Information and Communications Technology (ICT) relates
the need of our society to adapt the several communication
channels – television, radio, mobile phone, and the computer
system (aside from the countless facilities and uses linked
with them like video -conferencing and distance learning) – to
daily tasks.
Information Technology also encompasses electronic
communication devices that include disciplines and systems
used in treating and handling data.
The Data Processing Cycle
Data can be defined as any letters, numbers or symbols
without context or more aptly called “unprocessed data.”
Information data that means data that are meaningful and
useful. This can only be possible if the user input data which
means entering data into the computer which will in turn be
processed. Such date is then processed and later on processed
data becomes displayed data, also called output.
Output – result of an inputted data
Terminologies in Information Processing Cycle
1. Editing is the process of changing or modifying a data.
2. Verifying is the process of double checking the validity of a
data.
3. Coding is the process of making the data in concise form.
4. Calculating is the process of doing computation process to
data.
5. Storing is the process of saving data for future use.
6. Retrieving is the process of getting data that was
previously stored for used.
7. Searching is the process of finding data or information for
information purposes.
8. Printing is the process of making a hardcopy of data.
9. Scanning is the process of checking for virus infection or
integrity of computer to avoid malfunctions.
10.Browsing is the process of using the Internet for viewing
purposes.
Most commonly used Icons in MSWord
Save – This icon command is used to save or store the current
file.
Undo– This icon command is used to undo the current activity
and return the previous action
Redo – This icon command is used to redo the current activity
that was done after the current action.
The Home tab is a menu bar that compromises of ribbon link
of Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Styles and Editing
Paste – This icon command is used to paste the text or object
to the current location of the cursor.
Cut - This icon command is used to cut or remove a text or
object.
Copy – This icon command is used to paste the text or object
to the target destination.
Format Painter - This icon command is used to apply format
to a text based on the formats of selected text.
Font Face – This icon command is used to select and then
apply a font face.
Font Size – This icon command is used to change the size of
the text.
Bold - This icon command is used to format the text to
boldfaced.
Italic – This icon command is used to format text to italicized.
Underline – This icon command is used to format the text to
underlined.
Strikethrough - This icon command is used to strike a line
through. the text.
Subscript – This icon command changes the text to subscript.
SuperScript - This icon command changes the text to
superscript.
Grow Font - This icon command increases the size of the text.
Shrink Font– This icon command decreases the size of the
text.
Text Effects - This icon command changes the text effects.
Change Case – This icon command is used to change the case
from upper case to lower case or vice versa.
Text and Highlight Color – This icon command highlights
selected text for emphasis.
Font Color – This icon command changes the colors of the
text.
Clear Formatting - This icon command removes the previously
applied text format.
Bullets - This icon command is used to add sequence of
bullets to selected items.
Numbering – This icon command is used add number in
chronological sequence to items.
Multilevel list – This icon command is used add multi-level list
with different hierarchy.
Align Text Left - This icon command formats the selected text
to the left.
Center –This icon command formats the line text selected to
the center position.
Align Text Right - This icon command format the line text
selected to the right alignment.
Justify- This icon command format justifies all the line text
selected or paragraph.
Blank Page - This icon command inserts a new blank page.
Table – This icon command creates a series of row and column
similar to a matrix of table.
Picture - This icon command is used inserts a picture in the
document.
Clip Art - This icon command is used to insert graphics from
the clip art gallery.
Shapes – This icon command is used to insert shape.
Chart - This icon command is used to insert a chart.
Header – This icon command is used to add header to the
document.
Page Number – This icon command is used to insert a page
number.
Text Box - This icon command is used to insert a text box.
Word Art – This icon command is used insert text with
preformatted styles.
Symbol - This icon command is used to insert symbols.
Page Lay Out – This menu is composing of command for page
layout specially for users viewing and printing needs.
Margins – This icon command is used to insert margins from
top, bottom, left and right of the document.
Orientation –This icon command is used to set up the
orientation either portrait or landscape.
Size - This icon command is used to select the paper size of
the current document.
Columns – This icon command is used set up the document by
number of columns.
Watermark – This icon command is used put a watermark
style to image in the background
Page Color – This icon command is used fill the page with
colors.
Page Borders – This icon command is used insert style of
borders to the document.
Wrap text – This icon command is used to wrap text to object
or pictures.
Bring Forward – This icon command is used to place the image
forward.
Send Backward -This icon command is used to place the
image backwards.
Save As- This icon command is used to save a file base on the
destination folder selected.
Print – This icon command is used to print the current
document.
Open – This icon command is used to open the folder where
a file is located for used.
Close - This icon command is used to exit the wordprocessor.
PARTS OF MS WORD
1. Title bar – it refers to the area where the filename of the
current document can be displayed.
2. Menu Tab – it is recently called a ribbon this area is where
all the commands can be found.
3. Toolbars – it is the area which contains a stack of icon
commands that can be run
4. Minimize, Restore and Close – it is used to adjust the
viewing of windows.
5. Vertical Ruler – this is used to measure pages, text and
paragraphs in their vertical position.
6. Horizontal ruler- this is used to measure pages, text and
paragraphs in their horizontal position.
7. Document area- this is the area where text and images are
placed.
8. Vertical Scrollbar- this is used to navigate the document
vertically by scrolling the button or by clicking the up or
down arrows.

Review – This menu command give emphasis on text

meaning, spelling and grammars.
Spelling and Grammar – This icon command is used to check
the spelling and grammar.
Research – This icon command is used to search for the
meaning of a word via online.
Thesaurus – This icon command is used to search for the
meaning via the dictionary.

View – This menu command gives option for viewing he

document.
Print Lay Out – This icon command is used to modify the
display of the current document.
Zoom – This icon command is used to enlarge the focus of the
current page.
100 % - This icon command is used to display the page 100%.
Format –This menu command is used to format or modify the
figure or image selected.
Remove Background – This icon command is used to remove
the background that was selected.
Corrections – This icon command is used to adjust the image
either brightness and contrast.
Colors – This icon command is used to adjust the color tone
and saturation of an image.
Crop – This icon command is used to crop the selected edges
of an image.
Internet interconnection of networks that spans beyond Upload is the process of putting files in via the Internet.
thousands of miles. Upstream is the speed of uploading files in the Internet.

first satellite that orbits the earth called “Sputnik”

USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

ARPA - Advance Research Project Agency
“backbone of internet” - remote communication
“Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)” - protection a network
protocol is implemented, where which is used together with
“Internet Protocol (IP)”

There are terms that are common in Internet Technology:

Bandwidth refers to frequency of data transmission measured
in Hertz.
Chat a real time electronic communication where participants
type their messages and reply back.
Cyberspace refers to all the totality of all the unit connected
to the computer network and their contents.
Downstream is the speed of downloading files in the Internet
Download is the process of getting files via the Internet.
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) is used by typing text to send or
receive messages all over the world.
Internet Protocol is a number associated with a device,
network card or home address.
File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer file remotely to any
destination where a client is connected in the network.
Firewall a software or hardware that limits access to a
computer network.
Group discussion refers to a group of users in the internet that
are linked and have similar preferences and interests.
Homepage is the starting point of a website.
Hyperlink is a word or phrase that has a URL attachment
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the programming
language format that the web browser understands.
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the company that sells
Internet access to users.
Mosaic is a graphical software browser designed around 1993
later on becomes Netscape navigator.
Search Engine refers to the ability of a website to search and
display similar terms to the search item in the internet.
Server is a computer that manages the network
Spam is a chain letter distributed to any user passed then to
another user.
Thread a series of message with the same subject.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) the
communication protocol used in the Internet
Web Browser a software needed in order to find, retrieve,
view and send information over the internet.
Webpage a unit or page that can be seen on the screen usually
a part of a website.
Website it consists of one or more webpage
World Wide Web (WWW) is a protocol that lets one link to the
Internet
Universal Resource Locator (URL) simulates an address that is
used to locate a server that usually hosts a certain website.