Unang Yugto ng Kolonisasyon at Imperyalismo

 Ika 16-17 Siglo

Timog Asya
 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
 Portugal
 Olandes
 Gran Britanya – British East India Company; tungaliaan sa kalakalan
 India – Panahong Mughal sa India
 Pranses – timog na bahagi ng India Perpetual Company of the Indies
 Pagaalsang Sepoy – labanan sa Plassey (Ingles vs Pransya’t Bengali = SEVEN
YEARS WAR; ACT FOR THE BETTER GOVERNEMENT OF INDIA)
Divide and Rule
 Paraang ginamit ng mga Briton sa pamamahala sa India
 Tagatustos ng HILAW NA MATERYALES
 Pamilihang pandaigdig
 Cash crops
 Imprastrakture, telegrapo, ideyang pangkalayaan
Timog Silangan Asya
Portugal
 Moluccas (Indonesia)
 Malacca sa Malaysia
 Macau
 Formosa (Taiwan)
 Sri Lanka at Gulpo ng Persia
*Nakontrol ang kalakalan at nagtagumpay din sa pagpapalaganap ng
Kristyanismo
NATALO NG NETHERLANDS (Dutch/Olandes) ang Portugal
Dutch East Indies – Nakontrol ng mga Olandes ang kalakalan sa Timog Silangang Asya
CULTURE SYSTEM – cash crops
Gran Britanya sa Singapore
 Changes in the Administration of the Straits Settlement
 In 1867, the Straits Settlement was transferred to the colonial office in London
making Singapore a crown colony
Pransya sa Indochina
 Siam (Thailand) bilang malayang bansa
 Nasa pagitan ng makapangyarihang Gran Britanya at Pransya = BUFFER STATE
 Neutral Zone
 Haring Chulalongkom
Pilipinas sa ilalim ng Espanya
 Tagatustus ng HILAW NA MATERYALES
 Pamilihang pandaigdig
 Cash crops – kagutuman
 Imprastraktura, edukasyon, ideyang pangkalayaan
 “Melting pot” ng iba’t ibang relihiyon

Silangang Asya
China
 Ming Dynasty
 Pagdating ng mga dayuhan para makipagkalakalan
Cohong (Portugese, Olandes, Pranses Briton) – may limitasyon

Korea (Land of the Morning Calm)

 Hermit Kingdom
 Nakakaiwas sa kanluranin
 Nais sakupin ng Tsina at Japan
 Kalakalan sa karatig bansa Sino-Japanese War
Sokoku – isinira ang
Japan sa mga Kanluranin
Nagdulot ng panahon ng
Kanluran (Genroku)

Policy of Isolation
 Ang China bilang Middle Kingdom (mahigpit na pakikipagkalakalan)
 Dutch – kowtow
 Briton – nagdala ng mga produktong ani ng patatas at mais mula Estados Unidos
Kasunduan sa Nanking
 Pagkapahiya ng Tsina
 Kasunduang pabor sa Britanya
Rebelyong Taiping
 Taiping Tienkuo
 “the heavenly kingdom of great peace”
Ikalwang Digmaang Opyo
 Pagsamsam ng barkong Briton na may dalang opyo
 Britanya + Pransya
Rebelyong Boxers
 Reporma sa pamahalaang imperial
 Hundred Days Reform
 The Righteous and Harmonious Fists Society
 Tinapos ng Boxers Protocol
Pagbubukas ng Japan
 Pasiglahin ang pakikipagkalakalan
 Manifest destiny
Kasunduan sa Kanagawa
 Nabuksan ang dalawang himpilan pangkalakalan ng Japan para sa mga Amerikano
Climate
Weather Climate
 Condition of the atmosphere at a  Pattern of weather in a region over a
particular place and time long period
 Short term  Long term
 Daily, weekly  30 years or more
 Changes all the time and varies from  Seldom change
place to place
Classifications
Tropical Climate
 Near the equator, high temperatures and humidity levels are prevailing
Temperate Climate
 Middle-latitude
 Have four seasons: Winter, spring, summer, fall
Polar Climate
 Coldest region of the planet
 North and South Poles
 Covered with ice and snow
Factors
Latitude
 The farther away from the equator, the colder it is
Mountain Ranges and Barriers
 Mountain ranges block the path of the prevailing winds
 Windward is the side of the mountain where rain mainly falls
 Leeward is the side of the mountain where there is too little or no rainfall at all
Elevation
 Above sea level, locations with higher elevation have colder temperature
Continental Location
 Large bodies of water are slower to heat and cool than land. As a result, water
temperatures remain stable, and land temperatures change frequently
 Coastlines have stable temperatures (hotter and colder)
Wind System
 Unequal heating of land surface and bodies of water on the surface of the Earth.
Ocean Currents
 Warm currents carry water from low to high latitudes. These make land nearby
warmer.
 Cool currents carry water from high to low latitudes. These make land nearby
colder.
Forest Fires
 Forest trees use carbon dioxide as they transform light energy from the sun to
chemical energy. Forests act as carbon sinks. Forest fires release carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere
Volcanic Eruptions
 Volcanic ash and gas are ejected in the stratosphere during eruption. This blocks
sunlight, making it appear late at night even at the middle of the day.
Precipitation
 The amount of humidity or water vapor in the air determines the rate and
amount of precipitation in the area
Air Masses
 Air masses are large masses of air that have uniform temperature and moisture
content.
Effects of Human Activities to Climate
 Burning of fossil fuels
 Deforestation
 Waste disposal
 Industrial Practices
Air Masses and Fronts
Air masses are classified according to two characteristics: temperature and humidity
 Tropical – or warm air masses, form in the tropics and have low pressure
 Polar – or cold air masses, form north of 50 degrees and south of 50 degrees and
have high pressure
 Maritime – form over oceans, water evaporates from the oceans, so the air can
become very humid
 Continental – form over land, in the middle of continents, and are dry.
 Arctic Air Masses
Fronts are where two air masses meet and don’t mix. Front is a military term where two
armies meet to fight. The collision of fronts often causes storms and changeable
weather.
 Cold front – forms when a cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass, forcing
the warm air to rise.
 Warm front – forms when a moist, warm air mass slides up and over a cold air
mass.
 Occluded front – forms when a warm air mass gets caught between two cold air
masses.
 Stationary front – little or no movement at all.