SOLUTIONS

WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS
them is that clouds are formed in the upper
FORM ATIVE WORKSHEET
atmosphere while fog gets formed in the region
HINTS / ANSWERS TO SELECTED
close to earth.
QUESTIONS
11. (B)
1. (C)
12. The increases in density of solution - A on addition
2. a) – v ; b) – iv; c) – i ;
of solute indicates that, it has dissolved the solute
d) – ix ; e) – ii ; f) – viii ;
added to it. Therefore, solution – A is unsaturated.
g) – vii ; h) – vi ; i) – iii
3. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or The decrease in density of solution – B o n
more substances. A homogeneous mixture means addition of solute indicates that, some of the solute
that the mixture is just the same throughout. A particles present in solution got precipitated. This
indicates that solution is supersaturated.
colloid is a kind of solution in which the size of As the density of solution – C remains unchanged
solute particles is intermediate between those in on addition of solute, solution cannot dissolve
true solutions and those in suspensions. anymore solute. Hence, it is saturated.
13. (C)
4. True solutions: Salt solution, sugar solution; 14. The solubility of a substance at a given
Colloidal solutions: Ink, Starch solution, Blood temperature is defined as the quantity of that
5. The path of the light beam and the colloidal substance, that can be dissolved in 100 grams of
the solvent, at that temperature, to get a saturated
particles become visible.
solution.
6. Soap solution. This is because the particles of Hence to know the solubility we should know the
solute are bigger in soap solution than in sugar amount of solute in 100g of solvent.
solution. 1st method:
Given: 20g of H2O contains 5g of the salt.
7. Starch solution shows the Tyndall effect as it is a
5  100
colloidal solution. 100g of H2O contains  25g of the
20
8. Solutions: Brine ; Suspensions: Chalk water
salt
mixture, Muddy river water, Shaving cream Solubility of the salt at 600C is 25.
Colloidal solution: Soda-water, Milk, Smoke in air. 2nd method:
Given: Amount of solute = w1 = 5g
9. In dirty clothes, the dust particles are present on
Amount of water (solvent) = w2 = 20g
oil drops sticking to them. Simple water cannot Solubility = S = ?
remove these oil drops from the clothes because wsolute
water and oil as such do not form a stable We know that, Solubility (S)   100 ––
w solvent
emulsion. Soap plays the role of emulsifier and ––– (1)
helps in forming a stable emulsion between the Substituting the above values, in equation (1), we
two. This means that soap helps in removing these 5
get S   100  25
oil drops along with the dust sticking to them. The 20
dirty clothes get washed by soap solution. 15. Weight of solution = 100g
Solid left over on evaporation is 50g
10. Both fog and cloud are the examples in which
liquid is the dispersed phase and gas (air) is the wsolute
Solubility (S)  w  100 ––––– (1)
dispersion medium. The only difference between solvent
84 9th Class Chemistry
How to get weight of solute and solvent?
Given 50g of solid is left over on evaporation w1
We know that solubility (S)  w  100
 Amount of solute = 50g ––––– (2) 2
We also know that, wsolution  wsolute + wsolvent  w2 = Amount of water
 100 = 50 + wsolvent  wsolvent = 50g
––––– (3) 100 w1 100  10
   25g
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we get S 40
Therefore the amount of water requires to
50
Solubility (S)   100  100 dissolve 10g of solute is 25g.
50 20. From the above information it is clear that :
16. Solubility = S = x Solute –A forms an exothermic solution.
Weight of solution = Wsolution = ? Therefore, its solubility decreases with increase
We know that Wsolution in temperature.
= Wsolute (w1) + Wsolvent (w2 ) Solute – B forms an endothermic solution.
 Wsolution = w1 + w2 ––––– (1) Therefore, its solubility increases with increase
How to get weight of solvent (w2)? in temperature.
We know that, Solubility no effect.(in the case of solute – C)
w1 21. (C)
S  100  w 2  100w1 ––––– (2) 22. (D)
w2 S
23. (A)
Substituting the above values in equation (2), we 24. (C)
get 25. (B), (C), (D)
100y 26. Weight of the solute (NaOH) = wsolute = w1 =
Amount of solute  w 2  ––––– (3) 10 g
x
Substituting the value from equation (3) in (1), we Weight of the solvent (H2O) = wsolvent = w2 =
get 100 g
Solubility (S) = ?
100y xy  100y Percentage by weight = ?
Wsolution  y  
x x
w solute
 y(100  x)  We know that solubility = S  w  100
 Wsolution    gm
solvent

 x –––––––(1)
Therefore, the weight of solution is 10
S  100  S  10
 y(100  x)  100
 x  gm Therefore, solubility is 10.
17. Solubility = S = K We know percentage by weight = w %
Amount of solute (w1) = ‘L’ g Weight of solute  w1  w1
Amount of solvent (w2) = ? =   100
Weight of solution  w1  w 2  w1  w 2
w1
We know that solubility  S  w  100 10
2 Percentage by weight = × 100 = 9.09
110
 w2 = weight of solvent
Therefore, percentage by weight of the solution
100w1  100  L  = 9.09.
  g 27. Before dilution
S  K 
18. (C) After dilution
Initial weight % = w1% = 30%
19. Solubility (S) = 40
Final weight % = w2% = 6%
Amount of solute = w1 = 10g
Mass of initial solution = m1 = 200 g
Amount of water = Amount of solvent = w2 = ?
Mass of final solution m2 = m
Mass of water added = m2 – m1 = m – 200
How to get m?
Solutions 85

w solute 29. Volume percentage = v/v% = 20; Volume of

We know, w% = w × 100  w% H2SO4 =Vsolute= 70ml
solution Volume of solvent = Vsolvent = x = ?
1 Vsolute
 We know, v / v% = V × 100
w solution solution

Note: Before and after dilution, the mass of the

70
solute remains constant.  20  100  20 (x + 70) = 7000
x  70
1 w1 % m2
 %w    5600
w solution w 2 % m1 20x = 5600  x =  280 ml
20
30 m2 Therefore, the volume of solvent required to
   m2 = 1000 g
6 200 prepare 20% (v/v) solution is 280 ml.
 Mass of water added = 1000 – 200 = 800 30. Weight of the solute = 10 g Weight
g. of the solvent = 90 g
28. Mass of the solvent = wsolvent = 300 g Density of the solution = 2 g/ml Weight -
Mass of the solute = wsolute = A = ? volume percentage = ?
Percentage by weight = 10 The total weight of the solution = weight of the
We know that percentage by = w % = solute + weight of the solvent
= 10 + 90 = 100
w solute g
 100
w solution  The volume of the solution =
w solute Mass of the solution 100
  100 ––––––––––(1)   50ml.
w solute  w solvent density of the solution 2
We know, weight – volume percentage =
Substituting the above values in equation (1), we Weight of solute
get  100
Volume of solution
By substituting the values, we get,
w solute
10   100 10
w solute  300 Weight – volume % =  100 = 20
50
On simplifying, we get mass of solute = w solute Therefore, the weight – volume % of the
= 33.33 grams solution is equal to 20 g/ml.
Therefore, the mass of the solute = 33.33
grams. CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEET
28. Solubility is S  In the saturated solution, ‘S’ g HINTS / ANSWERS TO SELECTED
of solute is present in 100 g of solvent. QUESTIONS
 w solute  w1  S g 1. All 2. (C)
3. (A)
wsolvent = w2 = 100 g
We know that percentage by weight 4. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in

Weight of solute which the small particles of a solid are spread

  100
Weight of solution throughout a liquid without dissolving in it.
Examples: Chalk-water mixture, Muddy water,
Weight of solute
  100 Milk of magnesia, Sand particles suspended in
Weight of solute  Weight of solvent
water, and Flour in water.

w1 S
  100   100
w1  w 2  S  100 
86 9th Class Chemistry

5. A colloid is a kind of solution in which the size
of solute particles is intermediate between those
in true solutions and those in suspensions. Some
of the examples of colloids (or colloidal
solutions) are : Soap solution, Starch solution,
Milk, Ink, Blood, Jelly and Solutions of synthetic
detergents.
6. In a colloidal solution, the particle size is such (1
nm to 100 nm), that these particles scatter the
light rays as they fail on them. Because of
scattering, the path of the light as well as the
particles become visible. But in a true solution,
the particle size so small (less than lnm) that
these particles are not in a position to scatter the
light. Therefore, true solution does not show any
Tyndall effect.
7. A colloid is a kind of solution in which the size
of solute particles is intermediate between those
in true solutions and those in suspensions. Some
of the examples of colloids (or colloidal
solutions) are : Soap solution, Starch solution,
Milk, Ink, Blood, Jelly and Solutions of synthetic
detergents. A suspension is a heterogeneous
mixture in which the small particles of a solid
are spread throughout a liquid without dissolving
in it. Examples: Chalk-water mixture, Muddy
water, Milk of magnesia, Sand particles
suspended in water, and Flour in water.
8. (A)
9. (B)
10. (C), (D)
11. (C)

12.

Method–I Method–II
15g of water contains 5g of a substance. Weight of solute (w1 ) = 5g
5  100 Weight of solvent (w2) = 15g
100g of water contains  33.4 g of
15 Solubility (S) = ?
salt. We know
0
Solubility of the substance at 35 C is w1 5
33.4 Solubility (S)  100   100
w2 15
= 33.34

13. Solubility (S) = 50 14. Solubility = S = 40

Amount of salt (solute) = w1 = 90g Amount of solute (w1) = ?
Amount of water (solvent) = w2 = ? Amount of water = amount of solvent (w2) =
We know that, 50g
w1 w1
Solubility (S)  w  100 –––––– (1) We know that solubility  S  w  100
2 2

Substituting the above values in equation (1), we S  w2

get  Amount of solute w1  ––––– (1)
100
Weight of water (solvent)
Substituting the above values in equation (1), we
100w1 100  90 get
 w2    180g.
S 50 Amount of solute
Therefore, the weight of water required to 40  50
prepare the solution is 180g.  w1   5  4  20
100
The amount of solute required to prepare the
saturated solution is 20g.
Solutions 87
15. 30g of solution on evaporation gave 5g of solute Weight of solvent (w2) = 100 g and also
 Amount of solution = 30g Weight of solution = Weight of solute (w1) +
Amount of solute (w1) = 5g and amount of weight of solvent (w2) = (100 + S) g
solvent (w2) = 30 – 5 = 25g w1
Solubility (S) = ? We know that, % by weight  w  w  100
1 2
w1
We know that, S   100 –––––– (1) S
w2  % by weight   100
100  S
Substituting the above values in the equation (1), –––––––––(2)
5 Substituting (2) and (1), we get
we get S   100  20
25 S 1 100 1
Therefore, the solubility of solute is 20.
 100 S  
100  S 2 100  S 2
16. Solubility curves : The graphs which indicate
 200  S  S  100
the effect of temperature on solubility of a
27. The volume of solute = 50 ml;
solute are called solubility curves.
The volume of solvent = 500 ml
Utility of solubility curves :
Volume of the solution = 500 + 50 = 550 ml
(a) The solubility of a given salt at any
The percentage by volume = v/v % = ?
temperature can be read directly from its
We know,
solubility curve.
(b) The nature of curve gives an idea about the Vsolute 50
v/v%  V  100   100  9.09
effect of temperature on the change of solution 550
solubility. A steep curve indicates a rapid
So, volume percentage of solution is 9.09.
change, while a flat one indicates rather a
28. Weight – volume percentage of solution = 15
slow change in solubility with rise of
Density of solution = 1.06 g/ml
temperature.
Weight of solution = ? Weight of solute = ?
(c) Substances whose solubility decreases with
We know that, 15% (w/v)  15g of solute is
rise in temperature are : NaOH, Na2CO3,
present in 100 ml of solution.
Na2SO4, etc,.
a) Weight of the solution =
(d) Substances whose solubility increases with
(Volume × density)solution
rise in temperature are: NaNO3, KNO3,
= 100 × 1.06 = 106g
KCl, NH4Cl, etc,.
b) Weight of solvent = Total weight of solution
(e) Substances whose solubility fairly increases
– weight of solute
or no change with rise in temperature are:
= 106 – 15 = 91g
NaCl, Li2SO4.
Therefore, the solution contains 15 g of solute
17. Increase of temperature, increases the volume
and 91 g of solvent.
of a gas resulting in escape of a gas molecules
29. Aqueous solution of glucose = 10%(w/v)  10
from the solution. This decreases the solubility.
g of glucose is present in 100ml of solution
18. False
Volume of solution containing 1 gram mole of
19. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonding.
glucose = ?
20. (D)
Weight of glucose (w) = 1 gram mole
22. (C), (D)
= Gram molecular weight of glucose expressed
23. (C) in grams
24. (C) = 180 g (72 +12 + 96 = 180)
25. (A), (B), (C), (D) We know that percentage by volume =
1 w
26. Given percentage by weight = (Solubility) —  100 x 100
2 V
——— (1)
Let ‘S’ be the solubility of the solute. 180 180
 10   100  V   100  1800 ml
 S g of solute is present in 100 g of the V 10
solvent Therefore, the volume of solution in which 1 g
 Weight of solute (w1) = ‘S’ g and mole of glucose dissolved, will be 1800 ml.
88 9th Class Chemistry
30. Weight of NaCl = wNaCl = x? 2. Weight of oxalic acid, (COOH)2 =
Weight of water = wwater = 54 g w(COOH)2  2.2g
Weight percentage =10
Volume of solution = V = 500 ml
w Density of solution = d = 1.1 g/ml
 w%  solute  100
w solution Weight of solution = wsolution = 500 × 1.1 =
550 g
w solute Weight percentage = w% =?
 w%   100
w solute  w solvent

x w solute 2.2
 10   100  x  6g w%   100  w%   100  0.4.
x  54 w solution 550
Therefore, the weight of NaCl is 6 g. Therefore, weight percent of oxalic acid is 0.4.
3. Weight of K2CO3  w K 2CO3  15g
SUMMATIVE WORKSHEET Weight of water = wwater = 60 g
Weight percentage = w% = ?
HINTS / ANSWERS TO SELECTED w solute
QUESTIONS w%   100
w solution
1. Weight percentage of sugar solution = w% =
18; w solute
Weight of solution = 180 g  w%   100
w solute  w solvent
Let the weight of glucose and water be ‘x’ and
‘y’ respectively. 15 1500
  100   20
w solute 15  60 75
We know, w%  w  100
Therefore, the weight % of the resulting solution
solution
is 20.
x 4. Given, solubility = 50
 18   100 (or)
180  50 g of solute is present in 100 g of the
solvent.
18  180
x  32.4g  Weight of solute (w1) = 50 g and weight of
100 solvent (w2) = 100 g and also
But, weight of water = weight of solution – Weight of solution = Weight of solute (w1) +
weight of sugar Weight of solvent (w2) = 100 + 50 = 150g
 y = 180 – x = 180 – 32.4 = 147.6 g We know that,
Therefore, 32.4 g of glucose and 147.6 g of Weight %
water are present in the solution.
w solute 50
  100   100  33.33
w solution 150
Therefore, the weight percentage of the solution
is 33.33.

5. Case–I (At 800C) Case–II (At 300C)

Solubility at 800C = S1 = 50 Solubility of 300C = S2 = 30
Amount of solute dissolved in solution Amount of solute dissolved in solution
at 800C = m1 = 50 g at 300C = m2 = ?
Amount of solvent at 800C = Amount of solvent at 300C = 50g = Constant
Weight of solute that comes out = Weight of solute left undissolved (m)
= Initial amount of dissolved solute in solution (m1)
– Final amount of dissolved solute in solution (m2)
Solutions 89

 mleft = m1 – m2 –––––– (1); 9. Here Mass of solute (salt) = 110 g

How to get m2? And, Mass of solution= 550 g
We know that, Solubility (S) Concentration of solution
Amount of solute Mass of solute
  100   100
Amount of solvent Mass of solution
 S  Amount of solute ( amount of solvent 110 100
  100  = 20 per cent (or 20%)
is same in both the cases) 550 5
S1 m1 S 30 Thus, the concentration of this salt solution is 20
   m2  2  m1   50  30g per cent (or it is a 20% salt solution)
S2 m 2 S1 50
10. Concentration of solution
 At 300C only 30g of solid is the dissolved
Volume of solute
solute.  100
Substituting the values of m1 and m2 in (1), we Volume of solution
get Here, Volume of solute (alcohol) = 50 mL
 50 – 30 = 20g is in undissolved solute And, Volume of solvent (water) = 150 mL
Therefore the amount of solute that comes out So, Volume of solution = Volume of solute +
= 20g Volume of solvent
6. (A) = 50 + 150
7. Solubility = S = 25 = 200 mL
Weight of solute = w1 = 10g Now, putting these values of ‘volume of solute’
Weight of solvent (w2) = ? and ‘volume of solution’ in the above formula
we get:
w1
We know that solubility (S)  w  100 50
2 Concentration of solution  100
200
100 w1 50
 Weight of solvent  w 2  
S 2
–––– (1) = 25 per cent (by volume)
Substituting the above values in equation (1), we Thus, the concentration of this alcohol solution is
get 25 per cent or that it is a 25% alcohol solution
 Weight of solvent (by volume)
100  10 11. This solution also contains a liquid solute
 w2   40 gm (acetone) mixed with a liquid solvent water
25
Therefore, weight of solvent that dissolve 10g of (because it is an aqueous solution), so we have
solute is 40g. to calculate the concentration of this solution in
8. Here, Mass of solute (sugar) = 30 g terms of volume percentage of solute (acetone)
And, Mass of solvent (water) = 370 g Here, Volume of solute (acetone) = 2 mL
So, Mass of solution = Mass of solute + And, Volume of solution = 45 mL
Mass of solvent Concentration of solution
= 30 + 370 Volume of solute
= 400 g  100
Volume of solution
30 30 2 200
Concentration of solution = 100 = =   100 
400 4 = 4.4 per cent
45 45
7.5 percent (or 7.5 %)
Thus, the concentration of this sugar solution is wt.of solute
12. Hint: Solubility = ×100
7.5 per cent (or that it is a 7.5% sugar solution) wt.of solvent
[Ans: 19 gram ]
90 9th Class Chemistry
13. Hint:Solubility is the amount of solute (b) If lattice energy < hydration energy, the
dissolved in 100g solvent at a given system heats up.
temperature.
7. Solution - I is endothermic in nature and solution
weight of solute - II is exothermic in nature.
14. Hint: % wt = ×100
weight of solution 8. Graph I indicates that solubility increases rapidly
[Ans: 20 ] with increase of temperature, Graph-II indicates
wt. of solute that there is slight increases in solubility due to
15. Hint: % wt = ×100
increase of temperature and graph - III
wt. of solution
[ Ans: 23.33] indicates that there is no change in solubility
with change in temperature.
HOTS WORKSHEET 9. Graph - I – KNO3, Pb (NO3)2
HINTS / ANSWERS TO SELECTED Graph - II - KCl
QUESTIONS Graph -III - NaCl
1. Substances whose solubility decreases with wt.of solute
10. Solubility = ×100
rise in temperature are : NaOH, Na2CO3, wt.of solvent
Na2SO4, etc,. [Ans: 19 gram ]
Substances whose solubility increases with 11. Solubility is the amount of solute dissolved in
rise in temperature are: NaNO3, KNO3, KCl, 100g solvent at a given temperature.
NH4Cl, etc,. Substances whose solubility fairly wt.of solute
12. Solubility = ×100 [Ans: 20 ]
increases or no change with rise in wt.of solvent
temperature are: NaCl, Li2SO4.
wt.of solute
2. P is unsaturated and Q is super saturated 13. Solubility = ×100 [Ans: 20 g]
wt.of solvent
solution.
3. A saturated solution on heating becomes 14. This due to escaping away of the solute
molecules from the solution.
unsaturated and on cooling become super
15. For NaCl, there is no change and for CaSO4 it
saturated solution. increases.
4. (a) Petrol, kerosene or ammonia solution
(b) Turpentine IIT JEE WORKSHEET
(c) borax solution
HINTS / ANSWERS TO SELECTED
5. Refer Novel points QUESTIONS
6. The amount of heat change during the formation
of a solution depends mainly on two factors: (1) (D) (2) (A), (B)
Lattice energy: It is the amount of heat required (3) (A) (4) (D)
to separate a mole of the ionic substances into (5) (C) (6) Henry’s law
its component positive and negative ions. This is (7) (B) (8) Solubility
an endothermic process. (9) no change (10) Gas in water
Heat of hydration: These ions get hydrated. The 
ions hold the water molecules by ion dipole
bonds. Heat is liberated during the process of
hydration. Thus it is an exothermic process.
(a) If lattice energy > hydration energy, the
system cools down.