03/03/2016

TRANSISTOR

Herman Budi Harja S.T.,M.T.

MEKATRONIKA 1
TEKNIK MESIN UNJANI

Materi
 Konstruksi
 Prinsip Kerja dan Karakteristik
 Penerapan

Konstruksi Transisitor
 two polarities:
npn and pnp

Base

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Basic Model
npn transistor

Diode

Diode

pnp transistor

Diode

Diode

Pnp Npn

Analogi

force – voltage/current
water flow – current
- amplification

Understanding of BJT

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View Komponen

Heat sink

Pemeriksaan Transisitor

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Control Device

Currents

 Hubungan arus yang terjadi pada Collector dan Base

adalah:
 characteristic is
approximately linear
 magnitude of collector
current is generally
many times that of the
base current
 the device provides
current gain

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Conventional View

Transistor Operation

 We will consider npn transistors

 pnp devices are similar but with different polarities of voltage
and currents
 when using npn transistors
 collector is normally more positive than the emitter
 VCE might be a few volts
 device resembles two back-to-back diodes – but has very different
characteristics
 with the base open-circuit negligible current flows from the collector
to the emitter

 Now consider what happens when a positive voltage

is applied to the base (with respect to the emitter)
 this forward biases the base-emitter junction
 the base region is light doped and very thin
 because it is likely doped, the current produced is
mainly electrons flowing from the emitter to the base
 because the base region is thin, most of the electrons entering the
base get swept across the base-collector junction into the
collector
 this produces a collector current that is much larger than the
base current – this gives current amplification

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 Transistor action

Characteristics

 Behaviour can be described by the current gain, hfe or

by the transconductance, gm of the device

 Transistor configurations
 transistors can be used in a
number of configurations
 most common is as shown
 emitter terminal is common to
input and output circuits
 this is a common-emitter
configuration
 we will look at the characteristics
of the device in this configuration

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 Input characteristics
 the input takes the form of
a forward-biased pn
junction
 the input characteristics
are therefore similar to
those of a semiconductor
diode

 Output characteristics
 region near to the
origin is the
saturation region
 this is normally
avoided in linear
circuits
 slope of lines
represents the
output resistance

Formulasi
 can be described by either the current gain or by the
transconductance

 DC current gain hFE or  is given by IC / IB

 AC current gain hfe is given by ic / ib

 transconductance gm is given approximately by

gm  40IC  40 IE siemens

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 Equivalent circuits for a bipolar transistor

Kesimpulan

 Terdapat tiga kaki terminal pada transistor adalah :

collector, base and emitter
 The base is the control input
 Dua jenis polaritas: npn and pnp
 IC = hFEIB
 Ber_karakteristik sebagai penguat arus [transconductance]

Penerapan Transistor

 transistor amplifier
 R B is used to ‘bias’ the
transistor by injecting an
appropriate base current
 C is a coupling capacitor
and is used to couple the
AC signal while preventing
external circuits from
affecting the bias
 this is an AC-coupled amplifier

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 AC-coupled amplifier
 VB is set by the conduction voltage of the base-emitter junction
and so is about 0.7 V
 voltage across RB is thus VCC – 0.7
 IB = V / RB
 IC = hFEIB
 VRC = IC RC
 the quiescent output voltage is therefore
Vo = VCC - IC RC
 output is determined by hFE which is very variable

 Negative feedback amplifiers

Contoh
Determine the
quiescent output
voltage of this
circuit

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Base current kecilnya , sehingga

R2 10 k
VB  VCC  10  2. 7 V
R1  R2 27 k  10 k
Tegangan Emitor
VE = VB – VBE = 2.7 – 0.7 = 2.0 V
Arus Emitor
VE 2.0 V
IE    2 mA
RE 1k
Karena IB bernilai kecil, Arus CollectorIC  IE = 2 mA
Output voltage = VCC – ICRC = 10 - 2 mA 2.2 k = 5.6 V

 A common-collector amplifier
 unity gain
 high input resistance
 low output resistance
 a very good
buffer amplifier

Penerapan lainnya

 A phase splitter

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Regulator tegangan

Switching

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