Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nota Bab 1 PDF
Nota Bab 1 PDF
Nota Bab 1
Bab 1 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas
1.1 Sistem Saraf Manusia 8. Lidah ialah organ deria bagi rasa. Lidah boleh mengesan
rasa daripada bahan kimia yang terlarut dalam air liur
1. Sistem saraf manusia terdiri daripada otak, saraf tunjang
seperti manis, masin, masam, pahit dan umami.
dan saraf periferi.
9. Contoh-contoh kecacatan penglihatan:
2. Sistem saraf manusia terlibat dalam pengawalan
pergerakan tubuh badan manusia. • Rabun jauh
3. Terdapat dua jenis gerak balas yang dilakukan oleh Imej pada
manusia iaitu: retina adalah
kabur
(a) Tindakan terkawal
1.4 Kepentingan Gerak Balas terhadap 2. Haiwan mempunyai pendengaran jenis stereofonik, iaitu
kebolehan mendengar menggunakan dua telinga di sisi
Rangsangan dalam Haiwan Lain kepala.
1. Terdapat dua jenis penglihatan bagi haiwan iaitu:
3. Keupayaan mendengar bagi setiap jenis haiwan adalah
(a) Penglihatan stereoskopik berbeza-beza. Haiwan hanya boleh mendengar jika bunyi
itu adalah dalam julat frekuensi pendengarannya.
4. Selain daripada menggunakan deria penglihatan dan
pendengaran, haiwan juga mempunyai organ deria yang
lain untuk mengesan rangsangan dan melakukan gerak
Pertindihan medan
penglihatan
balas.
Medan Medan
penglihatan Contoh: Ikan menggunakan garis lateral pada badannya
penglihatan
mata kanan mata kiri untuk mengesan pemangsa dan mengelakkan diri
daripada pemangsa dalam habitatnya.
(b) Penglihatan monokular
Medan Medan
penglihatan penglihatan
mata kanan mata kiri
Notes Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Stimuli and Response
1.1 Human Nervous System 8. The tongue is the sense organ of taste. The tongue can
detect a sense of chemicals dissolved in saliva such as
1. The human nervous system consists of the brain, the sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami.
spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.
9. Examples of defects of vision:
2. The human nervous system is involved in controlling the
movement of human body. • Short-sightedness
Effector Response
Light is focused
4. Impulse is an electrical signal that moves through the behind the retina
nervous system to produce a response.
• Colour blindness
An inability to perceive colour difference. It is a
1.2 Stimuli and Response in Human defect that is based on inheritance.
1. The human sensory organs have receptors that can • Astigmatism
detect various stimuli.
A blur vision causes by irregular surface of the
2. Eyes are the sensory organs of sight. Eye detects light. cornea. It can be corrected by using a cylindrical
3. The ear is the sensory organ that detects sound stimulus. lens or through surgery.
1.4 The Importance of Response towards 2. Animals have stereophonic hearing, which is the ability
to listen using two ears on the side of the head.
Stimuli in Other Animals
3. The ability to hear for each animal is different. Animals
1. There are two types of vision in animals which are:
can only hear if the sound is in the frequency range of
(a) Stereoscopic vision their hearing.
4. In addition to using visual and auditory senses, animals
also have other sensory organs to detect stimuli and
respond.
Example: Fish uses lateral lines on its body to detect the
Overlapping visual
fields
predators and avoiding them in its habitat.
Visual field Visual field
of right eye of left eye
(b) Monocular vision