Reinforced Concrete Design

Design of Footing 1


 
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SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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Wall

Property line

ก (wall footing)

กก$
ก#!'ก0

w
ก0 $ 

0

% 

ก
ก

ก (spread footing)
กก
ก#!1'ก$+%

ก (combined footing)

(- ก'ก$% กก *+(ก$
ก

P

ก
Property line

A B A B

Rectangular, PA = PB Rectangular, PA < PB

Property line
Property line

A B A B

Rectangular, PA < PB Strap or Cantilever

ก

Pile cap

Piles
Weak soil

ก! 
0 Bearing stratum

(mat footing)
ก$$2

(pile cap)
ก กก
ก !...

ก
ก%$ $2ก*+0
ก% 0%$ (-,,&

ก%%& 7.5 * .

 +ก
ก$$2ก$ : 15 * .
%# ก 15 * . 
ก ,
7.5 * .
%# ก 30 * . 
ก$$2

$% !ก !$ '

$ $%!$ '%&
*+ $ก $(-(กก%ก5% $ %6 $7 ,
ก89+$2ก$
A A A

ก!" 
ก
ก&ก0
ก-',$กก P

ก%16ก
ก', &%( ก

0ก,' $ $ก 
q= ก
P
(
 $!:'#  $ $'ก :

$
 & 
ก

 +ก
ก(%0
P
-: $  
Heave Heave


#$%!&

ก 
 ก B
  L ก&ก
P
B P ก,ก

+(%
ก q = (P + W) / BL

L ',%# $ก ( q ≤ qa

P %(ก
/ $ %6 ,$7(
ก',
(-+&; (net soil pressure : qn)

qn = P / BL
W
qn $ 'ก+ก%  ก
$
ก

 :
ก$ก()*
$% ก&ก(-% ก  50 %  
ก
$ '%& ''/
ก,$ก+ ก
ก ( qa = 8.0 %/%. .
P = 50 ton !(  &%ก
ก 10%

ก%ก:
1.1 m 30x30 cm
50 × 1.10
column A req'd = = 6.88 %. .
8 .0
0.4 m
(-
ก 2.7 × 2.7 . (A = 7.29 %. .)
(-
ก 0.4 . ก
ก: W = 0.4×2.72×2.4 = 7.0 %

+ : q = (50 + 7) / 2.72 = 7.8 %/%. . < qa OK

+&;: qn = 50 / 2.72 = 6.9 %/%. .


 12.1 กก 
 
 ...  .. 2522
ก & ก 
)
*+
( /.
.$.)

 $%2  2

!ก 5
 10

ก 20

 25

! 30


# !" 100

*ก
 ก  
กก!

ก$ก!%ก$()*
(ก/ก&ก P ก,$16 
กก&ก ก
$ %6 P
e
e

P B

qmin
qmax
L

+(%
ก q ',ก,'%$-$ 

 ก& ,
&
ก
P Mc P 6M c = L/2
qmin = − = −
A I BL B L2 I = B L3 / 12

P Mc P 6M
qmax = + = + 2
≤ qa
A I BL BL
#$! ++$()*
P P P
e1 e2 /!
  e3
)0&
0
qmin
qmax qmax qmax
 ก$+$!:ก$!:+ *+(

$!:'#  0#!
ก# '(
กก
 #
c = L/2
$ ((%
$!:  ก( qmin = 0
A = BL
P Mc P Pec I
qmin = − = 0 = e = I = B L3 / 12
A I A I Ac
P
3
B L / 12 emax = L / 6 Middle Third
emax = = L/6
B L (L / 2)

L/3 L/3 L/3

++$()* e > L / 6
+(%
',ก,'$!:! $ ;6+ R
',%กก&ก P

e
P
a + ก&#'ก
1
P = R = × 3a × b × qmax
2

2P
R qmax qmax = $  a = L/2–e
3ab
3a
 !/  13.1
ก 1.8 x1.2 . ก&ก 80 %ก,,,
$16( 0.15 . ''/(%
ก 
/*ก

,,$16 0.40 .
!( e = 0.15 . < [1.8 / 6 = 0.30 .]
P 6M
e qmin = −
0.60 m BL BL2
80 6 × 80 × 0.15
Load = −
0.60 m 1.2 × 1.8 1.2 × 1.82

= 37.0 – 18.5 = 18.5 %/%. .

0.90 m 0.90 m
qmax = 37.0 + 18.5 = 55.5 %/%. .

$'ก e = 0.40 . > [1.8/6 = 0.30 .] (- ก $

2P 2 × 80
a = 0.90 – 0.40 = 0.50 . qmax = = = 88.9 %/%. .
3ab 3 × 0.5 × 1.2

ก (Wall footing)

w
Uniformly loaded wall
w

Wall

Bending deformation
Footing
1-m slice on which
design is based
ก, *
b/2 b/2

Critical section Critical section s

b/4 s/2

Concrete column, Column with steel

Masonry wall
pedestal or wall base plate

%ก5%% ก
%ก5%ก+ก,,16กกก

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*-+. 
ก
Required L = (wDL+wLL)/qa
wu = 1.4wDL+1.7wLL
qa = Allowable soil pressure, t/m2

Factored wall load = wu t/m

b
Factored soil pressure, qu = (wu )/L
d
2
d 1 L−b 1
Mu = qu   = qu (L − b )2
2  2  8
qu
L−b 
L Vu = qu  −d
 2 

Min t = 15 cm for footing on soil, 30 cm for footing on piles

Min As = (14 / fy ) (100 cm) d

 !/  13.3 ก
ก0$ก&ก
 wD = 12 %/ .
,ก&ก' wL = 8 %/ . ก
 10 %/%. .
ก fKc = 240 กก./* .2 , fy = 4,000 กก./* .2
D = 12 t/m !( '/ก 1 $ %
L = 8 t/m

%! $ ! 
กก
:
25 cm
(D + L) + W (12 + 8) × 1.1
1.50 m L= =
qa 10
5 cm
typical = 2.2 $ % USE 2.2 m
8 cm
clear
L
 &%
ก t = 30 * .

ก
ก W = 0.3 × 2.2 × 2.4 = 1.58 %/ .

+ q = (12 + 8 + 1.58) / 2.2 = 9.81 < [qa = 10 %/%. .] OK

ก"!(/!

  WSD

+&; qn = (12 + 8) / 2.2 = 9.1 %/%. .


!'ก
5  !ก6
** d ' ก$/
d = 22 cm L −b 
V = q − d
25 cm 75.5 cm  2 

 2.2 − 0.25 
30 cm = 9.1 − 0.22 
 2 

9.1 t/m2 = 9.1 × 0.755 = 6.87 %

ก$7%
ก%: Vc = 0.29 fc′ b d

= 0.29 240 × 100 × 22 /103

= 9.88 % > V OK

ก&7ก
$
"$$  WSD
2
1 L − b 
25 cm 97.5 cm M = q 
2  2 
2
1  2.2 − 0.25 
= × 9.1×  
2  2 

9.1 t/m2 = 9.1 × 0.9752 / 2 = 4.33 %- .

1
ก%
ก%: Mc = fc k j b d2
2
1
= × 108 × 0.351× 0.883 × 100 × 222 / 105
2

= 8.10 %- . > M OK

M 4.33 × 10 5
! /$2ก$ %ก: As = = = 13.1 * .2
fs jd 1,700 × 0.883 × 22

! /$2ก$ &: Min As = 0.0018×100×30 = 5.4 * .2 < As OK

WSD
$ก(-$2ก DB16 @ 0.15 (As = 13.40 * .2/$ %)
ก&7ก $ ! (-$%ก%ก
As = 0.0018×100×30 = 5.4 * .2/$ %
$ก(-$2ก DB12 @ 0.20 (As = 5.65 * .2/$ %)
0.25 m

DB12 @ 0.20 m

DB16 @ 0.15 m

0.30 m
0.05 m
ก%
0.05 m 
2.20 m
ก"!( /!ก &  SDM

+&;!, qnu = (1.4 × 12 + 1.7 × 8) / 2.2 = 13.8 %/%. .


!'ก
5  !ก6
** d ' ก$/
d = 22 cm
L − b 
Vu = qu  − d
25 cm 75.5 cm  2 

 2.2 − 0.25 
30 cm = 13.8  − 0.22 
 2 

13.8 t/m2 = 13.8 × 0.755 = 10.42 %

ก$7%
ก%: φ Vc = φ 0.53 fc′ b d

= 0.85 × 0.53 240 × 100 × 22 / 103

= 15.35 % > V OK

ก&7ก
$
"$$  SDM
2
1 L − b 
25 cm 97.5 cm Mu = qu  
2  2 
2
1  2.2 − 0.25 
= × 13.8 ×  
2  2 

13.8 t/m2 = 13.8 × 0.9752 / 2 = 6.56 %- .

Mu 6.56 × 10 5
Rn = 2
= 2
= 15.06 กก./* .2
φb d 0.9 × 100 × 22

0.85 fc′  2 Rn 
ρ = 1 − 1 −  = 0.0039
fy  0.85 fc′ 

! /$2ก$ %ก: A s = ρ b d = 0.0039 × 100 × 22 = 8.58 * .2

! /$2ก$ &: Min As = 0.0018×100×30 = 5.4 * .2 < As OK

 SDM
$ก(-$2ก DB16 @ 0.20 (As = 10.05 * .2/$ %)
ก&7ก $ ! (-$%ก%ก
As = 0.0018×100×30 = 5.4 * .2/$ %
$ก(-$2ก DB12 @ 0.20 (As = 5.65 * .2/$ %)
0.25 m

DB12 @ 0.20 m

DB16 @ 0.20 m

0.30 m
0.05 m
ก%
0.05 m 
2.20 m

ก

กก&ก'ก$%$ (กก%'/ $ %6
ก$7
 (beam shear) ,ก$7,& (punching shear)
  !ก6 
"$$ 
2

1 $ %6(1
1 2 $ %6(1

  !ก6 
ก
5
2
d 1 ก$7,&
d/2
1
2 ก$7
(1
d
3 3 ก$7
(1
กก+/-0กก
Footing Type Square Footing Rectangular Footing

s (typ.)

One-way B

s (typ.) AsL
 2 
As2 As1 As2 A =  AsL
 β + 1
s1

L B As 2 = AsL − As1
s (typ.)

Two-way
AsB 2
L
β=
B
L B/2 B/2
L

.! (.!+-%)

% $',,&
ก$$!:!!P  %ก5%(-$!
'ก% ก $!:,, d / 2
c1 + d
P

d/2

c2 + d c2

b0

c1
ก & 5*&: WSD Vc = 0.53 fc′ b0 d

SDM Vc = 1.06 fc′ b0 d

 !/ ก
ก 
ก!&$' 

'ก
ก$$ '%&$$ '%& 40 * . $
ก&ก
 40 % ,ก&ก' 30 % ก

10 %/%. . ก fKc = 240 กก./* .2 , fy = 4,000 กก./* .2
D = 40 t !(   
กก
:
L = 30 t
D+L + W
A =
40 cm qa
( 40 + 30 ) × 1.1
= = 7.7 %. .
10
h
&ก 
ก  2.8 x 2.8 $. (A = 7.84 
.$.)
b  &%
ก h = 40 * .
d = 32 8$.
ก
ก W = 0.4 × 2.82 × 2.4 = 7.53 %
+ q = (40 + 30 + 7.53) / 2.82 = 9.89 < [qa = 10 %/%. .] OK

ก"!(/!

  WSD

+&; qn = (40 + 30) / 2.82 = 8.93 %/%. .

ก
5*&  !ก6
** d/2 = 16 8$. ' ก$/
40 cm
d / 2 = 16 cm

72 cm 40 cm
72 cm
2.8 m

$7%ก5%:
V = 8.93(2.82 – 0.722) = 65.4 %
2.8 m
$! b0 = 4 × 72 = 288 * .

ก$7
ก%: Vc = 0.53 fc′ b0 d = 0.53 240 × 288 × 32 /103

= 75.7 % > V OK


!'ก
5%   !ก6
** d = 32 8$. ' ก$/ WSD

d = 32 cm
40 cm 88 cm
40 32 88

2.8 m 40 cm

8.93 t/m2

$7%ก5%:
2.8 m
V = 8.93 × 0.88 × 2.8 = 22.0 %

ก$7
ก%: Vc = 0.29 fc′ b d = 0.29 240 × 280 × 32 /10
3

= 40.3 % > V OK

ก&7ก
$
"$$  WSD
40 cm 120 cm
M = 8.93 × 2.8 × 1.22 / 2 = 18.0 %- .
1
Mc = × 108 × 0.351× 0.883 × 280 × 322 /105
2
= 48.0 %- . > M OK
8.93 t/m2
M 18.0 × 105
! /$2ก$ %ก: As = = = 37.5 * .2
fs jd 1,700 × 0.883 × 32

! /$2ก$ &: Min As = 0.0018×280×40 = 20.2 * .2 < As OK

40 cm $ก(-$2ก 19 DB16 #

(As = 38.19 * .2)
19 DB16 #

0.40 m
0.05 m
ก

0.05 m 
  
2.80 m
ก"!( /!ก &  SDM

+&;!, qnu = (1.4×40 + 1.7×30) / 2.82 = 13.65 %/%. .

ก
5*&  !ก6
** d/2 = 16 8$. ' ก$/
40 cm
d / 2 = 16 cm $7!,%ก5%:

Vu = 13.65(2.82 – 0.722) = 99.9 %

72 cm
2.8 m $! b0 = 4 × 72 = 288 * .

ก$7
ก%: φ Vc = 0.85 × 1.06 240 × 288 × 32 /103

= 128.6 % > Vu OK


!'ก
5%   !ก6
** d = 32 8$. ' ก$/ SDM

d = 32 cm $7!,%ก5%:
40 cm 88 cm
Vu = 13.65 × 0.88 × 2.8 = 33.6 %
40 cm ก$7
ก%:
φ Vc = 0.85 × 0.53 240 × 280 × 32 /103
13.65 t/m2
= 62.5 % > Vu OK
ก&7ก
$
"$$ 
40 cm 120 cm
$ %6!,%ก5%:
Mu = 13.65×2.8×1.22/2 = 27.5 %- .
27.5 × 105
Rn = = 10.66 กก./* .2
0.9 × 280 × 322

13.65 t/m2 0.85 fc′  2 Rn 

ρ = 1 − 1 −  = 0.0027
fy  0.85 fc′ 
 SDM

! /$2ก$ %ก: A s = ρ b d = 0.0027 × 280 × 32 = 24.2 * .2

! /$2ก$ &: Min As = 0.0018×280×40 = 20.2 * .2 < As OK

$ก(-$2ก 13 DB16 #

40 cm
(As = 26.13 * .2)
13 DB16 #

0.40 m
0.05 m
ก

0.05 m 
  
2.80 m