TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED SECTION: TITLE

TCE.M1-ME-811-302 BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR

SHEET i OF iii
VENTILATION SYSTEM

BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR

VENTILATION SYSTEM

REV. NO. R0 R1 R2 R3
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PPD. BY RMM Sd/- HRK Sd/- IYM Sd/- IYM

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DATE 29.12.1980 12.10.1999 19.04.2001 22.08.2003

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FILE NAME: M1ME302R3.DOC

REV. NO. R0 R1 R2 R3
ISSUE
INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN.

PPD. BY RMM Sd/- HRK Sd/- IYM Sd/- IYM

CHD. BY SCM/SJB Sd/-/Sd/- PRJ Sd/- PRJ Sd/- PRJ

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APD. BY DHNR Sd/- RL Sd/- RL Sd/- RL

DATE 29.12.1980 12.10.1999 19.04.2001 22.08.2003

TCE FORM NO. 020R2

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TCE.M1-ME-811-302 BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR
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VENTILATION SYSTEM

CONTENTS

SL. NO. TITLE SH. NO.

1.0 SCOPE 1

2.0 INPUT DATA 1

3.0 SYSTEM DESIGN AND SELECTION 2

4.0 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS 9

5.0 OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEME 10

6.0 EQUIPMENT AND ELECTRICAL LOAD LIST 10

7.0 UTILITY AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS 11

8.0 PROCUREMENT STRATEGY 11

APPENDICES

1. LIST OF AREAS NORMALLY VENTILATED 12

2. OUTSIDE DESIGN CONDITIONS OF IMPORTANT CITIES OF 13

INDIA

3. DEFAULT VALUES FOR SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS 18

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REVISION STATUS

REV. NO. DATE DESCRIPTION

R0 29.12.1980 ----------------

R1 12.10.1999 Completely revised.

R2 19.04.2001 Paras 3.4.1 and 3.11 modified. Appendix 4 added.

R3 22.08.2003 Para 4.0 added. Para 3.11 of R2 issue merged with Para 4.0
of R3 issue. Paras 3.4.1 and 3.10.1 of write-up and para 4.4
of Appendix 3 revised. Appendix 4 deleted.

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1.0 SCOPE

This document gives guidelines for carrying out a basic study for ventilation system for
chemical, industrial and power plants. For format, structure and other guidelines refer
TCE.M9-PCS-25. The basic study shall form the basis for procurement and detailed
engineering of the ventilation system.

2.0 INPUT DATA

Following input data shall be collected from various sources like client, process
collaborator, other groups in the mechanical department, other departments, bidders and
vendors.

2.1 Location of the site

2.2 Latitude and altitude of the site

2.3 Names of areas to be ventilated

2.4 Equipment layout drawings of the areas to be ventilated

2.5 Architectural drawings and civil Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) or structural steel
drawings of the areas to be ventilated

2.6 Outside design conditions like Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT), Wet Bulb Temperature
(WBT) and Relative Humidity (RH) for summer, monsoon and winter and daily
temperature range

2.7 The prevailing wind direction and speed for most time of the year

2.8 Inside design conditions indicating the DBT and RH for each of the areas to be ventilated

2.9 Lighting loads

2.10 Sensible and latent equipment heat loads, of heat sources within and adjacent to the
ventilated areas with specific periodic loading patterns, if any. The local concentration of
these loads, if any, is particularly important and shall be obtained.

2.11 Occupancy in the ventilated areas and the type of human activity envisaged

2.12 Supply air and exhaust air requirements, if any

2.13 Filtration and cleanliness requirements, if any

2.14 Pressurisation requirements, if any

2.15 Air flow pattern requirements, if any

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2.16 Acceptable noise and vibration levels

2.17 Hazardous area classification

2.18 Duration of working of the ventilation system for each of the areas

2.19 Availability of soft or filtered water, make-up water, quality of water, inlet and outlet
pressures and temperatures

2.20 Specific requirements like future expansion plans and provisions required to be
incorporated at present

Some of the input data indicated above may not be readily available at the time of the
preparation of the basic study. Appendices of this document give guidelines for assuming
such data. These appendices are based on published literature and experience gained
over the years.

3.0 SYSTEM DESIGN AND SELECTION

3.1 Ventilation is required to be provided for:

(a) Removing heat from the working areas so as to maintain the temperature within
acceptable limits

(b) Removing toxic vapour generated by process equipment or components so as to

maintain their concentration within acceptable limits

(c) Removing hazardous vapour emitted or leaking from process equipment or

components so as to maintain their concentration within acceptable limits

(d) Removing obnoxious fumes, vapour, odour etc. from process equipment or
components so as to maintain their concentration within acceptable limits

Recovery of recyclable volatile substances or powders either leaking from or

emitted by process equipment or components. The details of these systems are not
covered in this basic study guide.

For details of recyclable powders refer Industrial Ventilation - A Manual of

Recommended Practice - 1980 edition.

The selection of type of recovery system for recyclable volatile substances shall be
studied and decided on a case to case basis considering the requirements of the
process and properties of the substances.

3.2 Ventilation load calculations shall be carried out as per TCE.M6-ME-811-309 “Design
Guide for Ventilation Heat Load Calculations”. The air flow requirements and any special

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requirements for the ventilated area shall be indicated by the load calculations. Following
paragraphs describe various types of ventilation systems.

3.3 NATURAL VENTILATION

This can be achieved by providing adequate wall openings, windows and doors so as to
allow free air movement and cross ventilation due to wind pressures. Natural ventilation is
also possible where the height of the buildings is sufficiently large with a temperature
difference adequate to provide the driving force for the air movement. Refer TCE.M6-
ME-811-317 “Design Guide for Natural Ventilation” for details.

3.4 FORCED VENTILATION

These systems comprise of fans, air distribution system, filters etc. Various types of
systems are described in para 3.6. The types of fans used in ventilation systems are
described in the following sub-paras and estimation of fan static pressure is covered in
para 3.5.

3.4.1 Propeller fans

These fans are generally mounted on the wall and are designed for low static pressures
upto 12.5 mmWG. Propeller fans are not suitable where the air is required to be
distributed by an air distribution system consisting of filters, ducting, supply or return air
grills, volume control dampers etc. These fans are available in the capacity range from 500
to about 23,500 M3/Hr. The capacity of 23,500 M3/Hr is at a static pressure 2.5 mm
WG. The fan impeller sizes generally range from 200 to 900 mm in diameter.

3.4.2 Tube-Axial Fans

These fans are axial flow fans, which can generate static pressures up to 40 mm WG.
Special fans with variable pitch angle for the blades and variable speed can be designed
for higher static pressures and air flow control, but these are more expensive and
economical only for large capacities of the order of 2,00,000 M3/Hr and larger. Tube
axial fans are generally specified for pressurised ventilation systems where the ventilated
area is to be supplied with filtered air to maintain a dust-free environment. Tube axial fans
are available in the capacity range from about 3,000 to 1,50,000 M3/Hr, with a static
pressure of 5 to 110 mm WG. The impeller diameters for these capacities range from 300
to 2,000 mm or more. The fan selection shall ensure that fan motor synchronous speeds
do not exceed 1,500 RPM for impeller diameters up to 450 mm and 1,000 RPM for
impeller diameters greater than 450 mm.

Tube axial fans are generally noisier than propeller or centrifugal fans. These fans shall be
selected for operating speeds within the speed limits given above so as to ensure that
noise levels are maintained within acceptable limits. The efficiency of tube axial fans is
generally lower than that of centrifugal fans and considering that the noise level also is
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generally much higher, it is recommended that tube axial fan static pressures be limited to
40 mm WG.

A variation of this fan configuration is the roof extractor, which is primarily a tube axial fan
provided with a hood for protection from the rain or sunshine. Roof extractors are
available in the capacity range of 5,000 to 45,000 M3/Hr with static pressure upto 7 mm
WG.

3.4.3 Centrifugal Fans

These fans are used for applications requiring fan static pressures of 40 mmWG and
higher. The impellers for these fans may be of the following types:

(a) Airfoil Backward Curved Vanes

These fans have non-over loading characteristics and have the highest efficiency of
all types of centrifugal impeller types.

(b) Backward Curved or Inclined Vanes

These impellers like airfoil backward curved vanes have non-overloading

characteristics and efficiencies only slightly lower than airfoil vanes. These fans are
relatively cheaper than airfoil impeller fans and are generally preferred over other
types of impellers.

(c) Forward Curved or Inclined Vanes

These fans are generally used for smaller capacities upto about 1,000 M3/Hr or for
static pressures of 75 mm WG or less. These fans are also used for AHUs. The
motor rating shall be at least 15% above the power requirement at duty point or
10% higher than the maximum power requirement at selected speed whichever is
higher, considering that the power consumption rises continuously from shut-off to
free delivery.

(d) Radial Vanes

These fans are generally used in material handling applications or for applications
requiring high static pressure of around 1,000 mm WG, e.g. fans for vacuum
cleaning system. These fans are generally not used for ventilation applications.

Centrifugal fans can be Single Inlet-Single Width (SISW) or Double Inlet- Double Width
(DIDW). These fans are generally belt driven by an electric motor drive.

SISW fans have a single impeller with air intake from one side of the fan casing with the
fan drive arrangement located on the other side of the casing. The process gas or air
handled may be ducted to the inlet of the fan; i.e. the fan may be used for systems where
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the process gas or air to or from the process or ventilated area is ducted to the fan
suction. This is advantageous, as the drive motor for this fan is completely external to the
fan gas circuit and can be approached for routine maintenance without exposure to the
gas. The single impeller of the SISW fan necessitates a thrust bearing to take care of the
thrust generated by the one-sided air intake.

DIDW fans are provided with a double impeller placed back-to-back, allowing air intake
from both sides of the fan casing. As a result of this configuration, the process air or gas
cannot be ducted to the DIDW fan inlet due to the drive arrangement being located on
either of sides of the casing. The DIDW fans along with the belt drive and motor
necessarily have to be located within the process gas or ventilated air stream. Due to the
air intake from both sides of the casing, DIDW fans are balanced as compared to SISW
fans, obviating the need for thrust bearings and resulting in relatively lower maintenance.

For a given air flow and static pressure the impeller diameter for DIDW fans is smaller,
having a smaller height but larger floor space as compared to SISW fans. For
commercially available fans, SISW fans generally have an efficiency about 5% to 20%
higher than that for DIDW fans, depending upon the capacity and static pressure and
outlet velocity selected for the fan. As compared to SISW fans, which are ducted at the
intake, for DIDW fans, the fan heat gain to the process air or gas may be as much as 18%
higher than the fan brake power. The break-up of this heat gain is given in the table at the
end of this para.

The type of fan whether SISW or DIDW may be selected considering the above and the
requirements of the particular application.

Centrifugal fans are available for a capacity range from 500 to 400,000 M3/Hr or higher,
with static pressures ranging from 40 to 4,000 mm WG.

HEAT GAIN (%
SL. NO. ITEM REMARKS
OF FAN BKW)

1. Fan efficiency 5* * Assumed for the purpose of this

table

2. Belt drive loss to 3 For DIDW fans the belt drive

process air package, i.e. the belts, pulleys etc.,
and the fan motor are located in the air
or gas stream.

3. Motor heat loss 10 Heat loss from motor corresponds to

a motor efficiency of about 90 %

Total heat gain 18 -

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3.5 FAN STATIC PRESSURE

An air circuit diagram shall be prepared in line with the anticipated ducting layout
configuration of the ventilated area, indicating the air pressure at the inlet and outlet of
each of the elements like fans, louvers with bird screen, ducting, supply and exhaust air
grills, volume control dampers, plenums etc., in the air circuit as follows:

(a) Start from the ventilated area for which the room over-pressure is defined as per
the data collected or as per appendix 3 of this guide.

(b) Proceed upstream along the air circuit towards the fan. The pressure will increase
progressively as the pressure drops in the individual elements in the air path.
Indicate the air pressure at the inlet and outlet of each of the elements in the air
path. The procedure shall be continued until the air circuit is completed by either
reaching the starting point or point of air intake from the atmosphere.

The pressure drops to be considered in each of the elements are listed

below. These pressure drops are preliminary and shall be reconfirmed during
further engineering, with firm data from bidders and vendors. The pressure drop
across the plenum being negligible may be ignored for the purpose of preliminary
estimation.

(i) Volume control dampers : 3 mm WG

(ii) Filters in clogged condition

Pre-filters : 12 mm WG
Fine filters : 18 mm WG
HEPA filters : 75 mm WG

(iii) Supply and exhaust air ducting : 0.067 mm WG per metre

of duct length

(iv) Supply air outlets : 3 mm WG

(v) Exhaust air inlets or louvers with : 2 mm WG

bird screen

(vi) Pressure in area to be ventilated

Pressurised ventilation : 1 mm WG
Exhaust ventilation : (-) 1 mm WG

(vii) Pressure in ventilation plant room : (-) 3 mm WG

or at fan inlet

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The differential static pressure across the fan inlet and outlet is the Static Pressure for the
fan.

3.6 TYPES OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Various types of ventilation systems are briefly described in the following paragraphs.
Combinations of these systems, or if required by the specific application, variations of the
systems described also may be adopted.

3.6.1 Dry Exhaust Ventilation System

This system essentially comprises of exhaust fans provided for the ventilated area. The
fans may be wall mounted propeller type or roof mounted roof extractors. The location of
wall mounted exhaust fans and air inlets shall be decided so that air flow is not against
wind direction as far as possible. Suitably located wall openings or doors shall be
provided to allow the infiltration of air to replace this exhausted air.

In these systems, the ventilated area is generally at ambient or slightly lower pressure than
the ambient pressure. In areas having large widths (greater than about 15 metres), or
where a specific overall air flow pattern is required, suitably located wall mounted supply
fans may be provided in addition to the wall mounted exhaust fans.

In cases where the dimensions of the ventilated area exceed 15 metres in width and where
roof extractors cannot be installed, it may be necessary to provide exhaust air ducting.
This is to ensure uniform air exhaust over the ventilated area, especially where heat
dissipation loads from equipment are likely to cause local “hot spots”.

For ducted systems tube axial fans may be used for static pressure requirements of up to
40 mmWG. For higher static pressure requirements centrifugal fans shall be used. For
wall mounted fans of air flow capacities exceeding 8,000 M3/Hr, it is recommended that
tube axial fans be used instead of propeller fans so as to limit the size of the fan.

3.6.2 Dry Pressurised Ventilation System

This system is generally provided where the inside design temperature is not critical and
the area is required to be provided with a dust-free environment. A dust-free environment
implies the specification of the type of filtration system. Generally pre-filters with a filtering
efficiency of 80 % down to a particle size of 20 microns as per IS 7613 - test dust G2,
are adequate for ventilation applications like switch-gear rooms or manufacturing areas.

The system essentially comprises of fans, filters and air distribution system.

3.6.3 Evaporative Air Cooling Ventilation System

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In areas with outdoor conditions having a WB depression, i.e. difference between DBT
and WBT, of higher than 80C in summer and ambient DBT above 350C, wet ventilation
system may be considered. This system is also called “evaporative cooling ventilation
system”. A temperature lower than the ambient can be achieved by evaporative cooling
ventilation system.

This system comprises of supply air fan, air intake louvers with bird screen, filters, air
washer, spray water pumps, spray water piping and air distribution system. The fans for
the system are selected as described earlier in this guide. The air washer comprises of a
spray chamber in either masonry construction or sheet metal construction, with necessary
internals i.e. spray headers and standpipes, spray nozzles. Air washers are installed with
one, two or three spray banks (spray header with standpipes and spray nozzles
constitutes a spray bank) having air humidifying efficiencies of up to 90%.

3.7 EXHAUST HOOD REQUIREMENTS

In areas where there is a major equipment load and the temperature rise is to be limited,
or in areas where fumes or dusts are generated, it may be required to provide local
exhaust hood in addition to providing a supply to area. In case exhaust hoods are
provided, a part of the total equipment heat load only is to be considered for the
estimation of the ventilation air flow rates. The ventilation hood design shall be carried out
as per the guidelines given in the Industrial Ventilation – A Manual of Recommended
Practice - 1980 edition.

3.8 HEATING REQUIREMENTS

In case of ventilated areas in locations where winter ambient conditions are lower than the
design lowest temperature it may be necessary to provide heating by use of steam or
electric heating coils. These heaters shall be incorporated into the system so as to provide
the maximum benefit by suitable air distribution.

3.9 NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT / STANDBY ETC.

The local ventilation load distribution may dictate the air distribution requirements, which
in turn will dictate the configuration, i.e. the number and capacities of the ventilation fans,
filters, heaters etc. The configuration of the ventilation system also has to consider the air
movement in the ventilated area to ensure relative comfort conditions in working area. The
economics of providing a standby for the equipment shall be examined while selecting the
system components.

3.10 NOISE AND VIBRATION

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3.10.1 Noise

The noise levels for the equipment e.g. skid-mounted chiller, compressor, fan and base
frame with motor, AHU, pump with base frame and motor etc. may be checked from
vendor catalogues. The allowable noise levels for various areas are given in Table 34,
Chapter 47, ASHRAE Handbook–HVAC Applications, 2003-Edition. Necessary sound
attenuators or acoustic lining of ducting and plant room shall be specified, if necessary, to
meet the above criteria.

3.10.2 Vibration

The acceptable vibration level of all major equipment shall be specified in the respective
enquiry document. Unless specified otherwise by client or the process collaborator, the
vibration level of an equipment shall be specified as “B” as per ISO 10816-1. Vibration
isolators having an isolation efficiency of at least 70% shall be specified for the equipment
wherever required for the system design.

4.0 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS

As per National Building Code (NBC), a building having height more than 15 metres
above the surrounding ground level is called a High Rise Building. Following requirements
need to be incorporated while designing ventilation system for such a building. While these
requirements are mandatory for High Rise buildings, it is advisable to follow these for any
building.

4.1 Ventilation system fans except propeller type wall mounted exhaust fans shall be
interlocked with fire detection and alarm system such that in case of fire, ventilation fans
shall stop automatically. In case of fire, exhaust fans shall continue to operate, if designed
to exhaust the smoke from fire into the atmosphere.

4.2 Wherever the ventilation system duct pass through fire wall or floor, the opening around
the ducts shall be sealed with fire resisting materials such as asbestos rope, vermiculite
concrete or other suitable materials.

4.3 Wherever the ventilation system duct pass through fire wall or floor, fire damper shall be
provided in the ducting. The fire damper actuators may be fusible link, pneumatically
operated, electric motor or solenoid operated. Solenoid operated dampers being
economical are generally preferred due to their reliability and facility for interlocking with
fire detection and alarm system, so as to shut the damper in case of fire.

4.4 Staircases shall be ventilated to the atmosphere at each landing i.e. at each floor level and
at the topmost level. Minimum free area of 0.5 M2 shall be provided in the external wall at
each landing i.e. at each floor and at the topmost level.
4.5 If the staircase can not be ventilated to the atmosphere, because of the location or other
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reasons like internal staircase within the building, forced ventilation shall be provided.
Positive pressure of 5 mm WG shall be maintained inside the staircase. The mechanism of
pressurising the staircase shall operate automatically with the fire alarm. It shall also be
possible to manually operate the pressurisation.

4.6 Doors for the staircases or stairwells shall be of auto-shut type and shall have 2 hour fire
resistance.

4.7 If the lift shaft and the lift lobby are in the core of the building, a positive pressure of 2.5 to
3 mm WG shall be maintained in the lobby and 5 mmWG in the lift shaft. The mechanism
of pressurising shall operate automatically with the fire alarm. It shall also be possible to
manually operate the pressurisation.

4.8 Each basement floor shall have independent ventilation system. Exhaust from each
basement floor shall be vented to atmosphere and shall not be connected to exhaust of
any other area.

4.9 For multi-storey basements natural fresh air or common fan with ducts may be provided
for supply air. However, exhaust system for each basement floor shall be independent.

4.10 For exhaust ventilation of internal toilets a minimum of 4 M2 shaft shall be provided. This
shaft shall be open to atmosphere at the topmost level.

5.0 OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEME

Brief description of operation and control scheme of the proposed system shall be
included in the basic study. Project instrument engineer may be consulted, if necessary.

6.0 EQUIPMENT AND ELECTRICAL LOAD LIST

An appendix covering all equipment like fans, filters, air washers, pumps etc., with
equipment tag numbers, name/title/designation, major parameters, materials of
construction and estimated ratings of motor and other electric equipment shall be furnished
in tabular form. Requirements such as fume resistant and anti-corrosive paint for fans,
motors, panels, equipment or structure in battery or chlorination rooms or areas where
corrosive fumes are expected, shall be specifically indicated in the equipment list. Motor
ratings may be calculated as per the relevant design guides.

7.0 UTILITY AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS

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7.1 Requirement of utilities like steam, soft or filtered make-up water and instrument air with
the design parameters like flow rates, pressure, temperature and quality required at the
battery limit of the system shall be indicated in tabular form.

7.2 The space requirements and clear height for ventilation equipment plant rooms, and for
routing of ducting and piping etc. shall be indicated. The space requirements shall
consider the operations and maintenance space for fans e.g. space requirements at fan
inlet as per AMCA, filters, air-washers and pumps etc. Requirements of hoists, cranes
and monorails shall also be included. Preferably, a sketch giving the plant room layout
shall be included.

8.0 PROCUREMENT STRATEGY

Proposed procurement strategy with number of enquiries and the scope for each shall be
clearly indicated.

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APPENDIX 1

LIST OF AREAS NORMALLY VENTILATED

1. Operating areas like main station building, tripper floor, TG area etc.

2. Electrical sub-station building, switch-gear room and cable vault

3. Areas having high equipment load such as fuel oil heater sheds, manufacturing areas,
welding booths, foundries, boiler houses, kitchens, diesel generator room etc.

4. Water treatment plant areas inclusive of DM water plant, chlorination room etc.

5. All control rooms including those for electrostatic precipitator, switchyard, ash
handling, coal yard etc. (These areas are sometimes air-conditioned.)

6. Areas where contaminants like fumes or dust are present or are generated, like
battery rooms, coal conveyor tunnels, machine shops, weld shops, etc.

7. All pump houses

8. All machine or equipment rooms like elevator machine room, compressor room, air-
conditioning plant room, hydrogen generation station, electrostatic precipitator
rectifier room etc.

9. Service building inclusive of office areas, workshop, welding and smithy, instrument
maintenance, stores, warehouses, locker rooms, canteen etc.

10. Toilets

NOTES

1. Some of the areas mentioned above may be located in one building or house.

2. For power plants evaporative cooling is normally provided for the main station
building and electrostatic precipitator rectifying room.

3. Each project shall be reviewed individually and ventilation for the areas decided
accordingly.

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APPENDIX 2
OUTSIDE DESIGN CONDITIONS OF IMPORTANT CITIES OF INDIA
(SOURCE: DB, WB And LAT. from Voltas Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineer’s Handbook-I, 1995 Edition. RH
(%) read from ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1. Daily Range and Altitude from ISHRAE HVAC
Handbook 1997 Part I
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0 N
)
DAILY
CITY RANGE DB WB RH% DB WB RH DB WB RH% ALT.
FROM
% MSL (M)
0
Agra F 26 108 75 22 96 83 58 48 43 67 27.10
0
C 14.44 42.2 23.9 35.6 28.3 8.9 6.1
May Jul Jan 169
0
Ahmedabad F 26 110 78 24 90 85 82 60 51 54 23.02
0
C 14.44 43.3 25.6 32.2 29.4 15.6 10.6
May Jul Dec 55
0
Ahmednagar F 29 108 75 22 101 88 60 50 43 55 19.05
0
C 16.11 42.2 23.9 38.3 31.1 10 6.1
May Jun Jan 657
0
Ajmer F 22 108 74 20 93 81 60 45 39 59 26.27
0
C 12.22 42.2 23.3 33.9 27.2 7.2 3.9
May Aug Jan 486
0
Aligarh F 26 108 75 22 96 83 58 48 43 67 27.53
0
C 14.44 42.2 23.9 35.6 28.3 8.9 6.1
May Jul Jan 169
0
Allahabad F 26 110 76 21 96 83 58 48 46 87 25.27
0
C 14.44 43.3 24.4 35.6 28.3 8.9 7.8
May Jul Jan 98
0
Ambala F 29 110 75 20 95 80 52 45 41 70 30.23
0
C 16.11 43.3 23.9 35.0 26.7 7.2 5.0
Jun Jul Jan 272
0
Asansol F 23 108 78 26 90 86 85 52 44 52 23.41
0
C 12.78 42.2 25.6 32.2 30.0 11.1 6.7
May Jul Jan 126
0
Aurangabad F 27 104 76 29 90 80 65 55 48 60 19.53
0
C 15.00 40.0 24.4 32.2 26.7 12.8 8.9
May Jul Dec 581
0
Bangalore F 22 96 78 45 82 78 82 58 54 78 12.58
0
C 12.22 35.6 25.6 27.8 25.6 14.4 12.2
Apr Sep Jan 921
0
Belgaum F 29 100 77 35 82 77 80 58 53 71 15.51
0
C 16.11 37.8 25.0 27.8 25.0 14.4 11.7
Apr Jul Jan 753
0
Bellary F 23 105 77 28 94 78 50 65 59 70 15.09
0
C 12.78 40.6 25.0 34.4 25.6 18.3 15.0
May Sep Dec 449

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0
Bhopal F 26 106 73 20 92 83 69 45 38 50 23.16
0
C 14.44 41.1 22.8 33.3 28.3 7.2 3.3
May Jul Jan 523

APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0 N
)
DAILY
CITY RANGE DB WB RH% DB WB RH DB WB RH% ALT
FROM
% MSL (M)
0
F 20 100 82 46 90 86 85 56 48 55 20.15
0
Bhubaneshwar C 11.11 37.8 27.8 32.2 30.0 13.3 8.9
May Aug Jan 27
0
F 20 100 83 49 90 86 85 56 48 55 22.32
0
Calcutta C 11.11 37.8 28.3 32.2 30.0 13.3 8.9
May Jul Dec 6
0
F 96 82 55 85 82 88 72 65 69 11.15
0
Calicut C 35.6 27.8 29.4 27.8 22.2 18.3
May Jul Jan
0
F 26 115 75 15 88 80 70 55 49 65 19.58
0
Chanda C 14.44 46.1 23.9 31.1 26.7 12.8 9.4
May Jul Dec 193
0
F 18 103 82 41 83 80 88 65 57 60 13.04
0
Chennai C 10.00 39.4 27.8 28.3 26.7 18.3 13.9
May Nov Jan 16
0
F 10 95 82 58 85 82 88 72 65 69 9.58
0
Cochin C 5.56 35.0 27.8 29.4 27.8 22.2 18.3
Apr Jul Jan 3
0
F 23 98 76 37 82 75 72 65 57 60 11.00
0
Coimbatore C 12.78 36.7 24.4 27.8 23.9 18.3 13.9
May Oct Dec 409
0
F 21 105 82 37 90 86 85 56 48 55 20.29
0
Cuttack C 11.67 40.6 27.8 32.2 30.0 13.3 8.9
May Aug Jan 27
0
F 26 105 75 25 90 80 65 42 38 70 30.19
0
Dehradun C 14.44 40.6 23.9 32.2 26.7 5.6 3.3
Jun Aug Jan 682
0
F 11 90 78 59 82 78 84 52 51 95 27.28
0
Dibrugarh C 6.11 32.2 25.6 27.8 25.6 11.1 10.6
Jun Jul Jan 106
0
F 23 108 78 26 90 86 85 52 44 52 23.14
0
Durgapur C 12.78 42.2 25.6 32.2 30.0 11.1 6.7
May Jul Jan 100
0
F 25 110 74 18 90 84 78 50 44 62 24.49
0
Gaya C 13.89 43.3 23.3 32.2 28.9 10.0 6.7
May Aug Jan 116

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VENTILATION SYSTEM
0
F 9 90 82 70 84 81 88 65 60 76 15.25
0
Goa C 5.00 32.2 27.8 28.9 27.2 18.3 15.6
Apr Jun Jan 62
0
F 11 90 78 59 88 82 78 52 47 70 26.11
0
Guwahati C 6.11 32.2 25.6 31.1 27.8 11.1 8.3
Apr Jul Jan 55

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0 N
)
DAILY
CITY RANGE DB WB RH% DB WB RH DB WB RH% ALT
FROM
% MSL (M)
0
F 14 106 78 28 85 81 82 55 48 60 17.86
0
Hyderabad C 7.78 41.1 25.6 29.4 27.2 12.8 8.9
May Sep Dec 545
0
F 30 106 77 27 90 82 70 50 45 69 22.43
0
Indore C 16.67 41.1 25.0 32.2 27.8 10.0 7.2
May Jul Jan 567
0
F 29 108 75 25 93 84 69 45 41 70 23.16
0
Jabalpur C 16.11 42.2 23.9 33.9 28.9 7.2 5.0
May Jul Dec 393
0
F 27 110 75 20 95 78 48 46 41 65 26.27
0
Jaipur C 15.00 43.3 23.9 35.0 25.6 7.8 5.0
May Aug Jan 390
0
F 20 100 80 43 85 81 84 55 49 65 22.29
0
Jamnagar C 11.11 37.8 26.7 29.4 27.2 12.8 9.4
May Jul Dec 23
0
F 27 110 78 24 90 84 78 50 46 75 22.49
0
Jamshedpur C 15.00 43.3 25.6 32.2 28.9 10.0 7.8
May Aug Dec 129
0
F 26 111 76 20 97 84 58 48 45 80 25.27
0
Jhansi C 14.44 43.9 24.4 36.1 28.9 8.9 7.2
May Jul Jan 251
0
F 29 110 77 23 95 80 52 46 39 52 26.18
0
Jodhpur C 16.11 43.3 25.0 35.0 26.7 7.8 3.9
May Aug Jan 224
0
F 18 103 82 41 83 80 88 65 57 60 16.57
0
Kakinada C 10.00 39.4 27.8 28.3 26.7 18.3 13.9
May Oct Jan 8
0
F 15 100 82 47 86 83 86 65 58 65 18.54
0
Kalyan C 8.33 37.8 27.8 30.0 28.3 18.3 14.4
Apr Jul Jan 10
0
F 29 109 77 23 97 84 58 45 42 75 26.26
0
Kanpur C 16.11 42.8 25.0 36.1 28.9 7.2 5.6
May Jul Jan 126
0
F 31 85 75 63 76 71 79 45 42 78 27.42
0
Kathmandu C 17.22 29.4 23.9 24.4 21.7 7.2 5.6
May Jul Jan 1324
0
F 27 113 75 17 99 80 44 45 41 70 25.11
0
Kota C 15.00 45.0 23.9 37.2 26.7 7.2 5.0
May Jul Jan 257

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0
F 23 108 80 30 93 81 60 60 53 62 15.50
0
Kurnool C 12.78 42.2 26.7 33.9 27.2 15.6 11.7
May Sep Dec 281

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0 N
)
DAILY
CITY RANGE DB WB RH% DB WB RH DB WB RH% ALT
FROM
% MSL (M)
0
F 30 109 79 26 94 83 64 48 43 67 26.52
0
Lucknow C 16.67 42.8 26.1 34.4 28.3 8.9 6.1
May Aug Jan 111
0
F 20 101 78 36 94 78 49 68 62 72 9.55
0
Madurai C 11.11 38.3 25.6 34.4 25.6 20.0 16.7
May Oct Jan 133
0
F 11 96 82 55 85 82 88 70 64 72 12.52
0
Mangalore C 6.11 35.6 27.8 29.4 27.8 21.1 17.8
May Jul Jan 22
0
F 110 75 20 95 83 60 45 41 70 28.35
0
Meerut C 43.3 23.9 35.0 28.3 7.2 5.0
May Aug Jan
0
F 12 95 83 60 85 82 88 65 58 65 18.54
0
Mumbai C 6.67 35.0 28.3 29.4 27.8 18.3 14.4
Apr Jul Jan 11
0
F 21 100 78 38 85 77 69 66 60 70 12.18
0
Mysore C 11.67 37.8 25.6 29.4 25.0 18.9 15.6
Apr Oct Dec 767
0
F 26 112 76 18 85 81 82 60 52 58 21.09
0
Nagpur C 14.44 44.4 24.4 29.4 27.2 15.6 11.1
May Jul Dec 310
0
F 22 108 83 35 94 82 60 65 57 61 14.27
0
Nellore C 12.22 42.2 28.3 34.4 27.8 18.3 13.9
May Nov Jan 20
0
F 25 110 75 20 95 83 60 45 41 70 28.35
0
New Delhi C 13.89 43.3 23.9 35.0 28.3 7.2 5.0
May Aug Jan 216
0
F 22 73 60 48 66 58 62 38 33 60 11.24
0
Ootacamund C 12.22 22.8 15.6 18.9 14.4 3.3 0.6
May Jul- Dec
Oct 2249
0
F 26 108 78 26 90 84 78 50 44 62 25.37
0
Patna C 14.44 42.2 25.6 32.2 28.9 10.0 6.7
May Aug Jan 53
0
F 31 104 76 28 83 79 82 50 42 50 18.32
0
Pune C 17.22 40.0 24.4 28.3 26.1 10.0 5.6
Apr Jul Dec 559
0
F 107 79 29 93 82 62 60 54 69 16.12
0
Raichur C 41.7 26.1 33.9 27.8 15.6 12.2
May Sep Dec

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0
F 25 110 77 22 92 83 68 50 45 70 21.14
0
Raipur C 13.89 43.3 25.0 33.3 28.3 10.0 7.2
May Jul Dec 298

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0 N
)
DAILY
CITY RANGE DB WB RH% DB WB RH DB WB RH% ALT
FROM
% MSL (M)
0
Ranchi F 27 100 82 46 84 78 76 48 42 60 23.23
0
C 15.00 37.8 27.8 28.9 25.6 8.9 5.6
May Jul Jan 655
0
Rentachintala F 110 83 32 94 82 60 55 49 65 16.33
0
C 43.3 28.3 34.4 27.8 12.8 9.4
May Oct Dec
0
Rourkela F 28 110 78 25 87 82 81 54 44 41 21.28
0
C 15.56 43.3 25.6 30.6 27.8 12.2 6.7
May Jul Dec 148
0
Salem F 18 103 80 38 93 77 49 65 59 70 11.39
0
C 10.00 39.4 26.7 33.9 25.0 18.3 15.0
May Oct Jan 278
0
Sambalpur F 28 110 78 25 87 82 81 54 44 41 21.28
0
C 15.56 43.3 25.6 30.6 27.8 12.2 6.7
May Jul Dec 148
0
Shillong F 14 85 71 50 74 70 82 38 32 50 25.34
0
C 7.78 29.4 21.7 23.3 21.1 3.3 0.0
Apr Jun Jan 1500
0
Sholapur F 27 108 77 25 92 82 65 55 47 55 17.40
0
C 15.00 42.2 25.0 33.3 27.8 12.8 8.3
May Sep Jan 479
0
Thane F 15 100 82 47 86 83 86 65 58 65 18.54
0
C 8.33 37.8 27.8 30.0 28.3 18.3 14.4
Apr Jul Jan 10
0
Thiruchirapalli F 20 104 81 38 95 81 55 70 64 72 10.49
0
C 11.11 40.0 27.2 35.0 27.2 21.1 17.8
May Oct Jan 88
0
Thiruvanan- F 15 92 80 59 85 80 80 72 65 69 8.29
0
thapuram C 8.33 33.3 26.7 29.4 26.7 22.2 18.3
Mar Jun Jan 64
0
Vadodara F 26 110 78 24 88 79 68 50 43 55 22.18
0
C 14.44 43.3 25.6 31.1 26.1 10.0 6.1
May Jul Jan 34
0
Varanasi F 29 109 76 25 94 83 64 50 47 80 25.18
0
C 16.11 42.8 24.4 34.4 28.3 10.0 8.3
May Aug Jan 76
0
Vijaywada F 24 110 83 32 94 82 60 55 49 65 16.33
0
C 13.33 43.3 28.3 34.4 27.8 12.8 9.4
May Oct Dec 106

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0
Visakhapatnam F 11 92 82 65 87 82 81 65 57 60 17.42
0
C 6.11 33.3 27.8 30.6 27.8 18.3 13.9
May Oct Jan 3

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

APPENDIX 3

DEFAULT VALUES FOR SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS

1.0 INSIDE DESIGN CONDITIONS

1.1 Dry ventilation systems : 2 to 30C above the ambient DBT

1.2 Wet ventilation systems : 6 to 70C above the ambient WBT

2.0 AIR FLOW RATES

2.1 DRY EXHAUST VENTILATION

2.1.1 Kitchen and pantries 50 air changes per hour or 152 M3/Hr
per M2 whichever is higher
2.1.2 Boiler house, DG rooms, weld shops, foundry 40 air changes per hour or 92 M3/Hr
or furnace rooms, heat treatment shop, per M2 or as dictated by the heat
laundries, refinery hot oil pump houses and dissipation loads whichever is highest
public toilets
2.1.3 Pump houses, compressor houses, welding 25 air changes per hour or 76 M3/Hr
and smithy, canteen and transformer rooms per M2 whichever is higher
2.1.4 Locker rooms, stores, warehouses, private 15 air changes per hour or 54 M3/Hr
toilets, machinery assembly shops, water per M2 whichever is higher
treatment plant, HVAC plant rooms and
battery rooms
2.2 DRY PRESSURISED VENTILATION
MCC rooms and manufacturing areas 25 air changes per hour or 76 M3/Hr
per M2 or as dictated by the heat
dissipation loads whichever is highest

3.0 OVER-PRESSURE

3.1 MANUFACTURING AREAS

3.1.1 Areas requiring dust-free environment and not (+) 1 mmWG
having hazardous fumes or vapours
3.1.2 Areas where hazardous fumes are generated (-) 1 mmWG

3.1.3 Areas where recoverable dust is generated (-) 1 mmWG

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APPENDIX-3 (CONTD.)

3.1.4 Areas where active air is handled e.g. nuclear (-) 1 mmWG
power plants

3.2 MCC AND PCC ROOMS (+) 1 mmWG

3.3 BATTERY ROOMS AND TOILETS (-) 1 mmWG

3.0 FILTRATION

4.1 For MCC rooms, control rooms, manufacturing areas in hazardous areas having
flammable vapour e.g. hydrocarbons as in refinery areas, glycol vapours as in
synthetic fibre plants, chemical filters may have to be provided in case intake of
ventilation air is not possible from a safe area. These filters are required to filter
hydrocarbons or vapour like chlorine, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur or its
oxides, compounds etc. Some of this vapour is detrimental to the contacts of
electronic components used in control systems and it is essential to remove them to
ensure the full working life of the components.

4.2 For MCC rooms and manufacturing areas in active areas of nuclear power plant,
carbon filters may have to be provided to remove the radioactive elements in the
ventilation air.

4.3 For MCC rooms and manufacturing areas in safe areas, pre-filters with filtering
efficiency of 80% down to a particle size of 20 microns as per IS 7613 test dust G2
shall be provided.

4.4 For manufacturing areas in pharmaceutical plants handling powder, fine filters having
filtering efficiency of 90 % down to a particle size of 5 microns as per IS 7613 test
dust G2 and HEPA filters having filtering efficiency of 99.99 % down to a particle
size of 0.3 microns as per ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2 shall be provided.

5.0 LIGHTING LOADS

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Watts/M2

Pharmaceutical areas 30
Machine, Assembly, Press shops 20
Commercial areas, Show rooms 50

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APPENDIX 3 (CONTD.)
6.0 OCCUPANCY

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA M2 / PERSON

Office areas 5
Auditorium 2
Conference rooms 2.5
Manufacturing areas 10

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