Republic of the Philippines

BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

Don M. Banzon Ave. Poblacion
City of Balanga, Bataan
Balanga Campus
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
(047) 237-4688

A Detailed Lesson Plan

in English 10

I. Objective
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the students with at least 85% level of proficiency will be able
to:
a. React to the falsity or soundness of an argument (EN10LC-IVg-16.2:);
Subject Matter
Topic: Falsity and Soundness of an Argument
Video: Stop Being a Victim
Reference: K to 12 Curriculum Guide English
Celebrating Diversity Through World Literature
Materials: Blackboard, chalk, cartolinas, video, PPT Presentation, board, pictures
Skills: Reading skill, speaking skill, writing skill, critical thinking skill
Value/s: Knowing our worth by being true to ourselves.

II. Procedure

Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings of the students
3. Checking of attendance and cleanliness

B. Motivational Activity

Task 1: Let’s contemplate!

“I have a statement here and I’d like you to contemplate on

this.”

Everybody loves a winner

I am not a winner,
So nobody loves me.

“Was there ever a time in your life when you felt just like “There are times, Sir that I feel like nobody sees
this?” my effort.”

“That’s sad. But how do you feel about that?” “Sometimes I feel like they are right. That I am a
loser.”
“That’s really sad to hear. I hope the video that we will
watch today will help you change the way you see
yourself.”
 Task 2: Watch and Express

“This video is very timely and relevant for young students

like you. Watch and observe the details of the video. You
can take down notes to write important details from it.
Then afterwards I will be asking you some questions. Use
the following guide questions to help you understand the
video better.”

1. How does the world view fake and real people?

2. How does a jeweller recognize fake diamonds
from real ones?
3. Why is knowing your worth important? Students will watch the video.

“It’s a relief, Sir. It made me feel that I can do

“What have you felt after watching the video?” better everyday.”

“That’s right. If you remember, Prince EA mentioned “They are being loved, Sir.”
something about the irony of how fake and real people are
treated by the world today. How do people nowadays treat
fake people according to EA?”

“Thank you. How about the real ones, how are they “The real ones are being judged, Sir”
treated by the world?”

“That’s sad but that’s how Prince EA described people “We should be real to be free, Sir.”
nowadays. If that’s the case, what should we do to be truly
happy?”

“So, can we say that this statement is true?” “Yes, Sir.”

Some people are loved for being fake,

Some are judged for being real.
Therefore, you have to be real to be truly happy.

“That’s correct. Since, the world will still judge you no “Yes, Sir.”
matter what, why don’t you just choose to be real and be
happy, right?”

“Yes, Sir. They are really happening nowadays.”

“Let’s look at the first two statements, are they true and
connected with each other?”
“And how about the last line, is it true and has relevance “Yes, Sir. They are connected and they support
when you connect them to the other two lines?” each other’s idea.”

“That’s right. Prince EA alse mentioned about fake “He mentioned that fake diamonds are perfect,
diamonds and real ones. Can you describe to me again and real ones have flaws.”
how a jeweller recognizes a fake diamond to real one?”

“If that’s the case what does it say about real people?”
“Real people make mistake.”

“Thank you. Therefore can we conclude it this way?”

“Yes, Sir.”
Fake diamonds are perfect,
Real ones have flaws.
Therefore, real people make mistakes.

“But class, let’s analyse the first two statements:

Fake diamonds are perfect,
Real ones have flaws.

“Are they true?” “Yes, Sir.”

“But are they connected to each other?”
“No, Sir.”

C. Presentation of the Lesson

“With all these examples and interpretations, what can you “The first statements that we created earlier were
conclude on the statements that we created earlier?” true and they support each other’s idea. And the
next statements did not create a relevant meaning
because they do not agree with each other.”

“That’s an amazing explanation! These have something to

do with our topic for today. We will discuss about the
falsity or soundness of an argument.”

“So, let’s read our learning objective for today.”

Objective
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the
students with at least 85% level of
proficiency will be able to:
a. React to the falsity or
soundness of an argument
(EN10LC-IVg-16.2:);
D. Lesson Proper
“So base on our examples, what do we mean by “They are statements that support each other.”
argument?”

“That’s true. An argument is a collection of sentences

that attempt to establish that some conclusion is true.”

“I’ve mentioned about conclusion. In these statements,

“Sir the statements that say: ‘Therefore, real
which are the conclusions?”
people make mistakes’, and ‘Therefore, you have
to be real to be truly happy’.”

“Very good. And we call the other two statements

premises."

“A premise is a statement in an argument that

“From these examples, what do we mean by premise?”
provides reason or support for the conclusion.
There can be one or many premises in a single
argument.”

“If the premises are the evidences, how would you define
the conclusion?”
“Very good. So, our formula this time is Premise 1, and
2= Conclusion. Since you already know the parts of an
argument, let’s go back to this statement:”
“A conclusion is a statement in an argument that
indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince
the reader/listener. What is the argument trying
to prove? There can be only one conclusion in a
single argument.”

“Let’s go back to this example:

Everybody loves a winner.

I am not a winner.
Therefore, nobody loves me.
“What are the premises given?” “The lines ‘Everybody loves a winner’ and ‘I am
not a winner’.”
“The last line, Sir the conclusion. The line:
“Very good. And what is the conclusion?”
‘Therefore, nobody loves me’.”

“Is this a valid or not valid argument?” “No, Sir.”

“Sir, not because everyone loves winners, it

“Why? What makes this an invalid argument?” doesn’t mean that they can’t love a loser.”

“Very good. Let’s suppose that everybody loves all

winners and that I am not a winner (so both premises are
true.) Still, the conclusion can be false if one of the people
out there who love all the winners also loves the occasional
non-winner, including me. We can imagine such a person
saying: ‘I love all winners, but I love you too, even though
you’re not a winner.’”

“So, how do we say that an argument is valid one?” “It’s a valid argument if it makes sense and true,
Sir.”
“That’s correct. An argument is sound if it meets these
two criteria: It is valid. Its premises are true. Always
remember that an argument is valid if it’s impossible for
the premises to be true and the conclusion false, and it is
strong if it’s very unlikely that the premises are true and
the conclusion false.”
“On the other hand, if a statement is not valid and true, we
call them Falsity.
FALLACY
“There are different ways to identify the falsities of an
argument. We can do that by studying different types of
Fallacies. We will discuss three of them today and I want
you to discover their differences on your own by observing
the videos we will be watching. Let’s start with this video.

Students will watch the video.

“What was the announcement of Ana to her sister, Elsa?” “Ana wants to marry a guy he just men.”

“She was against it. In fact, she said that she

“That’s right, and how did Elsa respond to this can’t marry a man she just met.”
announcement?”

“No, Sir. She said that you can marry someone

“That’s true. If you remember, did Ana agree to it?” you just met if it’s true love.”

“Elsa asked her if what does she knows about

“Alright and how did Elsa react to it?” true love.”

“Correct. What was Ana’s respond to Elsa’s question?” “She aggressively said that she knows more than
how Elsa knows about love since Elsa only
knows how to shut people out of her life.”

“Ouch. That must have hurt Elsa. But let’s go back to “They were arguing about Ana’s decision of
their argument, what were they really arguing again?” marrying someone she just met.”

“None, Sir because in the first place they were

“That’s correct. Now, was her last response to Elsa has discussing about their plan of marriage not Elsa’s
something to do with their discussion? Why?” attitude.”

“Very good. What do you call that thing when you say “You call it mocking or insulting, Sir.”
something bad about someone?”

“Awesome. Or you can also say, ridicule. They have the

same meaning. And this is the first fallacy that we are
going to discuss, the Appeal to Personal Ridicule.”
“Appeal to Personal Ridicule means insulting
“With the video that we have just watched, and with the someone instead of focusing on what you are
way you answered my questions earlier, how would you really arguing with.”
define Appeal to Personal Ridicule, then?”

“Very good. Let’s read the definition of it.”

1. Argumentum ad Hominem or Appeal to Personal

Ridicule –Ad hominem is a Latin phrase meaning
literally ‘to the man’. It uses personal attack as an
argument. This theory is discarded not because of
any evidence against it or lack of evidence for it,
but because of the person who argues for it.
Look at this example:
John and Tim are talking about dark chocolates. John
argues that because dark chocolate has antioxidants and
most other candies only have sugar, which rots your teeth,
dark chocolate is therefore better than most sweets.

“I would say that yes, chocolate is better but I

“If you were Tim how would you react to that argument?” also like candies.”

“Tim’s respond to this argument could be: Yeah,

“That’s a nice way to respond. But remember, we are but you’re a greedy man.”
talking about how you would attack the person you are
arguing with. In this case it’s John. So if you would apply
Appeal to Personal ridicule, how would you say that in this
case?”

“Very good. So you see, you are not attacking the real
argument, or the dark chocolates and candies, but you are
attacking John’s character. Whatever John’s moral
character may be, Tim’s response is not a valid argument.
John may in fact a greedy man, but that doesn’t make him
wrong of his argument about candies and dark chocolates.”

Students’ answer may vary.

“Now, can you create an argument using this first kind of
fallacy?”

“Do you have questions about Appeal to Personal “None, Sir.”

Ridicule?”
“Just always remember this formula:
Personal Attack ≠ Argument
“Is it clear to you?” “Yes, Sir.”

“Alright, let’s watch the campaign video of Mr. Jejomar

Binay when he ran for Vice-President in 2016 election.
This will discuss the second kind of fallacy.”
“What was the video for?”
“It was for political advertisement, Sir.”

“According to Mr. Jejomar Binay, what was he “According to him Sir, he was being belittled by
experiencing?” others, and accused for the crimes he did not
commit. His cases were neglected despite the
documents he presented them.”

“Their intention was to make him look bad.”

“And what was their intention of doing those things to
him?”

“What do you think is the reason why Mr. Binay “I think his intention was to make him look
mentioned these allegations on him? Didn’t he realize he innocent and that he also experienced the same
just exposed them to us?” things we have experienced.”

“His message was to vote for him because he

“Yes, probably that’s his reason. So what was his message
also felt what we felt.”
to the voters?”

“Definitely, sir. He was playing the victim here.”

“Very good. So do you think, with the words he said in the
video, can you say that he used our emotions to earn our
votes?”

“Yes, I must agree with you, class. And what was he “He wants us to pity him.”
trying to make us feel towards him?”

“Very good. And that’s the second type of fallacy we are

going to discuss. The argument in the video is whether we
are going to vote for him or not but he is attacking us using
our emotion. And we call this fallacy the Appeal to Pity.”

“Using the video and our discussion, how would you

“Appeal to Pity is when someone tries to
define Appeal to Pity, then?” convince us by making him look pitiful.”

“Very good. Let’s go ahead and discuss the second

fallacy."
2. Ad Misericordiam or Appeal to Pity- Ad
Misericordiam is a Latin word which means ‘to
pity. It is a fallacy in which someone tries to win
support for an argument or idea by exploiting his
or her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.
“Another example is this:

“You should not find the defendant guilty of murder, since

it would break his poor mother’s heart to see him sent to
jail.”

“Which part of this argument is under Appeal to Pity?” “It’s the part that when he is sent to jail his poor
mother’s heart will be broken, Sir.”

“Very good. Whether or not his mother will be affected, it

has nothing to do with the crimes he made.”
“There is nothing wrong with being compassionate, class.
In fact, if you never take into account someone’s situation
that’s probably not very good. However, an appeal to pity
or any emotional decisions for an argument is not going to
work.”
“Now, can you create an argument using the second type Students’ answers may vary.
of fallacy?”
“Do you have questions about Appeal to Personal “None, Sir.”
Ridicule?”
“Just always remember this formula:
Pity or Misery ≠ Argument
“Is it clear to you, class?” “Yes, Sir.”

“This time, let’s watch a commercial of Sony to discuss the

third kind of fallacy.”

“What was the problem of the girl in the video?” “Her problem was that every camera the sales
representative was offering her was obviously the
same.”

“That’s right. And who suddenly appeared in the store?” “Justine Timberlake and Nigel Barker.”

“That’s right. What did they advise her?” “They advised her to try Sony.”

“If you remember, what was the question of the lady?”

“She asked them if what do they know about
cameras and camcorders.”

“And what was their reaction?” “They were like shocked because she doesn’t
 know them.”

“And how about the people in the store, how did they react “They started taking pictures of them.”
after recognizing them?”

“They are celebrities who are exposed to

“What do Nigel and Justine got to do with cameras?” cameras, Sir.”

“That’s right. If you are aware, Nigel Barker is a good

photographer. In fact, aside from being one of the judges
in some of the cycles of America’s Next Top Model, he
was also the photographer in some of the episodes of that
show. So, he must have known what a good camera is.”

“What do you think is the fallacy in that video?” “I think the fallacy in the video is that because
they are exposed to cameras, they know what
camera is best to use.”

“Very good. And we call that the Appeal to Authority. “It’s believing someone’s opinion because he/she
How do we define Appeal to Authority, then?” is known publicly or he/she is an expert to that
matter.”
“Very good. For additional definition let’s read its
meaning.”
3. Ad Verecundiam or Appeal to Authority- Ad
Verecundiam is a Latin word which means ‘to
modesty. It is a fallacy in which someone uses an
appeal to an authority as an argument because
allegedly, it is modest to appeal to the opinion of
someone’s ‘smarter than you’. But not all appeal to
authority are automatically are logically invalid but
most are.

Let’s take a look at this logical form:

According to person 1, who is an expert on the
issue of Y, Y is true.

Therefore, Y is true.

Consider this conversation:

James argues:
“My dad says that Venus is too hot to have life on it.”
Mark responds:
“So? What does he know?”
James answers:
“My Dad is a planetary scientist. He works at NASA’s
Research Center.”

“Assuming that he is not lying and he’s Dad is really a

plantary scientist, this look like a good argument because
it’s a valid argument. On the other hand if James answers
like this:
“Oh, my Dad looked it up on a website.”

“Then, this argument wouldn’t be so convincing. The

claim lies on a nameless website. This is a bad argument
because it relies on a website that we are not even sure if
it’s a reliable source.”

“Now, can someone from the class create an example of an Students’ answers may vary.
Appeal to Authority Fallacy?”

“None, Sir.”
“Do you have questions about Appeal to Personal
Ridicule?”
“Just always remember this formula:
Appeal to unreliable Autority = Bad Argument
“Yes, Sir.”
“Is it clear to you, class?”

Prepared By:

Jerymie Pegolio
BSE- IV ENGLISH

Checked by:

Ms. Rio S. Solomon

Bataan National High School