RAIL

● The main components are C and Mn.

● Ordinary rails - high carbon steel and for rails on points and crossings medium carbon steel is
used.
● Tensile strength of rail piece> 72 kg/m2
● Rail specimens should satisfy the “falling weight test” or “tup test”.
● Double headed rails -
Head and foot = 7.0 cm
● Bull headed rails -
Head = 6.87 cm, foot = 6.35cm
● Flat footed rails -
Head = 6.87cm, foot = 13.65cm

● Types of sections used in india

1. Rail section in use on BG
a) 60 kg/m b) 52kg/m c) 90R(lbs/yd) d) length = 12.80m.
2. Rail section in use on MG
a) 90R b) 75R c) 60R d) length = 11.89m
3. Rail section in use on NG
a) 50R b) length = 12m

● Max axle load = 560* sectional weight of rail

WEAR OF RAILS
● BASED ON LOCATION
1. Sharp curves.
2. Steep gradients.
3. Approaches to station.
4. Tunnels and coastal areas.
5. Weak foundations.

● BASED ON POSITION OF WEAR

1) At the top of the railhead

● Flow of metal
● Rubbing action on top of railhead.
● Abrasive action/ corrosive action.
● Improper superelevation/ centrifugal force.
● Slipping of wheels on curves.
● Fluctuation in tracks.
 ● Lack of provisions for adzing of sleepers.

2) Wear at the side of the rail head.

● Rigidity of wheelbase.
● Skidding of wheels on curves.
● Greater thrust on inner rail.

3) Wear at the end of the railhead.

● Loose fish plates, bolts.

● Heavy load at high speed.
● Effect of wide joints and openings.
● Diff in rail height at joints.

HOGGED RAILS
Due to battering action of wheels over the end of rails, the rail gets bent down and gets
reflected at ends.

BUCKLING OF RAILS
Means track has gone out of its original alignment.happens when expansion of joints due
temp variations is prevented.

WELDING OF RAILS
● Gas pressure welding
● Electric arc welding
● Flash butt welding
● Thermit welding

● The purpose of filet in a rail section is to avoid stress concentration.

● The distance between inner rail and check rail on a sharp curve is 44mm.
● A welded rail joint is generally suspended.
● On either side of the centerline of rails, a cant of 1 in 20 in sleeper is provided for a distance
of 175mm.
● Indian railways detects the rail flow by kraut Kramer flow detector.
● Max value of ‘throw of switch’ for the broad gauge track is 115mm.
● Stretcher bar is provided to maintain the two tongue rails at the exact distance.
● Slide chairs are provided under tongue rails to allow lateral movement
● Single line track embankment - 488cm.
● Double line track on the embankment - 884cm.
● Single line track in cutting - 427cm.
● Double line track in cutting - 827 cm.
● Tensile strength of rails used in rails should not be less than 700MPa.
● The width of foot for 90R rail section is 136.5mm
● The height of the rail for 52kg rail section is 156mm.
● The total gap on both sides between the inside edges of wheel flanges nd gauge faces of the
rail is kept as 19mm.
● Width of the top portion of a flat footed rail is 66.77.