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ABSTRACT
Food plays an important role as an energy source for the body. One of the
main sources of energy is carbohydrate as it is widely consumed. Tapioca flour,
rice flour, and novelose are foods that are considered rich in its carbohydrate
content. Carbohydrates in food consist of starch and dietary fiber. Determination
of starch digestibility can be done with in vitro method. This method is conducted
by hydrolyzing starch into glucose and maltose and reacted it them with DNS. The
absorbance of the solution is then measured with a spectrophotometer. Tapioca
flour has the highest starch digestibility followed by rice flour and lastly novelose.
Novelose is a modified starch, hydrolyzed by acid therefore the digestibility is
lower. As for fiber digestibility, it is determined by enzimatic-gravimtetric
method.The method is carried out by hydrolyzing fiber with enzymes such as
termamyl, amyloglucosidase and protease. Novelose has the highest fiber
digestibility followed by brown rice flour and lastly white rice flour. Fiber content
influences starch digestibility. The higher the fiber content, the lower the starch
digestibility and maltose concentration. Therefore, novelose who has the highest
fiber content has the lowest maltose concentration and starch digestibility, while
tapioca flour who has the lowest fiber has the highest maltose concentration and
highest starch digestibility.
Keywords: fiber digestibility, novelose, rice flour, starch digestibility, tapioca
flour
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang
METODE
Sampel yang digunakan pada analisis daya cerna pati antara lain tepung
tapioka, beras, dan nevelose. Untuk membuat larutan sampel dibutuhkan masing-
masing 0.25 g sampel tepung. Selanjutnya, ditambahkan 25 ml air destilata dan
dipanaskan pada suhu 90°C untuk proses gelatinisasi. Lalu dipipet sebanyak 2 ml
ke dalam tabung reaksi dan ditambahkan 3 ml air destilata dan 5 ml bufer fosfat
pH 7. Sampel dibuat duplo.
Vorteks
Gelatinisasi
(penangas air mendidih)
Pendinginan
2 mL 2 mL
Tabung A Tabung B
Vorteks
13 mL buffer
8 mL buffer fosfat
fosfat pH 7.0
pH 7.0
5 ml
α-amilase
Inkubasi
37C 30 min
2 mL DNS
(4 tabung)
Inkubasi
Air mendidih 10 min
Vorteks
Pengukuran absorbansi
(λ= 520 nm)
Penimbangan
Penimbangan
Vorteks
Inkubasi
Pendinginan
Larutan NaOH 0.275 N
(2.5mL)
Larutan enzim protease
(25µL) Inkubasi
Pengendapan SDF
Penimbangan
0.5 0.406
0.4 y= 0.0438 + 0.1594x
0.3 R²= 0.9256
0.153 y= Absorbansi
0.2
x= konsentrasi (mg/10 ml)
0.1 0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Konsentrasi standar maltosa (mg/10 ml)
= 1.1618 mg/10 mL
= 0.9925 mg/10 mL
Daya cerna pati tapioka = 100.00 % (pati)
= x 100%
= 88.66 %
60
40
20
0
Tapioka Tepung beras Novelose
-20
-18.34
-40
Jenis Tepung
Gambar 6 Persentase daya cerna pati pada jenis tepung tapioka, tepung beras, dan
novelose
Tabel 4 Hasil perhitungan serat kasar sampel
Kadar Kadar
Rata-
W air abu
% rata %
Sampel sampel kertas kertas B0 (g) B1 (g) C1 (g) B2 (g) B3 (g) C2 (g) C3 (g)
TDF TDF ±
(g) saring saring
SD
(%) (%)
Tepung
- -
beras 0.2505 0.6102 0.6060 0.0026 0.5609 0.0122 0.0096
0.0451 21.84 -0.01
coklat 1
0.69 0.43 ±
Tepung
30.87
beras 0.2507 0.5525 0.5487 0.0024 0.6115 0.0628 0.0105 0.0081 21.82
coklat 2
Tepung
-
beras 0.2501 0.5421 0.5384 0.0023 0.5306 0.0040 0.0017 -3.8
0.0078 -18.16
putih 1
0.69 0.43 ±
Tepung
- - 20.30
beras 0.2501 0.7550 0.7498 0.0032 0.6704 0.0051 0.0019
0.0794 32.51
putih 2
Novelose
0.2513 0.6559 0.6514 0.0028 0.7361 0.0847 0.0130 0.0102 29.64
1 31.30
0.69 0.43
Novelose ± 2.35
0.2500 0.6893 0.6845 0.0030 0.7823 0.0978 0.0184 0.0154 32.96
2
Keterangan:
B0 : W kertas saring
B1 : W kertas saring (bk), B1 = B0 – (kadar air x B0)
B2 : W kertas saring + residu kering (setelah dioven)
B3 : W residu kering, B3 = B2 - B1
C1 : W abu kertas saring, C1 = (kadar abu x B0)
C2 : W abu total (setelah ditanur)
C3 : W abu residu, C3 = C2 – C1
( -
% TDF = 00
sampel
SD : standar deviasi % TDF
(-0 0 5 - 0 00
00
0 2505
= -21.83 %
2
Rata-rata % TDF 2
(-2 2 2
2
= -0.01 %
SD % TDF
2 2
(-2 -0 005 (2 -0 005
=± %
2-
= ± 30.86 %
20
Persentase (%)
10
0.005
0
Tepung beras coklat Tepung beras putih Novelose
-10
-20
-18.14
-30
Jenis Tepung
Gambar 7 Persentase daya cerna serat pada jenis tepung tapioka, tepung beras,
dan novelose
PEMBAHASAN
SIMPULAN
Daya cerna pati pada produk pangan tepung tapioka, tepung beras, dan
novelose diukur secara in vitro. Sampel yang memiliki daya cerna pati tertinggi
adalah tepung tapioka yang diikuti oleh tepung beras dan terakhir novelose. Hal
ini disebabkan tapioka memiliki kandungan serat yang rendah sehingga daya
cerna patinya tinggi dan sebaliknya pada novelose. Daya cerna serat dilakukan
dengan metode enzimatik-gravimetri. Sampel yang memiliki daya cerna serat
tertinggi adalah novelose, diikuti oleh tepung beras coklat dan tepung beras putih.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA