Date………………………….. Experiment no: ……….

Class: M.Sc 4th Semester Group………………………….

Roll no. 91 Sub……………………………..
Shift: Day Set……………………………...

TO DESIGN AND STUDY PULSE AMPLIFIER

Apparatus Required

Bread Board
Resistors ( 100𝑘Ω, 1kΩ, 11kΩ, 2.2kΩ, 1kΩ, 100kΩ, 200kΩ)
Function Generators Potentiometer
Jumpers Power Supply
Transistor (BC 507)
Capacitors ( 22𝜇𝐹, 100𝜇𝐹, 0.1𝜇𝐹)

Theory

Pulse amplifier is an electronic circuit which amplifies any small signal and
converts in to pulse. A pulse consist of a voltage of current then increases from zero
constant to a maximum and decreases to zero ( constant ) in a comparatively short
time unless otherwise specified pulse is assumed to be rectangle

It consist of two parts 1) CE amplifier and other is (ii) Schmit trigger. In

experimental circuit fig (1) transistor (T1) is in CE amplifier mode which amplified
sine wave input signal in opposite phase and other part this circuit which indicates
transistors T2 and T3 in the form of Schmidt trigger. It changes sine wave into
rectangular wave having sharp leading edges.

Here, when (-ve) going on sine wave on the base of T2. Causes T3 saturaged which
gives low output and it remained positive until going to Sine wave  Vin ( high
threshold voltage ) on base of T2 gets negative going signal  VTC ( low threshold
voltage ). In this way we get rectangular wave pulse on collector of T 3. The turn on
voltage (Vth) is always greater then off voltage (VTL)

OBSERVATION OR CALCULATION

At point ( A )

Vin = 0.6 × 50 𝑚𝑉
= 0.03 mV
∴ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = (0.03 ± 0.01)𝑉z
 1 1
Frequency ( fin ) = 2×0.5 𝑚𝑠 = 0.001 = 1000 𝐻𝑧

At point C

Voltage of first peak = (0.6 × 2 )𝑣 = 1.2 𝑣

∴ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 1𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = (1.2 ± 0.4 )𝑣

And Voltage of 2nd peak = (1.3 × 2 )𝑣 = 2.6 v

∴ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = (2.6 ± 0.4)𝑣

Then Difference = (2.6 − 1.2)𝑣 = (1.4 ± 0.4)𝑣

At point B,

Voltage of 1st peak = (3.5 × 2)𝑣 = (7.0 ± 0.4 )𝑣

Voltage of 2nd peak = (4 × 2)𝑣 = (8.0 ± 0.4 )𝑣

At point D

Voltage of rectangular wave = 1.4 V

(1.4 ± 0.2 )𝑣

At point ( E )

Voltage of rectangular wave ( Vout) = (9.5 ± 1.0)𝑣

Result

At point Upper threshold voltage Lower threshold voltage

B (8.0 ± 0.4 )𝑣 (7.0 ± 0.4 )𝑣
C (2.6 ± 0.4)𝑣 (1.2 ± 0.4 )𝑣

Difference between upper and lower threshold voltage at C is

(1.4 ± 0.4 )𝑣
Discussion:

From base of Q2, we can get value for threshold frequencies which is imitated by the
upper section of triangular wave at ‘D’ and lower section as : - Difference of
threshold frequencies is equal to lower portion and lower threshold to upper portion.

Precaution

a) Circuit must be connected properly

b) To take reading of threshold frequencies the oscilloscope must be set to DC and
ground to get reference position ( ground ) .