0C2 Exercise Sheet 4

Further calculus

1. Complete the following sentences using the phrases: change in x, change in f (x), limit,
f (x + δx) − f (x)
linear, df = f 0 (x)δx, chord, f 0 (x) = lim , tangent line, small.
δx→0 δx

The derivative f 0 (x) of a continuous function f (x) represents the gradient of the
to f at the point x. We can make an approximation to this value by using the gradient of
the between the point (x, f (x)) and the point (x + δx, f (x + δx)), where
δx represents a change in x.

The derivative f 0 (x) is found by taking the of these gradients as δx

tends to 0, as expressed by the formula

The differential df is a function of the , that approxi-

mates the , as expressed by the formula .
1
2. (i) Calculate the derivative of from first principles.
x3
1
(ii) What is the differential of 3 ?
x
3. (i) Use the binomial theorem to expand (1 + x)4 and then differentiate your answer.
(ii) Express your answer to part (i) in terms of (1 + x)3 .
(iii) Use the chain rule to differentiate (1 + x)4 .

4. (i) Use the binomial theorem to expand (1 + x2 )4 and then differentiate your answer.
(ii) Express your answer to part (i) terms of (1 + x2 )3 .
(iii) Use the chain rule to differentiate (1 + x2 )4 .
dy
5. In each case find the derivative and the differential dy:
dx

(i) y = x3 − 33x2 + 216x (ii) y = 2x3 + x − sin(x) (iii) y = x2 ex

(iv) y = x ln(x) (v) y = ex cos(x) (vi) y = (2x − 1)3 sin(x) + cos2 (x)
sin(x) x
(vii) y = (viii) y = (ix) y = ln(x)(2x + 1)−1
x 1 + x2
(x) y = sec(x) (xi) y = cosec(x) (xii) y = cot(x)
ex − e−x ex + e−x
(xiii) y = (xiv) y = (xv) y = xx
2 2
dy
6. Let y = cos−1 (x). Use implicit differentiation to find in terms of y, and then substitute
dx
dy
to find as a function of x.
dx
 7. Calculate the derivative:
d
tan−1 (ex ) .
dx
8. Calculate the differentials:  √ 
−1 2 −1 1 − x2
(i) d sin (x ) (ii) d tan .
x
9. Use the substitution x = sin(u) and a trigonometric identity to calculate:
Z √
1 − x2 dx .

R R
10. Use the formula for integration by parts ( u dv = uv − v du) setting u = x and
dv = ex dx to calculate Z
xex dx .

2
11. Use the formula for integration by parts with u = x2 and dv = xex dx to calculate
Z
2
x3 ex dx .

12. UseZintegration by parts

Z to find the following Z
indefinite integrals: Z
(i) x ln(x) dx , (ii) x2 sin(x) dx , (iii) x tan2(x) dx , (iv) tan−1 (x) dx .

13. Expand tan(x) near x = 0 to the third power of x (inclusive).

1
14. Using the Taylor expansion for , find the Taylor expansion for tan−1 (x).
1 + x2
15. Calculate the following limits by using Taylor expansions:
√
1 + 2x2 − 1
(i) lim
x→0 x2
√
3
1+x−1
(ii) lim √
x→0 5 1 − x − 1

ln(1 + x) − sin x
(iii) lim
x→0 (ex − e−x )2