EXANTHEMS

Etiologic Agent Transmission Incubation Diagnosis Complications Treatment

period
MEASLES Paramyxovirus 3Cs: coryza, cough, Respiratory 8-12 days Multinucleated SSPE (subacute Supportive
(RUBEOLA) conjunctivitis droplets giant cells sclerosing Vitamin A (to prevent
Exanthem: Airborne (Warthin-Finkeldy) panencephalitis) bronchopulmonary
maculopapular rash, Pneumonia (give dysplasia)
occurs at the height of high-dose Vitamin BPD – give
the fever A OD for 2 days) aminophylline, spiro
Rash starts at the face,
goes down to the lower
extremities
Enanthem: Koplik spots
(bluish-white spots on
erythematous base,
opposite to the second
lower molar)
GERMAN MEASLES Togavirus Exanthem: Airborne 14-21 days Four-fold increase Most common CBC Supportive
(RUBELLA) maculopapular rash, Transplacental in IgM and IgG complication:
occurs 3-4 days after neutropenia
the fever, starts at face, (usually 2 weeks
look for CLADS at after rash)
postauricular area Encephalitis
Enanthem: rose-colored
Forchheimer spots at Congenital Rubella
soft palate Syndrome
Bobo –
encephalitis
Bulag – congenital
cataract
Bingi – ototoxicity
(highest incidence,
60% of patients)
Butas sa puso –
PDA (higher
incidence), PS
Balat - purpura
CHICKENPOX Varicella zoster Exanthem: “dewdrop on Direct contact 10-21 days Tzank smear Reye’s syndrome Do you give
(VARICELLA) virus a rose petal”, different Communicable (aspirin): acyclovir?
stages of rashes, period: encephalitis and Give if the patient is
centrifugal start of 1-2 days before hepatitis immunocompromised
rashes the lesion and
 Look for ulcerations in until the lesions or with concomitant
oropharynx have crusted severe illness
out Give oral at the first
day of disease to
decrease duration
ROSEOLA HHV-6, HHV-7 Exanthem: macular red- Unknown 8-12 days PCR Supportive
INFANTUM pink rash that starts at Probably 9-12 days CBC: leukopenia,
the trunk through saliva neutropenia
Enanthem: Nagayama
spots
(uvulopalatoglossal
junction)
3 days fever then
subsides
Rash occurs at the fever
ERYTHEMA Parvovirus B19 Exanthem: slapped- Respiratory PCR Exposed pregnant, Supportive
INFECTIOSUM Bocavirus cheek appearance, droplets Four-fold increase complication in
starts at face, spreads to 2 days before in IgM fetus: hydrops
trunk and extremities onset of rash fetalis
Atypical rash: pruritic and during rash
popular gloves and itself
stocking syndrome
(PPGS)
HAND FOOT AND Cocksakievirus Fever 1-2 days, mouth Contact 4-6 days Gold standard: viral None Supportive
MOUTH DISEASE A16 ulcerates first Oro-fecal 6-8 days culture
Enterovirus-71 1-2 days after, see
ulcerations on hand and
feet
Lesion predilection:
hands > feet
Enanthem: ulcerations
on buccal mucosa

Lethal trisomy
Patau – 13
Edward’s – 18

Macrophages:
Liver – Kuppfer cell
Brain – Glial cell
Skin – Langerhans cell
Lymph nodes – Histocytes
Lungs – Dust cells