SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
TOPIC : Transducer for measurement of
Displacement(LVDT , RVDT)
SUBJECT : EMMI(2130903)
Prepared By
NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
Maurya Abhishek O. 151240109017
Raulji Bhaveshsinh D. 151240109041
Menoth Aditya Viraj 151240109018
Dixit Patel 151240109034

Guided By
Prof. Vivek Sir & Prof. Mitali Pathak
 Measurement of Displacement
Displacement can be classified as,
a) Translational Displacement
b) Rotational Displacement

The motion of a body in a straight line between two

points is called translational displacement.
The motion of a body of angular type, about some
rotation axis is called rotational displacement.
Linear variable differential transformer
(LVDT)
The LVDT is also called Linear Variable
Differential Transducer.
Construction :
The LVDT consists of a single primary winding P1 and
two secondary windings S1 and S2 wound on a hollow
cylindrical former . The secondaries have an equal
number of turns but they are connected in series
opposition so that the e.m.f.s induced in the coils
oppose each other.A movable soft iron core slides
inside the hollow former. The core made up of nickel-
iron alloy. The displacement to be measured is
applied to an arm attached to the core. With the
core in the center the induced e.m.f.s in the
secondaries are equal so output voltage is zero.
Working :
When an extremely applied force moves the core to
the left-hand position, more magnetic flux links the
right-handed coil.The e.m.f. induced in the left hand
coil , ES1 , is therefore larger than the induced e.m.f
of the right hand coil , ES2. The magnitude of the
output voltage is then equal to the difference
between two secondary voltages and it is in phase
with the voltage of left hand coil.
Similary, when the core of force to move to right ,
more flux links the right hand coil then the left hand
coil and the resulting output voltage , which is the
difference between ES2 and ES1 , is now in phase with
the e.m.f of the right hand coil.
Thus the LVDT output voltages is a function of
the core position. The amount of a voltage
change in either secondary winding is
proportional to the amount of movement of
core. By nothing which output is incresing or
decreasing , the direction of the motion can
be determined. The output AC voltage inverse
in phase as the core passes through the center
null position. Further as the core moves from
the center , the greater is the difference in the
value between ES1 and ES2.
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages of LVDT
The transducers possess a high sensitivity.
The transducers have low hysteresis and hence repeatability is
excellent under all conditions.
They have infinite resolution.
They are simple, light in weight and easy to maintain.
Disadvantages of LVDT
They are sensitive to stray magnetic fields but shielding is
possible.
They are inherently low in power output.
Temperature affects the performance of transducer.
 Applications
The LVDT can be used in all applications where
displacements ranging from fraction of a mm
to a few cm have to be measured.

Acting as a secondary transducer it can be

used as a device to measure force, weight and
pressure.
 Rotary Variable Differential
Transformer
A Rotary Variable Differential Transformer
(RVDT) is an electromechanical transducer
that provides a variable alternating current
(AC) output voltage that is linearly
proportional to the angular displacement of
its input shaft. When energized with a fixed
AC source, the output signal is linear within a
specified range over the angular
displacement.
 Basic RVDT construction and operation is provided by rotating
an iron-core bearing supported within a housed stator
assembly. The housing is passivated stainless steel. The stator
consists of a primary excitation coil and a pair of secondary
output coils.

A fixed alternating current excitation is applied to the primary

stator coil that is electromagnetically coupled to the
secondary coils. This coupling is proportional to the angle of
the input shaft. The output pair is structured so that one coil
is in-phase with the excitation coil, and the second is 180
degrees out-of-phase with the excitation coil.
 When the rotor is in a position that directs the available flux
equally in both the in-phase and out-of-phase coils, the
output voltages cancel and result in a zero value signal. This is
referred to as the electrical zero position When the rotor shaft
is displaced from zero position, the resulting output signals
have a magnitude and phase relationship proportional to the
direction of rotation.

Because RVDTs perform essentially like a transformer,

excitation voltages changes will cause directly proportional
changes to the output (transformation ratio). However, the
voltage out to excitation voltage ratio will remain constant.
 Advantages
Low sensitivity to temperature, primary
voltage & frequency variations
Sturdiness
Low cost
Simple control electronics
Small size