Types of Displacement, Position &

Proximity Sensors
• Potentiometer Sensor
• Strain Gauged Element Sensor
• Differential transformers
• Eddy Current Proximity Sensors
• Optical Encoders
• Pneumatic Sensors
• Proximity Switches
• Hall Effect Sensors
Pneumatic Sensor
Hall Effect Sensor
Linear Variable Differential
Transformer (LVDT)
 Construction
• LVDT consists of three coils symmetrically
spaced along an insulated tube.
• The central coil is the Primary Coil and the
other two are the identical Secondary Coils
which are connected in series in such a way
that their outputs oppose each other.
• A magnetic core is moved through the central
tube as a result of the displacement being
monitored.
 Principal & Working
• When there is an alternating voltage input to
the primary coil, alternating e.m.f’s are
induced in the secondary coils.
• With the magnetic core in center, the amount
of e.m.f produced in each of the secondary
coils will be same.
• Since they are so connected that their outputs
oppose each other, the net result is zero
output.
 Principal & Working
• However, when the core is displaced from the
central position there is a greater amount of
magnetic core in one coil than the other.
• The result is that a greater e.m.f is induced in
one coil that the other.
• There is then a net output from from the two
coils.