ) dx
4
b

∫x
4
= − 8 x 3 + 24 x 2 − 32 x + 16 dx

M1
5
x
= − 2 x 4 + 8 x 3 − 16 x 2 + 16 x + C
5
A1A1
16 Use GDC to obtain graph of y = x A1 for shape; A1 for domain
M1A1 c Either:
Attempt to calculate area of both triangles 1 7 1 1 21 1
M1 A =0× + × +3× + ×
2 8 2 2 8 2
2
1×2 2×2 13
∫ x dx = + = 2.5 A1AG = =( 3.75)
−1 2 2 4
17 a M1A1A1

A1 for shape; A1 for domain; A1 for

end-points coordinates; A1 for
maximum point and its coordinates.

© Oxford University Press 2019 9

 Worked solutions

Or:
7 1 1 21 1 1
× + 3× +
A= × +0×
8 2 2 8 2 2
13
= =( 3.75)
4
M1A1A1

2
2  x4 
b ∫
0
4 x − x 3 dx = 2 x 2 −

 =8−4 =4
4 0
M1A1A1A1
2
c ∫ f ( x ) dx = 8 A1
−2

The graph of y = f ( x ) is symmetric

with respect to y − axis. R1

© Oxford University Press 2019 10