UNIT 5 INVENTIONS

PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS

1. Vocabulary
generous (adj): rộnglượng
screen (n): mànhình
portable (adj): di động
economical (adj): hữuhiệu, tiếtkiệm
versatile (adj): đanăng
definitely (adv): rõràng
invention (n): phátminh
wisely (adv): mộtcáchsángsuốt
access (n): sựtruycập
bulky (adj): to lớn
handheld (adj): cầmtay
device (n): thiếtbị
laptop (n): máytínhxáchtay
processor (n):
bộxửlýtrongmáytính
inspire (v): truyềncảmhứng
inspiration (n): nguồncảmhứng
imitate (v): bắtchước, môphỏng
submarine (n): tàungầm
undersea (adj): dướimặtbiển
fabric (n): vải (may)
fastener (n): khóa (quần, áo)
hook-and-loop fastener (n): khóadính
(gồm2miếngdínhlạivớinhau)
spacesuit (n): đồ du hànhvũtrụ
printer (n): máy in
charge (n/v): nạp (sạc) điện
congestion (n): sựtắcnghẽn
collapse (v): gấplại
collapsible (adj): cóthểgấplại
consumption (n): sựtiêuthụ
speed (n): tốcđộ
speaker (n): loa
máychếbiến, earbud (n): tai nghenhỏ
incubator (n): lồngnuôitrẻemđẻ non
instant (adj): liền, ngaylậptức
patent (v/n): cấpbàngsángchế/ bằngsángchế
biodiesel (n): nhiênliệusinhhọc
palm (n): câycọ

2. Grammar
2.1. The present perfect tense: thìhỉệntạihoànthành
2.1.1 Form:
+) S + has/have + past participle
He has done his homework.
-) S + has/have not + past participle
I have not done my homework.
?) Has/Have + S + past participle?
Have you done your homework?
*) Note:
Past participle (quákhứphântừ): nếulàđộngtừcóquytắc ta thêm -edvàosauđộngtừ (V-ed),
nếulàđộngbấtquytắc ta xem ở cộtthứ 3 trongbảngđộngtừbấtquytắc (V-3).
e g. He has worked. (V-ed)
They have left. (V-3)
+) haven’t = have not, hasn’t = has not
2.1.2. Use:
Thìhiệntạihoànthànhdiễntả:
+)Sựviệcdiễnratrướchiệntạinhưngthờigiancủasựviệckhôngđượcđềcậphoặckhôngrõràng
(quákhứkhôngxácđịnh).
e.g. They have visited Thailand.
(HọđãthămThái Lan)
She has met him before.
(Côấyđãgặpanhấytrướcđây)
*) Note:
Cáctrạngtừthườngdùngtrongtrườnghợpnày: ever, never, before, up to now, up to the present, still, till
now, so far, recently, just.
+Kếtquảcủasựviệcbắtđầutrongquákhứtínhđếnthờiđiểmhiệntại.
Eg: I have lived here for 5 years.
(Mìnhđãsống ở đâyđược 5 năm)
She has worked for 2 companies since she graduated from university.
(Chịấyđãlàmviệccho 2 công ty từlúcchịấytốtnghiệpđạihọc)
*) Note:
+ For + khoảngthờigian: for 3 days, for 5 weeks, for the last week
+ Since + mốcthờigian: since last week, since Monday, since her childhood, since they moved,..
+ Last week vs. for the last week, last year vs. for the last 2 years,...
e.g. She arrived in London last week.
(Côấyđãđến London tuầntrước)
He has been ill for the last week.
(Cậuấyốmcảtuần qua)
+ Khoảngthờigianvẫnchưakếtthúc.
e.g. Now it is 9 a.m. I’ve written a rough plan this morning.
(Bâygiờlà 9 giờsáng. Mìnhđãviếtxongbảnphácthảosáng nay)
*) Note:
Cáctrạngtừthườngdùngtrongtrườnghợpnày: today, this morning, this week...

2.2. Gerunds and infinitives: danhđộngtừvàđộngtừnguyênthể

2.2.1.Form:
Gerunds: V-ing learning,working,relaxing, entertaining
Infinitives: to V tolearn,towork,torelax, to entertain
2.2.2. Use.
+ Đểchỉmụcđích ta cóthểdùng to infinitive hoặc for + V-ing
E.g: I find a partner to practice English.
(MìnhtìmmộtbạnđểthựchànhTiếng Anh)
Computers are used for controlling manufacture.
(Máytínhđượcdùngđểđiềukhiểnsảnxuất)

3. Pronunciation
Stress patterns: compound nouns and noun phrases
blackbird: chimsáo black bird: con chimmàuđen
3.1. Compound nouns (danhtừghép):
Danhtừghéplàsựkếthợp 2 từthànhmộttừmangnghĩachungvàhaitừthườngđượcviếtliềnnhau.
Đốivớidanhtừghép, trọngâmđượcnhấnvàotừđầutiên.
Listen and repeat (Track 19):
food processor, birthday, blackbird, smartphone, blackboard, gateway, guidebook, airport
3.2. Noun phrases (cụmdanhtừ):
+ Cụmdanhtừlàcụmtừgồmhaitừtrởlên, mỗitừmangnghĩariêngbiệtvàkhôngđượcviếtliềnnhau.
Đổivớicụmdanhtừ, trọngâmđượcnhấnvàochữsaucùnglàdanhtừchính, (cụmdanhtừthườnggồm: tínhtừ
+ danhtừ) 
Listen and repeat (Track 20):
tall boy, digital camera, solar charge, green house, black bird, white board, good processor, bulky
screen
 PART II. PRACTICE
2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Sarah ___________(collect) plenty of information for theassignment recently.
2.The lives of Vietnamese farmers ___________(change)dramatically since the invention of the
harvesting machine.
3.He ___________(teach) English in this university for3years.
4.That university has not held(not hold) any seminarssince September.
5.His father-in-law ___________(do) research since last year.
6.My classmates and I ___________(just/receive) the resultsof our recent exams.
7. I ___________(read) all the books on the readinglist today, so I have the notes now.
8.This is the longest essay that I ___________(ever/have) towrite.
9. ___________ you ___________(complete) yourassignment yet?
10. I realize that I ___________(not spend) much timeaway from home up to now, but am keen to
become more independent.

4. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.

1. A pair of compasses are used for draw circles
2. He has just bought a pencil case to held his pens and pencils.
3. A correction pen is used for cover writing mistakes.
4.British women overtake British men in Internet usage since 2005.
5.How did your life change over the past ten years?

PART III. TEST YOURSELF

1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
economical chop wisely inventions submarine
contributed versatile earbuds access games

1.They say that it is more convenient when ____________ are used for listening to music without
disturbing other people.
2.This kind of car is very ____________ so we do not have to spend toomuch money on buying
petrol or diesel.
3.The computer is said to be one of the most significant ____________ of human beings.
4.If you use the internet ____________ discover a variety of new things.
5 In our modem life, people have loads of work to do, so theywant to own the very ____________
devices which cando many things.
6. We can use a laptop or a smartphone to get ___________ to the Internet.
7. To feel at ease, some children use a handheld video game device to play computer ________
8.A food processor is normally used to __________ up ormix food.
9.The ___________ which can travel underwater, imitatesa dolphin’s shape.
10.Science and technology have __________ toenvironmental protection and natural preservation.

2. Match each word/phrase on the left with Its description on the right.
 1. bulky + a. the source makes someone want to create something
2. access + b. to copy somebody/something
3. congestion + c. the opportunity or right to use something
4. imitate + d. large and difficult to move or carry
5. inspiration + e. the state of being crowded and full of traffic

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

1.Social networking sites can be used for creating your __________ profile and contacting your
friends. (person)
2.Studies have shown that __________ for inventionsmostly comes from the natural world.
(inspire)
3. Scientists and __________ have observed things in natureto design new products to serve
humans. (invent)
4.Since then, Velcro has gradually become a familiar __________ for shoes, jackets and even
spacesuits. (fasten)
5.This 3-D __________ is used to produce solid objects similar to the originals. (print)
6.Traffic __________ has been considered one of themost serious and urgent problems of our
country. (congest)
7.The petrolc __________ of this type of motorbike isestimated approximately 2 litrers per 100
km. (consume)
8. A digital camera is quite __________ because you do nothave to spend money on rolls of film.
(economy)
9. Some people like a small screen, as it is portable, but the otherones want a __________ one to
watch films conveniently with big images. (bulk)
10. A medical __________ is the invention which is admittedto be really humane. (incubate)
4. Choose the best answer.
1.They try to imitate the wings and shape of animals in nature to produce parts of vehicles. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. irritate B. irrigate C . paste D. copy
2.Paul: “What do you think is the most useful invention in medicine?” - Kate: "______"
A.I don’t think it is useful. B.This is because people use a lot of penicillin.
C.Perhaps it is the discovery of penicillin. D.Just by chance.
3. In order to be taken away and used everywhere, modem inventions have a tendency to be small
and ________.
A.import B.coastal C. airport D. portable
4.Even the best invention may have both ___________ anddrawbacks.
A. benefits B . disadvantage C. advantaged D.benefited
5.“I started working for the Charity Center 5 years ago and now I’m still working here.” has the
closest meaning to:
A.I have started working for the Charity Center 5 years ago.
B.I have started working for the Charity Center for 5 years.
C.I have worked for the Charity Center since 5 years.
D.I have worked for the Charity Center for 5 years.
6.People have used vaccination toprevent diseases ___________ a long time.
A. for B . since C . when D.as
7.Brian has inspired thousands of students across the countrysince he ________ from a pedagogical
university.
A. graduate B . graduating C. graduated D.graduation
8.Jim has stayed at home _________ last week.
A. for B. since C . when D.as
9.Scientists have researched into effective ways to treat thisdisease _______ last year’s epidemic.
A. for B. since C.when D.as
10. This robot is very versatile, as it can be used to perform many different tasks. The underlined
word has the closest meaningto:
A. multipurpose B. limited C. inflexible D. purposeless
11. This athlete__________ a number of international awardssince 1990.
A wins B. won C.has won D.havewon
12.The Internet has changed the way we purchase, interact andresearch since it ________
A. invent B. was invented C. invented D. be invented
13.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. blackbird B. solar charger C. alarm clock D. smartphone
14.Our hen _______ for nearly 10 days, so we have noeggs in our fridge now.
A. did not lay B. has not laid C. have not lain D. has not lay
15.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. gateway B. good processor C. airport D. pencil case
16.Morethan40patternsonsiliconsurfaces _________ with that paintbrush so far.
A. printed B . were printedC.have printed D. have been printed
17.Choose the answer which needs correcting.
A number(A) of students registered(B) this course(C) since last September (D).
18.Choose the answer which needs correcting.
They participated(A) in social(B) activities at the(C) castle for the past few(D) years.
19.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. green house B . solar charger C.bulky screen D. food processor
20.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. birthday B . guidebook C.television set D. electronic book

5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.

1. storing / A / can / hard disk / used / a / for / information / be / in /computer.

2. computer / We / a / install / modem / a / surf / the / to / Internet. / for

3.pages / How / typed / many / ? / you / have

4.phoned / Sam / 2 months. / has / her / the past / not / for / parents

5.achievements / Scientists / in / have / great / technology / made / and / information /.

6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Awesome inventions changing our lives

Used by the ancient Egyptians as much as 3000 years ago, the condom was ______ (1) invented in
1640 by Italian gyne-cologist Gabriele Falloppio. It was originally intended ______ (2)the spread of
disease, but from about the 1960s on, their usage to prevent pregnancy has been touted. Now, these
marvels of inventionare commonplace and used on a _______ (3) basis for bothpurposes. While it
may not be pretty to look at or fun to think about, the condom is a very ingenious invention,
especially when oneconsiders how many lives ________ (4) by the use ofcondoms.
What did man (or woman) do before the invention of the umbrella? Most likely, get wet every time
it rained. Originally conceived in Mesopotamia in 3400 BC to be used as a sunshade, the umbrella
became a fashion ________ (5) in the 1700s. Theactual first steel-ribbed umbrella that was used by
both men and women was invented in 1852 by Samuel Fox of Britain. So every time you open your
umbrella, remember to mentally thank Mr. Fox _______ (6) to keep you dry! Now if only
someonecould invent an umbrella that didn’t turn inside out on a windy day...
Not now, honey, I've got a headache! Before 1899, women might havebeen able to use that excuse,
but not after the ________ (7)of the aspirin that year by German chemist Felix Hoffman. Although
Hippocrates had used acetylsalicylic acid to treat fevers and gout in ancient Greece, it wasn’t until
Hoffman’s invention thatthe medicine ________ (8) under its familiar tradename, Aspirin. Hoffman
originally invented aspirin to help treat his father’s arthritis. Today it’s used to treat everything from
minoraches and pains to heart _______(9). Hoffman would beproud of his nifty little invention
that’s actually saved lives!
What would women do without the invention of the bra? Most likely the entire fashion world would
be different, as clothing would have to accommodate droopy, flopping breasts. Thankfully, the bra
_________ (10) by New York socialite Mary PhelpsJacob in 1913 as an alternative to unsightly
corsets that were Visible under sheer clothing. Today, women spend about $16 billion each year on
bras worldwide. Thank you, Ms. Jacob!

1.A. office B. officially C. offices D. official

2.A. preventing B. causing C. to prevent D. to cause
3.A. daily B . day C . days D. dairy
4. A. have saved B. saved C. was saved D. have been saved
5.A. compulsory B. sorry C . access D. accessory
6.A. help B. to help C. for helping D. helped
7.A. invention B. invent C . inventor D. invented
8. A. mass-marketedB. has been mass-marketedC. has mass-marketed D. was mass-marketed
9.A. fights B. attacks C . attach D. beat
10. A. has invented B. invented C. was invented D. invent