PLANNING, DESIGNING AND ESTIMATION OF OVERHEAD

WATER TANK

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the

Diploma in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by

RAMESH C : 18105293

SARAVANAN M : 18105295

SATHISHKUMAR K : 18105296

SELVAGANAPATHY M : 18105297

SIVAKUMAR B : 18105299

Under the Guidance of

M. SARANYA ., B.E.,

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MOTHER TERESA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

METTUSALAI
ILUPPUR
APRIL - 2020

i
 MOTHER TERESA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

METTUSALAI , ILUPPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled

PLANNING, DESIGNING AND ESTIMATION OF OVERHEAD

WATER TANK

Is a Bonafide record of work done by

RAMESH C : 18105293

SARAVANAN M : 18105295

SATHISHKUMAR K : 18105296

SELVAGANAPATHY M : 18105297

SIVAKUMAR B : 18105299

In a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Diploma in Civil

Engineering, during the academic year 2019-2020 of the State board of technical
Examination, Chennai, Tamilnadu.

M.SARANYA P.SUYAMATHI
GUIDE HOD

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on …………………….

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii
 ABSTRACT

The project is about construction of the proposed “OVERHEAD WATER

TANK” in the small town “ANNAVASAL” near bus stop, Pudukkottai main road.
The proposed site is located at Annavasal where more than five villages. The
increase in percentage of using water and population groeth is considered for
selection of area 36m2 and plinth area rate 20000/m3

The overhead tank is designed for the capacity of 1,80,000 litres. The structure
is constructed using M25 grade of concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Plaster with
cement mortar 1:4. Foundation for all members and design procedure for structural
elements are as per IS 456-2000. The approximate estimated cost of the overhead
tank is Rs.7,20,000. Detailed drawings, design and estimates are included.

iv
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO

ABSTRACT iv

CONTENTS v

LIST OF SYMBOLS vii

I INTRODUCTION 01

II SPECIFICATIONS 12

III METHODOLOGY 15

IV DRAWING 18

V STRUCTURAL DESIGN 20

5.1 Design of Circular water tank 21

5.2 Design of Roof slab 22

5.3 Design of tank walls 24

5.4 Design of Grid beam 31

v
 5.5 Design of Beam 31

5.6 Design of Column 38

5.7 Design of footing 40

VI DETAILED ESTIMATION 45

VII ABSTRACT ESTIMATE 53

VIII CONCLUSION 60

IX REFERENCES 62

vi
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

A = Total area of section

Ab = Equivalent area of helical reinforcement.

Ac = Equivalent area of section

Ah = Area of concrete core.

Am = Area of steel or iron core.

Asc = Area of longitudinal reinforcement (comp.)

Ast = Area of steel (tensile.)

Al = Area of longitudinal torsional reinforcement.

Asv= Total cross-sectional are of stirrup legs or bent up bars within distance Sv

Aw =Area of web reinforcement.

AФ= Area of cross –section of one bars.

a = lever arm.

ac = Area of concrete.

B =flange width of T-beam.

b = width.

br =width of rib.

C =compressive force.

c = compressive stress in concrete.

c’= stress in concrete surrounding compressive steel.

vii
D = depth

d = effective depth

dc = cover to compressive steel

ds= depth of slab

dt= cover to tensile steel

e = eccentricity.

= compressive steel depth factor (=dc/d).

F =shear force characteristic load.

Fd= design load

Fr = radial shear force.

f= stress (in general)

fck= characteristic compressive stress.

Fy= characteristic strength of steel.

H = height.

I = moment of inertia.

Ie=equivalent moment of intertia of stress.

j= lever arm factor.

Ka=coefficient of active earth pressure.

Kp=coefficient of passive earth pressure.

k = neutral axis depth factor (n/d).

viii
L=length.

Ld=devolopment length.

l = effective length of column; length; bond length.

M = bending moment; moment.

Mr=moment of resistance; radial bending moment.

Mt=torsional moment.

Mu= bending moment (limit state design)

Mθ=circumferential bending moment

m = modular ratio.

n = depth of neutral axis.

nc=depth of critical neutral axis.

Pa=active earth pressure.

Pp= passive earth pressure.

Pu= axial load on the member(limit state design).

P = percentage steel.

P’= reinforcement ratio.

Pa=active earth pressure indencity.

Pe=net upward soil pressure.

Q= shear resistance.

q = shear stress due to bending.

ix
q’=shear stress due to torsioN

R= radius.

s= spacing of bars.

sa= average bond stress.

sb= local bond stress.

T=tensile force.

Tu= torsional moment.

t= tensile stress in steel.

tc= compressive stress in compressive steel.

Vu= shear force due to design load.

Vus=strength of shear reinforcement.

W= point load.

X= coordinate.

xu= depth of neutral axis.

Z= distance.

α = inclination.

β = surcharge angle.

γ = unit weight of soil

γf=partial safety factor appropriate to the loading.

γm= partial safety factor appropriate to the material.

x
σcc = permissible stress in concrete.

σcbc= permissible compressive stress in concrete due to bending.

σsc= permissible compressive stress in bars.

σst= permissible stress in steel in tension.

σst= permissible tensile strss in shear reinforcement.

σsy= yield point compressive stress in steel.

μ = co efficient of friction.

xi
1
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 WATER TANK

A water tank is an elevated structure supporting a water reservoir

constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a water supply system for the
distribution of potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire
protection.Water tanks often operate in conjunction with underground or
surface service reservoirs, which store treated water close to where it will be
used. Other types of water towers may only store raw (non-potable) water for
fire protection or industrial purposes, and may not necessarily be connected
to a public water supply.

Water tank are able to supply water even during power outages, because
they rely on hydrostatic pressure produced by elevation of water (due to
gravity) to push the water into domestic and industrial water distribution
systems; however, they cannot supply the water for a long time without power,
because a pump is typically required to refill the tower. A water tower also
serves as a reservoir to help with water needs during peak usage times. The
water level in the tower typically falls during the peak usage hours of the day,
and then a pump fills it back up during the night. This process also keeps the
water from freezing in cold weather, since the tower is constantly being
drained and refilled.[citation needed]

Although the use of elevated water storage tanks has existed since
ancient times in various forms, the modern use of water towers for pressurized
public water systems developed during the mid-19th century, as steam-

2
pumping became more common, and better pipes that could handle higher
pressures were developed. In Great Britain, standpipes, literally consisted of
tall, exposed, inverted u-shaped pipes, used for pressure relief and to provide
a fixed elevation for steam-driven pumping engines which tended to produce
a pulsing flow, while the pressurized water distribution system required
constant pressure. Standpipes also provided a convenient fixed location to
measure flow rates. Designers typically enclosed the riser pipes in decorative
masonry or wooden structures. By the late 19th-Century, standpipes grew to
include storage tanks to meet the ever-increasing demands of growing cities.

A variety of materials can be used to construct a typical water tower;

steel and or pre stress concrete are most often used (with wood, or brick also
in use), incorporating an interior coating to protect the water from any effects
from the lining material. The reservoir in the tower may be spherical,
cylindrical, or an ellipsoid with a minimum height of approximately 6 metres
and a minimum of 4 m in diameter A). standard water tower typically has a
height of approximately 40 m Pressurization occurs through the hydrostatic
pressure of the elevation of water; or every 10.20 centimetres of elevation, it
produces 1 kilopascal of pressure. 30 m of elevation produce roughly 300 kPa,
which is enough pressure to operate and provide for most domestic water
pressure and distribution system requirements.

The height of the tower provides the pressure for the water supply
system, and it may be supplemented with a pump. The volume of the reservoir
and diameter of the piping provide and sustain flow rate. However, relying on
a pump to provide pressure is expensive; to keep up with varying demand, the
pump would have to be sized to meet peak demands. During periods of low
demand, jockey pumps are used to meet these lower water flow requirements.

3
The water tower reduces the need for electrical consumption of cycling pumps
and thus the need for an expensive pump control system, as this system would
have to be sized sufficiently to give the same pressure at high flow rates.

Very high volumes and flow rates are needed when fighting fires. With
awater tower present, pumps can be sized for average demand, not peak
demand; the water tower can provide water pressure during the day and pumps
will refill the water tower when demands are lower.

TYPES OF OVERHEAD TANKS:

A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirements.
It is an important structure in day today life as it fulfils the daily requirement
of water to public needs.

The water tanks can be classified under three heads:

1) Tanks resting on ground.

2) Elevated tanks supported on staging.

3) Underground tanks.

From the shape point of view, water tanks are classified as ,

1) Circular tanks.

2) Rectangular tanks

3) Spherical tanks

4) Intze tank

5) Circular tank with conical bottoms.

4
 For our design, the most popular water tank in India, the circular overhead
tank is chosen

1.1.1 OVERHEAD CIRCULAR WATER TANK:

When water is filled in circular tank, the hydrostatic water pressure will
try to increase in diameter at any section. However, this increase in the
diameter all long the height of the tank will depend on the nature of the joint
at the junction of the wall and bottom slab. If the joint is flexible, it will be
free to move outward . the hydrostatic pressure will be zero and hence there
will be no change in diameter and hydrostatic pressure at the bottom will be
maximum, resulting in the maximum increase in the diameter and maximum
movement ,if joint is flexible.

When the joint between the wall and floor is rigid, no horizontal
displacement of the wall at the joint is possible. The deflected shape of the
wall will be along deflected. The upper part will have hoop tension, while the
lower part will bend like cantilever fixed at joint at the bottom. For shallow
tanks with large diameter, hoop stresses are very small and the wall acts more
like cantilever. For deep tanks of small diameter, the cantilever action due to
fixed at the base will be small and the hoop action will be predominant.

1.2 PROPOSED SITE:

The proposed site for our project is located at Annavasal of Pudukkottai

district. Our site situated at the place where all the natural conditions are
suitable for the construction of elevated overhead water tank. This location is
one of the developing area, where there is steady increase in Population in
recent years. The population of the area according to recent survey is around
1260. Thus this location requires a periodic water supply system atleast twice

5
a week. This location consist nearly 50% agricultural land. Around 450+
houses are there and so it requires more than 100m3 capacity water tank. From
the three major types of water tank, we had adopted Elevated Overhead tank
because the location needs pressurized water supply. Other than Elevated
Overhead tanks, other types of water tank are not suitable because they do not
give pressurized water supply like Elevated Overhead Tank.

1.3 SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY :

The various sources of water can be classified into two categories: Surface
sources, such as

1. Ponds and lakes

2. Streams and rivers

3. Storage reservoirs

4. Oceans, generally not used for water supplies, at present.

Sub-surface sources or underground sources, such as

1. Springs

2. Infiltration wells

3. Wells and Tube-wells.

1.3.1 Water Quantity Estimation

The quantity of water required for municipal uses for which the water
supply scheme has to be designed requires following data:

6
 Water consumption rate (Per Capita Demand in litres per day per head)
Population to be served.

Quantity= Per demand x Population

It is very difficult to precisely assess the quantity of water demanded

by the public, since there are many variable factors affecting water
consumption. The various types of water demands, which a city may have,
may be broken into following class

Domestic purpose 135 litres/c/d

Industrial use 40 litres/c/d

Public use 25 litres/c/d

Fire demand 15 litres/c/d

Losses, Wastage and thefts 55 litres/c/d

Total 270 litres/c/d

TABLE 1. WATER DEMAND

The factors affecting water demand may be summarized as follows

• Size of the city

• Presence of industries.

• Climatic conditions.

7
 • Habits of economic status.

• Quality of water:

• Pressure in the distribution system.

• Efficiency of water works administration:

• Cost of water.

• Policy of metering and charging method

This quantity should be worked out with due provision for the estimated
Requirements of the future. The future period for which a provision is made
in the water supply scheme is known as the design period.

Design period is estimated based on the following:

• Useful life of the component , considering obsolescence, wear, tear, etc.

Expandability aspect.

Anticipated rate of growth of population, including industrial, commercial

developments & migration-immigration.

• Available resources.

• Performance of the system during initial period.

1.4 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (IS: 3370)

Plain concrete structures: Plain concrete members of reinforced

concrete liquid structures may be designed against structural failure by
allowing tension in plain concrete as per permissible limits for tension in
bending specified in IS:456- 2000.

8
 1. Permissible Stresses in Concrete:

(a) for resistance to cracking : the IS:456-2000 does not specify the permissible
stresses in concrete for its resistance to cracking. The permissible tensile
stresses due to bending apply to face of the member in contact with the liquid.
In members with the thickness less than 225mm and in contact with the liquid
on one side.

(b) For strength calculations: For strength calculations the usual permissible
stresses in accordance with IS:456-2000 are used. Where the calculated shear
stress in concrete above exceeds the permissible value, reinforcement acting
in conjunction with diagonal compression in concrete shall be provided to
take whole of the shear.

3.Permissible Stresses in Steel in Reinforcement:

When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking the
tensile stresses in concrete for avoidance of cracking the tensile stresses in
steel will be limited by the requirement that the permissible tensile stress in
concrete is not exceeded so that tensile stresses in steel shall be equal to
product of modular ratio of steel and concrete.

4.Steel reinforcement:

The minimum reinforcement in walls ,floor, and roofs in each of the

two directions at right angles shall have an area of 0.3% of the concrete section
in that direction for sections up to 100mm thickness. For sections of thickness
greater than 100mm and less than 450 mm the minimum reinforcement in
each of the two directions shall be linearly be reduced from 0.3% for 100 mm
thick section to 0.2% for 450mm, the minimum reinforcement in each of the
two directions shall be kept at .2%.

9
5.Minimum cover to reinforcement:

For liquid faces of parts of members either in contact with the liquid or
enclosing the space above the liquid, the minimum cover to all reinforcement
should be 25mm or the diameter of main bar, whichever is greater.

1.5 PROJECT SCOPE

 To make a study about the analysis and design of water tank.

 To make a study about the guidelines for the design of liquid

retaining structures according to IS Code.

 To know about the design philosophy for the safe and

economical design of water tank.

 To conduct case studies on the existing overhead water tank.

 To know about the problems faced by the people in water supply

around the areas of existing water tank.

 To find the possible solution and meet the daily requirements of

water.

 To overcome the problem of low water pressure at all

distribution ends.

 To choose a location around the area where water losses are

minimum and good efficiency is maintained.

 To increase the design life period and serviceability of the

structure.

1.6 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

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To plan and design a water tank (Overhead Water Tank – made of Reinforced
Cement Concrete) for illupur.

1.7 PROJECT COMPONENTS

* Functional Planning

- Selection of Site

- Estimation of Tank Capacity

- Design of Tank Dimensions

* Structural Design

- Preparation of Tank Plan using AUTOCAD

- Manual Design

11
12
 CHAPTER II

SPECIFICATION

OVERHEAD WATER TANK

Specifications: The following specification corresponds to the line plan of a

overhead water tank.

2.1 Foundation:

The foundation for all main walls be in plain cement concrete 1:4:8 mix, 2600 mm
wide and 1003mm thick, laid at 1003mm below ground level. The masonry footings
will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5. The third being 300 for all walls.

2.2 Basement:

The basement will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5, 300X450 above ground
level for all walls and is filled with earth to a depth of 300. A damp proof course, in
cement mortar 1:3, 20 thick will be provided for all walls at basement level.

2.3 Superstructure:

All walls will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5, 200 thick. The height of all
walls will be 3500 above floor level. The partition walls will 100 thick in brick work
in cement mortar 1:5, 3000 high, constructed over the flooring concrete. All the walls
including basement shall be plastered smooth with cement mortar 1:4 externally and
1:6 internally for 12.5 thick. Parapet walls 300 thick and 600 high will be provided
in cement mortar 1:5 all round.

13
2.4 Roofing:

The roofing shall be of R.C.C 1:1.5:3 mix, 200 thick slab over the rooms. A
weathering course in brick jelly lime concrete and plastered with combination mortar
1:5:9 mix, 75 thick shall be provided over the slab.

2.5 Door, Windows etc.,

MD - Main door : 3000 x 2000

D1 - Glazed door : 1000 x 2000

W - Glazed window : 1500 x 1000

V - Glazed ventilation : 900 x 450

2.6 Lintel:

All external opening will be provided with 150 thick R.C.C mix, lintel –cum-
sunshade and will be 450 wide. All internal openings will provide with 150 thick
R.C.C. 1:1.5:3 mix lintels.

2.7 Flooring:

The flooring will be in cement concrete 1:5:10 mix, 130 thick, the top finished
smooth with cement mortar 1:3, 20 thick plasters for all the rooms.

2.8 Steps:

Steps will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5 mix, laid on 1600 x 300 cement
1:5:10 mix footing. Rise will be 150 and 300

14
15
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Collection of data

Planning NBC

Drafting Autocad

Footing, Column,
Designing Lintel, Sunshade,
Slab

Estimation TN PWD 2018-2019

Proper nomenclature of floors and storey’s and also unified and improved
methods of designating the structural members eliminate the possible confusion and
led to less efforts and saving in time in the preparation of design calculation and
drawings There are two main methods to design the structural members, they are

16
working stress method and limit state method. Here, we adopt the limit state method
for designing all the structural members involved, in our project.

The structures are designed to its elastic limit in the working stress method,
whereas in the limit state method of design, the structural members are designed up
to its plastic limits. Both the methods are having the safety value. But, the most
economical method is the limits state method, which is adopted in every
constructional design nowadays.

Hence, we planned to go for the limit state method of design. For our project
work we took only for important structural members to design they are slab, beam,
column and footing. The slab is designed by assuming it as simply supported with
four edges discontinuous, for easier design calculation. The beam is designed by
knowing its span and its location (inner and outer). The beam must carry the self-
weight of slab and live load of 4KN on its self-weight also.

The live load on each beam will be calculated separately by considering the
load transmission diagram. In some beams where the wall is constructed above it,
the self-weight of wall has to be added. The column and footing design are made by
knowing the maximum axial load on each column.

17
18
CHAPTER IV

DRAWING

19
20
 CHAPTER V

DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

5.1 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK:

PERMISSIBLE STRESS:

σcbc = 8.5 N/mm2

σcc = 6 N/mm2

σct = 1.3 N/mm2[ for Tank wall ] and 3.2 N/mm2

σst = 150 N/mm2

DIMENSION OF TANK:

Capacity = 180000litres (m3)

Π x 4 x D2/ 4 = 180

∴D =7.5m say 8m

Load Calculation:

Self weight of slab = 0.125 x 25 x 1 = 3.125 N/mm2

Self weight of beam = 0.3 x 25 x 0.65 = 2.65 N/mm2 Live load + floor
finish load = 2.5 N/ mm2

Total load = 3.125 + 2.5

= 3.125 + 5.625 + 2.625

∴Total Load = 8.250

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THICKNESS OF TANK WALL:

t = Thickness of tank wall , from cracking consideration.

(ϒ x H x D /2)/ (1000t + (m-1) Ast) = σct (10 x 4.2 x 8/2) / [ 1000 x t + 12 x1680]
= 1.3

1) t = 109 mm ~ 110 mm

2) t = (30 x H ) + 50

= (30 x 4.2 )+50

t = 176 mm

5.2 DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB :

D = 8.176 M

Thickness of slab = 125MM Self weight = 0.125 x 25 x1 = 3.125k N/m2

Live Load = 1 kN/m2

Total Load = 4.125 kN/m2 CENTER OF SLAB:

(Mx)c = (Mθ)c = 3/16 x w 2 u

= 3/16 x 4.125 x (8.176/2)2

(Mx)c = 12.91kN/ m2

Circumferential Moment:

(Mθ)c =2/16 x wu2

∴ (Mθ)c = 8.61kN/m2

d = √12.91 𝑥 106

22
 √1000 𝑥 1.32

= 98.9 mm ~ 100mm

Provide total thickness of 176 mm using 12 mm dia bars with clear cover of 15 mm.

D = 176 – 15 – 6

= 155 mm

For 1stLayer ,

155 – 12 = 143mm

Circumferential Reinforcement required @ center, Ast

=12.9x106/143 x0.853 x 155

= 682.24~ 690 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia bars.

Spacing = ast/Ast x 1000

= 113 /690 x 1000

= 163.76 mmc/c

= 176 -15 – 2x12 – 6

= 131 mm

(Ast)θ = 8.61 x 106/ 11.5 x 0.85 x 131

= 672 mm2

Spacing = 169 mm c/c

The Circumferential steel will be provided for a length = 2/3 x 45 x Φ

23
 = 2/3 x 45 x 12

=360 mm ~315 mm c/c

Hence provide 12mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c spacing.

Total Rings = 360/200

= 1.8 ~ 2

Pr =½xwxa

= ½ x4.125 x (8.176/2)

= (8.43 x 103) / 1000 x 143

= 0.058 kN/ m2< 2 N/mm2

Hence Safe

5.3 DESIGN OF TANK WALLS:

The maximum ring tension occurs at depth 3m below the water surface ( table 5.15
Hoop tension)

Pr = 0.608(w x H x d/2) at 0.6 x H from top

Pr = (0.608 x 10 x 4.2 x 8/2)

Pr = 102.14 kN

Acting at 2.52 meters from top

Ast = 102.14 x 103/ 115

= 888mm2

Provide 12mm dia rods

24
Spacing:

Spacing = (113.09 / 888) x 1000

= 127 mm c/c

Both sides = 254 Provide rings 250 mm spacing as provided.

Tensile Stress in concrete wall

= [102.14 x 103/ 1000 x 210 + 12 x 888 ] < 1.2

= 0.48 N/mm2<1.2 N/mm2

Hence Safe

Bending Moment = 3155.6 N m

d = √3155.6 𝑥 103

√1000 𝑥 1.5

d = 45.86 mm ~50 mm Provide minimum thickness = (3H + 5)

= (3 x 4 + 5)

= 12 +4 = 16cm

Using 12mm dia bars and clear cover as 25 mm,

Available d = 160 – 31

= 109 mm

Actual BM = 3155.6 x 103 / 115 x 0.853 x 109

25
 = 295.12 mm2 ~ 295 mm2

= Provide 10 mm dia bars

Spacing =ast/ Astx 1000

= 78.53 / 295 x 1000

= 270 mm c/c

∴Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 270 mm c/c spacing.

Development length ,Ld = (10 x 115 ) / (4 x 0.8)

= 360 mm = 0.36m

400mm c/c spacing clear cover 25 mm. Distribution reinforcement of 0.3 % A st

= (0.3 /100) x 160 x 1000

= 480 mm2

Area of steel on each face = 240 mm2

No additional reinforcement will be provided at the inner face, since the Vertical
steel for cantilever

Provide 8 mm dia bars

∴ Spacing =ast/ Ast x1000

= 50.25 / 480

= 210 mm

26
∴ Provide Distribution reinforcement of 8 mm dia bars @ 210 mm c/c spacing.

Development length ,Ld = (10 x 115 ) / (4 x 0.8)

= 360 mm

= 0.36m

400mm c/c spacing clear cover 25 mm. Distribution reinforcement of 0.3 % Ast
= (0.3 /100) x 160 x 1000

= 480 mm2

Area of steel on each face = 240 mm2

No additional reinforcement will be provided at the inner face, since the Vertical
steel for cantilever

Provide 8 mm dia bars

∴ Spacing =ast/ Ast x1000

= 50.25 / 480 = 210 mm

∴ Provide Distribution reinforcement of 8 mm dia bars @ 210 mm c/c spacing.

BASE SLAB:

Slab thickness = 210 mm

Weight of water = 3 x 1 x 1 x 9.8 = 23.4 kN / m2

Self weight of slab = 0.21 x 1 x 25 = 5.25 kN / m2

Weight of roof slab = 0.125 x 1 x 25 = 3.125 kN / m2

Weight of tank wall = 0.125 x 1 x 25 = 3.125

27
 P = 35 kN / m2

Circumferential Moment = (Mo)c

= (1/16) x P x a2

= (1/16) x 35 x (8.125/2)2

= 36.10 kN m

∴Radial moment = 36.10 kN m

Radial shear = (1/2) x P x a

= ½ x 35.6 x (8.125 / 2)

= 72.31 kN.m

(Mr)c = (2/16) x P x a2

= (2/16) x 35 x (8.125/2)2

= 58.72 kN m
Radial Moment is zero at radius given by ,

Mr =0

= (1/16) x P x (a2 – 3r2)

r = a / 2√3

= 8.125 / 2√3

28
 ∴r = 2.34 m

Point of Contra = 1.08m

flexure

d = √68.72 𝑥 106 / √1000 𝑥 1.32

d = 227 mm

Using 25mm clear cover

Effective Depth = 227 +25 + 12.5

= 264.5 mm

Say 270 mm

= 270 – 25 – 12.5 = 232.5 mm

Spacing:

Ast = (58.72 x 106) / ( 115 x 0.853 x 232.5)

∴Ast = 2574 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia rods

Spacing =ast / Ast x 1000

= 490 / 2574 x 1000 = 190 mm

∴ Provide 25 mm dia radial bars @ 190 mm c/c from edge to the distance 1.08
m.

Provide 2 rings of 25 mm dia wires to support these.

29
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Pr = 58.72

𝛕V = Pr/ b x d

= 58.72 x 103/ 1000 x 232.5

= 0.256

=100 Ast / b x d

= 100 x 2574 / 1000 x 232.5

= 1.15

𝛕c = 0.64 -------

𝛕v<𝛕c

Hence it is safe for shear section

30
5.4 DESIGN OF BEAM:

Square beam

Size = 300x300

Self weight of slab = 3.125KN

Self weight of beam = 2.625KN

Floor finish +live load = 2.5KN

W = 8.25KN/M

DESIGN

Effective depth

d = 300-50

= 250mm

LOAD CALCULATION:

Load on beam = 8.25KN/M

Dead load = 25x0.3x0.3

= 2.25KN/M

Total load = 8.25+2.25

= 10.5KN/M

Design load = 10.5x1.5

= 15.75KN/M

31
MOMENT CALCULATION:

Mu = WL2/8

= 15.75X32/8

= 17.17KNM

Mub = 0.138fckbd2

= 0.138x20x300x3002

Mu = 74.52x106KN

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

Mub =0.87 fyAST d (1-(415AST/fck bd)

74.52x106 =0.87x415Xastx300(1-415AST/20X300X250)

74.52X106 =90.26X103AST-24.97AST2

AST = 1276.14mm2

Assume 25mm dia bar

No of bars = AST/ast

= 1276.14/384.65

= 3.32

Say 4nos

Provide 4 nos 25mm dia

32
SHEAR REINFORCEMRNT:

Vu = WL2/2

= 15.75X3/2

= 23.55KN

𝛕V = Vu/bd

= 23.55x103/300x250

= 0.314N/mm2

Pt = 100AST/bd

= 100x1276.14/300x250

= 1.70%

From the table 19, IS 456-2000

𝛕c = 0.72N/mm

Hence 𝛕c <𝛕V

The section is safe in shear yet minimum shear reinforcement is provided for
beam S𝑆𝑢 = 0.87 fyAsv/0.4 b

= 0.87x415x2x50.3/0.4x300

= 302mm

say 300mm Provide stirrups 8mm @ 300mm spacing c/c

5.5 DESIGN OF GRID BEAM :

Size = 300x650

33
Self weight of (roof + floor) slab = 5.25 KN

Weight of tank wall = 2.625KN

Floor finish +live load = 2.5 KN

W = 8.25KN/M

DESIGN

Effective depth

D = 600mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Load on beam =8.25KN/M

Dead load = 25x0.3x0.65 =2.25KN/M

Total load =8.25+2.25 =10.5KN/M

Design load =10.5x1.5 =15.75KN/M

MOMENT CALCULATION

Mu = WL2/8

= 15.75X32/8

= 17.17 kN m

Mub = 0.138fckbd2

= 0.138x20x300x6002

34
 MU = 298.08x106kN m

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

Mub =0.87 fyAst d (1-(415Ast/fck bd)

74.52x106 =0.87x415x astx300(1-415Ast/20 x300x600)

74.52X106 =90.26X103Ast -24.97Ast2

Ast = 1715.0 mm2

Assume 25mm dia bars

Spacing = ast/Ast X1000 490.87 / 1715.0 x1000

= 286.22mm

Say 285 mm spacing

No of bars = Ast/ast

= 1715 /285

= 6.01 nos

Provide 7nos 25mm dia

SHEAR REINFORCEMRNT:

Vu = WL/2

= (15.75x3) /2

= 23.55KN

𝛕V = Vu/bd

= 23.55x103/300x600

35
 = 0.13 N/mm2

Pt = 100Ast/bd

= 100x1715/300x600

= 0.95 %

From the Table 19, IS 456-2000

𝛕c = 0.8 N/mm2

Hence 𝛕c < 𝛕V

The section is safe in shear yet minimum shear reinforcement is provided for beam

Su = 0.87 fyx Asv/0.4 b

= 0.87x415x2x50.3/0.4x300

= 302mm

say 300mm Provide stirrups 8mm @ 300mm spacing c/c

36
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

37
5.6 DEISGN OF COLUMN:

Size = 300 x 300

(since the total load on column is p =96.56 kN ,we design the column for the max.
load of 1000kN for more obtaining more serviceability)

Axial load = 1000 KN

SBC of soil = 200 KN/m2

Material = M20 & Fe415

MAIN COLIUMN REINFORCEMENT:

Factored load on column ,Pu = (1.5 x 1000)

= 1500 KN

P = 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc

= 0.4fck(Ag-Asc) + 0.67fyAsc

Ag = 300 x 300

= 90000 Nm2

1x103 = 0.4 x 20 (9x104- Asc) + 0.67 x AIS x Asc

= 720 x 103-8Asc + 278.05Asc

1 x 103 = 720 x103 + 270.05 Asc

780 x 103 = 270.05Asc

38
 Asc = 780 x 103/270.05

= 2888.33 mm2

Ac = Ag – Asc

= 9000 – 2888.33

= 87.11 x 103

Min. reinforcement = 0.8% of gross Area

Asc = 720 mm2

Provide 4 bars of 22mm dia. With

Asc = 1520 mm2

Lateral ties:

Greater diameters of,

i. 22\4 = 5.5 mm

ii. 5 mm Adopt 6mm dia. Ties Pitch of ties is the least of

i. Least lateral dimensions = 300 mm

ii. 16 times of longitudinal bar = 16 x 22 = 352 mm

iii. 300 mm

Adopt 6mm ties @ 250 mm C/C.

39
5.7 DESIGN OF FOOTING:

(since the load axial load on the footing is 96.56 kN we choose the max. load of 1000
kN for the obtaining more serviceability)

Load on column = 1000x 1.5

= 1500 KN Self weight of footing (10% )

= 150 KN

Total ultimate, Wu = 1650 KN

Footing area = (1650/1.5 x 200)

= 5.5 m

Hence , (3X x 5X) = 5.5

40
 X = 0.604m

Short side of footing = (3 x 0.604)

= 1.814 m

Long side of footing = (5 x 0.604) = 3.02 m Adopt isolated sloped footing.

Upward soil pressure at service load,

= (1000/2 x 3)

= 167 KN/m3< 200 KN/m3

Hence it is safe.

Factored soil pressure, Pu= (1.5 x 167)

= 250.5 KN/m2

= 0.2505 N/mm2

Factored moments:

Cantilever projection from the short side face of the column’

= 0.5 (3- 0.5)

= 1.25m

Cantilever projection from the long side face of the column,

= 0.5 (2-0.5)

= 0.85 m

BM at the short side face of the column is,

= (0.5PuL2)

41
 = (0.5 x 250.5 x 1.252)

BM at the long side face of column is, = (0.5PuL2)

= (0.5 x 250.5 x 0.852)

= 90.5 KNm

42
DEPTH OF FOOTING:

From moment consideration,

Mu = 0.138fckba2

D = √𝑀𝑢 / (0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏)

= √195.7 𝑥 106 / (0.138 𝑥 20 𝑥 103= 266.3 mm

From shear,

The critical section for one way shear is located at a distance from the face of the
column.

Shear force per meter width,

Vu = 0.2505 x 103(1250 – d)

Assuming shear strength of concrete,

Te = 0.36 N/mm2

M20 grade concrete

P1 = 0.25

Tc = (Vu/ bd)

0.36 = {(0.2505 x 103(1250 – d)/103 x d}

D = 513 mm

Hence adopt effective depth, d = 550 mm

Overall depth, D = 600 mm

43
 Footing reinforcement:

(From IS 456-2000 CLAUSE 9.1.1)

Longer direction ,

Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1-Astfy/bdfck]

195.7 x 106 = 0.87Ast x 415 x 550 [1-415Ast/103 x 550 x

20]

Ast = 1029 mm2

Use 16mm dia. Bars at 160mm c/c,

Ast = 1257mm2

Shorter direction:

(90.5 x 106) = 0.87Ast x 415 x 550 [1-415 Ast/103 x 550 x 20]

Ast = 468mm2

Ratio of long to short side= B = (3/2)

= 1.5

Reinforcement in central band width of 2m, = [2/B+1] Ast

= [2/1.5+1](2 x 468)

= 749mm

Hence provided 12mm dia. Bar at 150mm C/C,

Ast = 754mm2

44
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

One way shear:

The critical section for one way shear is located at distance ‘d’ from the face of the
column,

Factored shear force per meter width, Vu = 250.5 x 0.7

= 176 KN

(100ast/bd) = (100 x 1257/1000 x 550)

= 0.228

Permissible shear stress = (Ks Tc)

= (1 x 0.33)

= 0.33 N/mm2

Nominal shear stress ,Tu = (Vu/ba)

= (176 x 103/1000 x 550)

= 0.32 N/mm2

Two way shear:

The critical section for two-way shear is located at a distance of 0.5d from the face
of column,

Shear force on critical section,

Vu = [(3 x 2) – (1.05 x 0.85)]250.5

= 1280 KN

45
Periphery of the critical section,

Bo = 2(1.05+0.85)

= 3.8m

Tu = [Vu/bd]

= (1280 x 1000/3.8 x 1000 x 550)

= 0.612 N/mm2

The Permissible shear stress = Ks Tc

Ks = (0.5+Pc) but > 1 and

Tc = 0.16fck

Pc = (0.3/0.5)

= 0.6

Ks = (0.5 + 0.6)

= 1.1

Limited = 1

Tc = 0.6√20

= 0.715 N/mm2

Ks x Tc = (1 x 0.175)

= 0.715 N/mm2

“Ks Tc>Tc” Hence safe.

46
47
 CHAPTER VI

DETAILED ESTIMATE

Name of the work:

Detailed Estimate for the Proposed Construction of RCC
Over head water tank At Illupur,Pudukkottai District

Estimate Cost : RS
7,20,000 /-

SlNo Description of Nos L Qty

works D H
1 Earth work excavation
for
foundation in all soils
with
initial lead and lifts etc
complete.
4 1.22 1.22 1.83 10.895088
Columns
1 15.00 0.46 0.46 3.174
Grade beam
0.93
Sundries
15.00
m3
2 Supplying and filling the
sand for
foundation and
basement flooring with
ramped watered
complying
with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: 4 1.22 1.22 0.23 1.369328
Columns
1 15.00 0.46 0.15 1.035
Grade beam
0.6
Sundries
3
m3
b.Basement:
column area alround 1 4.5 3 0.46 6.21
0.79
Sundries
7

48
 m3
3 Earth Filling upto
Basement Height,
Using Grusher Dust Qty 7.00
as per Item No:2b
0
Sundries
7.00
m3
4 P.C.C 1:5:10 using
40mm HBG stone
Jelly for foundation and
flooring watered
complying with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: Qty .as 3.00
per Item No: 2a
b.Flooring : Qty .as 7.00
per Item No: 2b
Sundries 0
10.00
m3

5 RCC 1:11/2:3 using

20mm HBG
stone Jelly for R.C.C
work
such as lintel,
columns,beams
sunshade etc,complete.
Column Mat 4 0.91 0.91 0.30 0.99
Column 4 0.30 0.3 9.15 3.29
Post
Grade 1 15.00 0.23 0.38 1.31
beam
brace 2 15.00 0.3 0.30 2.70
grit beam 1 15.00 0.35 0.65 3.41
roof slab 2 6.28
wall alround 1 37.69
Sundries 0.32
56
m3
6 Supplying and
fabrication reinforcement
for R.C.C works such as
lintel,,
columns,
beams,sunshade
etc,Complete
Qty Item No.6 5600
49
 56.00 m3 of concrete x 5600
100kg / m3
kg
7 Supplying and erection
of Shuttering
for R.C.C works such as
lintel,
columns,sunshade, roof
slab etc.,
complete.
Column Mat 4 0.91 - 0.30 1.092
Column 4 0.30 - 9.15 10.98
Post
Grade 1 15.00 - 0.38 5.70
beam
brace 2 15.00 - 0.30 9
grit beam 1 15.00 - 0.65 9.75
roof slab 2 6.28
wall alround 1 37.69
Sundries 0.51
81
m2
8 Wall Plastering in CM
1:4,using 12mm,
thick for exterior and
20mm thick for
interior for walls.
695.65
= 80/0.23 X 2
0.30
Sundries
696
m2
LUMPSUM
PROVISIONS

9 Provision for white wash

,
colour wash, Painting for
Premium Quality Paints
including Labour ----
charges ------
L.S
------
-----

10 Provision for
Electrification
arrangements. -----
-----
50
 L.S
------
-----

11 Plumbing for water

supply line & fittings
arrangements. -----
-----
L.S
------
-----

12 miscelleneous items ---

------
-
L.S
------
-----

Say as Rs 7,20,000/-
( Rupees Seven Lakhs and twenty thousand Only )

51
52
 CHAPTER VII

ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Name of the work:

Detailed Estimate for the Proposed Construction of RCC
Over head water tank At Illupur,Pudukkottai District

Estimate Cost : RS
7,20,000 /-

SlNo Description of Nos Qty Rate Amount (Rs)

works (Rs)
1 Earth work excavation
for
foundation in all soils
with
initial lead and lifts etc
complete.
4 10.895088
Columns
1 3.174
Grade beam
0.93
Sundries
15.00 350 5,250
m3 m3
2 Supplying and filling the
sand for
foundation and
basement flooring with
ramped watered
complying
with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: 4 1.369328
Columns
1 1.035
Grade beam
0.6
Sundries
3 650 1,950
m3 m3
b.Basement:
column area alround 1 6.21
0.79
Sundries
7 650 4,550

53
 m3 m3
3 Earth Filling upto
Basement Height,
Using Grusher Dust Qty 7.00
as per Item No:2b
0
Sundries
7.00 550 3,850
m3 m3
4 P.C.C 1:5:10 using
40mm HBG stone
Jelly for foundation and
flooring watered
complying with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: Qty .as 3.00
per Item No: 2a
b.Flooring : Qty .as 7.00
per Item No: 2b
Sundries 0
10.00 1000 10,000
m3 m3

5 RCC 1:11/2:3 using

20mm HBG
stone Jelly for R.C.C
work
such as lintel,
columns,beams
sunshade etc,complete.
Column Mat 4 0.99
Column 4 3.29
Post
Grade 1 1.31
beam
brace 2 2.70
grit beam 1 3.41
roof slab 2 6.28
wall alround 1 37.69
Sundries 0.32
56 3000 168000
m3 m3
6 Supplying and
fabrication reinforcement
for R.C.C works such as
lintel,,
columns,
beams,sunshade
etc,Complete
Qty Item No.6 5600

54
 56.00 m3 of concrete x 5600 48 268800
100kg / m3
kg kg
7 Supplying and erection
of Shuttering
for R.C.C works such as
lintel,
columns,sunshade, roof
slab etc.,
complete.
Column Mat 4 1.092
Column 4 10.98
Post
Grade 1 5.70
beam
brace 2 9
grit beam 1 9.75
roof slab 2 6.28
wall alround 1 37.69
Sundries 0.51
81 350 28350
m2 m2
8 Wall Plastering in CM
1:4,using 12mm,
thick for exterior and
20mm thick for
interior for walls.
695.65
= 80/0.23 X 2
0.30
Sundries
696 250 174000
m2 m2
LUMPSUM
PROVISIONS

9 Provision for white wash

,
colour wash, Painting for
Premium Quality Paints
including Labour 35,000
charges

10 Provision for
Electrification
arrangements. 10,000

11 Plumbing for water

supply line & fittings

55
 arrangements. 10,000

12 miscelleneous items 250

TOTAL 7,20,000

Say as Rs 7,20,000/-
( Rupees Seven Lakhs and twenty thousand Only )

56
57
 CHAPTER VIII

CONCLUSION

The objective of the project was to design a circular overhead tank for a village
panchayat and the same was achieved as listed as follows

 Illupur was chosen as the location and population was estimated for
the panchayat. Based on the estimated population and prevailing
water demand, the quantity of water to be supplied and stored in the
tank was computed.
 The plan and other drawings for the circular overhead water tank
was prepared using AutoCAD 2D software
 Based on the design data, the overhead circular tank was designed
manually.
 The design would satisfy the safety and economy norms and can be
used for any village panchayat with similar population.

58
59
 CHAPTER IX

REFERENCES

 Dayaratnam P. Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures. New Delhi.

Oxford & IBH publication.2000
 Sayal & Goel .Reinforced Concrete Structures. New Delhi. S.Chand
publication.2004.

CODE BOOKS
 IS 456-2000 CODE FOR PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
 IS 3370-1965 CODE FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR
STORAGE OF LIQUIDS
 IS 11682 – 1985 CODE FOR RCC STAGING OF STRUCTURES

60