Proponent:

Michael Faraday
 an English scientist
 Contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
 His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction,
diamagnetism and electrolysis.
 EMF Is induced in the loop.

What is Magnetic Flux?

Magnetic Flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given
surface. It gives the measurement of the total magnetic field that passes through a given
surface area. It is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it
penetrates. Magnetic flux is commonly denoted using Greek letter Phi or Phi suffix B and has a
symbol of Φ or ΦB. Since the SI unit for magnetic field is the Tesla, the unit for magnetic flux
would be Tesla m2 or simply Weber (Wb).

Understanding Magnetic Flux

Faraday’s law states that in order to induce emf in a conducting wire loop of some
shape, a change in magnetic environment is needed. That change in environment can be
caused through magnetic field strength. Faraday then did discover that the magnetic field
strength is equal to the magnetic flux density. Magnetic flux density (B) is the amount of
magnetic flux per unit area of a section that is perpendicular to the direction of flux. It is also
sometimes known as "magnetic induction" or simply "magnetic field". It can be thought of as the
density of the magnetic field lines - the closer they are together, the higher the magnetic flux
density.
Where B is magnetic flux density in teslas (T), Φ is magnetic flux in Webers (Wb), and A
is area in square meters (m2)

Formula:
ΦB = BA or BA cos θ
B = magnitude of magnetic field
A = area

Example Word Problems

1. A magnetic field of 20T is directed perpendicular to the face of a circular coil with a radius of
25cm. Calculate the magnetic flux in this coil.
ΦB = BA cos θ
= (20T)( π)(.25m)2 cos 0°
= (20T)( π)(.25m)2(1)
= 5/4 π T ⋅ m2 or 3.93 T ⋅ m2
= 3.93 Wb

2. A magnetic field of 30T is directed parallel to the face of a square coil (10cm x 10cm).
Calculate the magnetic flux.

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 ΦB = BA cos θ
= (30T)( .10m)2 cos 90°
= (30T)(.10m)2(0)
=0

3. A magnetic field has a magnitude of 10T which is directed to a 50cm by 50cm square.
a) Find the magnetic flux if the magnetic field lines are at an angle of 50° with respect to the
plane.
ΦB = BA cos θ
= (10T)( .50m)2 cos 40°
= 1.92 Wb
b) Find the maximum magnetic flux possible with this magnetic field.

Concept Note: The maximum magnetic flux hints that the angle between the magnetic field and
the plane or area vector is 90°, hence θ = 0° and cos 0° = 1.
ΦB = BA cos θ
= (10T)( .50m)2 cos 0°
= (10T)( .50m)2 (1)
= 2.5 Wb

Why is Magnetic Flux useful?

There are couple of reasons why magnetic flux is useful in our life. The following are example of
situations or problems where magnetic flux is involved.

1. The description of magnetic flux helps engineers to calculate easily the voltage
generated by an electric generator when the magnetic field is complicated. Because
when a coil of a wire is moved thru a magnetic field, there is voltage generated and that
voltage depends on the magnetic flux in the area of the coil.
2. It is useful for simplifying magnetic field problems as magnets are dipoles, there is no
possibility that there is a magnetic monopole inside a closed surface. Thus, it means that
the net magnetic flux is always zero. Therefore, all magnetic field lines going inside a
closed surface have exact balance of field lines coming out.
3. It is also useful in helping describe the effects of the magnetic force on something
occupying a given area.

Trivia
Flux meter- A meter which used for measuring the flux of the permanent magnet such type of
meter. It is an electronic instrument

The meter which is used for measuring the flux of the permanent magnet such type of
meter is known as the flux meter. The flux meter is the advanced form of the ballistic

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galvanometer which has certain advantages like the meter has low controlling torque and heavy
electromagnetic damping.
A Flux meter is an electronic integrating, digital display instrument. The Flux meter can
be used not only for the measurement of the magnetic flux of permanent magnets, but also for
quality control and sorting of magnetic products. Its versatility makes the employment possible
in laboratory enterprise as also in production.
A current is induced by the change of magnetic flux Ф passing through a measuring coil.
The current is the input of the flux meter. After the integration of the current one obtains a DC
voltage signal, which is proportional to the change of the magnetic flux. The DC voltage is
converted into digital signal and displayed by the LEDs. Thus the magnetic flux can be
measured in this way.

Weber- It is the derived SI unit of magnetic flux. It is named after Wilhelm Eduard Weber.

References:
 https://byjus.com/physics/magnetic-flux/#Magnetic-Flux-Definition

 https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/magnetic-forces-and-magnetic-
fields/magnetic-flux-faradays-law/a/what-is-magnetic-flux

 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/fluxmg.html

 https://www.calculator.org/properties/magnetic_flux_density.html

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