‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪Ping Chen , Min Zhu :‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻌﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻞ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬

 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ LaNi5H6‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 115 Kg/m3‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ‪ MgH2‬ﻭ ‪ ،Mg2NiH4‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻻ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ً‬
‫)‪ (Peq‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ T‬ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ‪ LaNi5‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ZrV2‬ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Mg‬ﻭ ‪ Ca‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ‪ ،LaNi3‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ‪ Rare Earth =RE) RE-Mg-Ni‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺏ( ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍً ‪ 1,8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ‪ LaMg3‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﻰ ‪ Fe‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ‪،Ti-10Cr-18Mn-32V‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻯ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﻢ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ onboard‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ Mg‬ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺁﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﺭﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺑﻮﺭﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺭﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺭﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫)ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺁﻟﻰ )‪(MOFs‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ NaBH4‬ﻭ ‪ NH3BH3‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .1‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺟﺮﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ‬

‫‪AB5‬‬ ‫‪LaNi5‬‬ ‫‪LaNi5H‬‬ ‫‪Hexagonal‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪bar, 298 K 2‬‬
‫‪AB3‬‬ ‫‪CaNi3‬‬ ‫‪CaNi3H4.4‬‬ ‫‪Hexagonal‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪bar, 298 K 0.5‬‬
‫‪AB2‬‬ ‫‪ZrV2‬‬ ‫‪ZrV2H5.5‬‬ ‫‪Hexagonal‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪bar, 323 K 8–10‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬ ‫‪TiFe‬‬ ‫‪TiFeH1.8‬‬ ‫‪Cubic‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪bar, 303 K 5‬‬
‫‪A2B‬‬ ‫‪Mg2Ni‬‬ ‫‪Mg2NiH4‬‬ ‫‪Cubic‬‬ ‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪bar, 555 K 1‬‬
‫‪Solid solution‬‬ ‫‪Ti–V-based‬‬ ‫‪Ti-V-H4‬‬ ‫‪Cubic‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪bar, 298 K 1‬‬
‫‪Elemental‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪MgH2‬‬ ‫‪Hexagona‬‬ ‫‪7.6‬‬ ‫‪bar, 573 K 1‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )‪ (Pd,V,Ni‬ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ‪) hydriding‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ( ﻭ‬
‫)‪ (Cr2O3,Nb2O5‬ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ )ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪) dehydriding‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ‪ ، Mg‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪ MgH2‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ‪ TiF3‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺶ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Mg‬ﻭ ‪ Mg2Ni‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 4,5 ،573 K‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺟﺬﺏﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ MgH2‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻱ ‪ Mg‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚﺟﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪ MgH2‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Mg‬ﻭ ‪.(H2‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ MgH2‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ‪ 74 KJ/mol-H2‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢ )‪ 30‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 50‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ‪ 65,3 KJ/mol-H2‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(1‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺯ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪،Mg‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪MmM5-‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 1,3 nm‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (MmM5 = LaNi5-based RE alloy) 30%Mg‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ‪Mg‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌ ًﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺍﺗﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ H2‬ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ‪ H‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺳﻪﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 800) Pd/Mg/Pd‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ﻳﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬

‫‪39‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .1‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Mg‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫– ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ،30-50 nm‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ – ‪ ،80-100 nm‬ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ – ‪ 150-170 nm‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .2‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﻻﻳﻪ ‪-Mg/MmM5‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ‪ SEM‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓ ًﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻰ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﺷﻌﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻜﺲ‬
‫)‪ (XRD‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥﺩﺍﺭﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻯ ‪ LiH ،LiNH2‬ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ‪ Li-C‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ Li3N‬ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ‪ Li3N‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻱ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ 10,5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺮﻣﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Li3N + 2H2 = Li2NH + LiH + H2 = LiNH2 + 2LiH 10.5 mass %‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫‪ Mg‬ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Pd‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﻨﺪﻻﻳﻪﻱ‬
‫‪ Mg/MmM5/Mg and Mg/Mm–Ni/Mg‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪(2‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫‪ Mg‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫‪ LiNH2–2LiH‬ﻭ ‪ LiNH2–LiH‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 80 KJ/mol H2‬ﻭ ‪ 66‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 1 bar‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 250‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪LiNH2–LiH‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫)ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ( ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ‪ -‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻻﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (NaAlH4‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺨﺪﺍﻧﻮﻳﻚ )‪(Bogdanovic‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ‪ Li3N‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ 3 (a‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫‪ 1997‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ‪ NaAlH4‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ Li‬ﻭ ‪ Li3N‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ‪Li3N‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ‪ LiH‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ‪ H‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ‪Li‬ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ‪Li2NH‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫]‪ [AlH6‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ‪ LiNH2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪﻱ ‪ Li‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻱ ‪ ،2LiNH2–LiAlH4‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻫﻢﺍﺭﺯ ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫‪ Li2NH‬ﻭ ‪ H‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ،H2‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪) LiNH2‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (3 (b‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫‪ LiH‬ﻣﻰﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﮕﺎﺗﻴﻮﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ )‪ (H+δ‬ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ Al–N‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ )‪ (H-δ‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪H+δ‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ NH2‬ﻭ ‪[AlH4]-‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ H-δ‬ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪ H2‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ‪ H2‬ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ – ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻠﺰ‪ N-H-‬ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫)ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Mg (NH2)2‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ MgH2‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7,4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻭ‬
‫‪ Mg3N2‬ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ‪ NaNH2/LiALH4‬ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ LiNH2‬ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ LiBH4‬ﻭ ‪ LiAlH4‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ،Li3AlH6‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 11‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ‪ 2LiNH2+LiBH4‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 250-300‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ‪ Li3BN2‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .(2‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ onboard‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Pd, Pt, Ni, Co‬ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺎ ‪ 150‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻱ‬
‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ Li3BN2H8‬ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ‪ ،Li3BN2H8‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﻳﻮﺗﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،Li3BN2H8‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻧﮓ )‪ (Yang‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ MgH2‬ﺩﺭ ‪LiBH4–LiNH2‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪Li4BN3H10, Li2Mg (NH)2,‬‬
‫‪ Li3BN2‬ﻭ ‪ Mg3N2‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .3‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺑﻠﻮﺭﻯ )‪ – LiNH٢ (b) Li٣N (a‬ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻰ –‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ‬
‫‪3-‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻔﺶ – ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ LiNH2‬ﻭ ‪ LiAlH4‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ‪ [AlH4]-‬ﺑﻪ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫‪Li2Mg(NH)2‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ‪ Li2Mg(NH)2‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺍ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﻮﺗﺮﻭﻣﺒﻴﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(4‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻳﻮﻥ ‪ Li‬ﻭ ‪ ،Mg‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ Mg(NH2) 2 + 2LiH‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻓﻘﻰ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻴﺐﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 38,9 KJ/mol-H2‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮔﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻮﻑ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ‪ ،bar1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﭘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻰ )‪ (PEM‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؛‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ )‪ (Hu‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪) LiBH4‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(5‬ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 140‬ﻭ ‪ 100‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Li2Mg(NH)2‬ﻭ ‪Li2Ca(NH)2‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ MgCa(NH)2‬ﻭ ‪Li3BN2H8‬ﻭ‪ Li4BN3H10‬ﻭ ‪ Li2BNH6‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻙ ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗﺮﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪ Li3AlN2‬ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ‪ LiNH2, LiH, AlN‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ LiNH2–Li3AlH6‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺟﻴﻤﺎ )‪(Kojima‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪ Li2NH, Al, LiH , Li3AlN2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ Li3AlH6–2LiNH2‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻮ )‪(Lu‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ Al-N‬ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Li3AlH6‬ﻭ ‪) LiNH2‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫‪ 1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ (3‬ﻭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ )‪Mg(NH2‬‬
‫‪ 2–LiAlH4‬ﻭ ‪ Mg (NH2)2–Li3AlH6‬ﺭﺍ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ 6,2 .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 300‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ Mg(NH2)2–Li3AlH6‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Mg(NH2)2–LiH‬ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪Mg(NH2)2‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ ،LiH‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫)ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ(‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ Mg(NH2) 2–LiH‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،2‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪150-250‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ‪ 5,6‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬
‫‪ 18,4) LiBH4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ( ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪LiBH4‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫‪ LiBH4‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ LiNH2‬ﻭ ‪ MgH2‬ﻭ ‪ CaH2‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ‪ LiBH4–2LiNH2‬ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻯ ‪ – Li2Mg (NH)2‬ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ LiBH4‬ﻭ ‪ MgH2‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪1‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ‪KJ/‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‪-‬ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻰ‪ -‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
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‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .5‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ‪B-doped Mg (NH2) 2–2LiH‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﺩﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪ 25 mol-H2‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ LiBH4‬ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Mg(BH4)2‬ﻛﻪ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻳﺶ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Mg(BH4)2·2NH3‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 150‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻃﻲ‬ ‫‪ Mg(BH4)2‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪﻱ ‪ LiBH4‬ﻭ ‪ MgCl2‬ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺭﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﮕﺰﺍﮔﻮﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﺗﻮﺗﺮﻭﻣﺒﻴﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 340‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ Mg(BH4)2‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺗﺴﻮﻧﺎﮔﺎ )‪-Matsun‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ Mg (BH4)2‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪MgH2‬‬ ‫‪ (aga‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻰ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻳﺎ‪ (BH)x‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ MgB2‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 39,3 KJ/mol-H2‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﻰ ﻭ ‪ 91,3 J/mol-H2‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫‪ Mg (NH2)2–LiH‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ Li2Mg2(NH)3‬ﻭ ‪ ،LiNH2‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ Li2Mg(NH)2‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪ H2‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﻚ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ (…,B,N‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻱ –‪RTln(P)=ΔH‬‬
‫‪ ،ΔST‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 150‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻰ ‪ PEM‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ Ca(BH4)2‬ﻭ ‪ Zn(BH4)2‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪.(B2H6‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻮﺭﻯ )‪ (Nakamori‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻱ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﮕﺎﺗﻴﻮﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ M (BH4)n‬ﻛﻪ ‪ M = Li, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﮕﺎﺗﻴﻮﻯ ‪ ، M‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺩﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻳﻨﮓ ‪M(BH4)n‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫<<‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .2‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬

‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫‪ Mg(BH4) 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪ MgH2‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪ ، H2‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ‪ J/mol-‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻳﻮﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 91,3 H2‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ‪) 130,7 J/mol-H2‬ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ‪ (H2‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺠﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪1388‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ - 2‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪139‬‬

‫‪ 29,4 J/mol-H2‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﻪﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺗﻚﻓﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Ti, Ni, Co‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ )ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻰﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪Materialstoday, Vol. 11, No. 12, Dec 2008 :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﻱ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ‬