Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Relations & Functions- L4 :

Range of Function
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

RANGE
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Range
The set of all ‘y’ values we get from the function y = f(x), by substituting all
x - values from domain in the function is called as Range.
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Procedure for finding out range of function

For the function y = f(x)
1) Express x explicitly in terms of y
2) Find the possible values for y (like domain for x)
3) Eliminate value(s) of y w.r.t x, if applicable
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Range
The set of all ‘y’ values we get from the function y = f(x), by substituting all
x - values from domain in the function is called as Range.
x
f : A → B, y = f(x) = Domain of f is R – {1}
x–1
2 3
f(2) = f(3) =
2–1 3–1
3
f(2) = 2 f(3) =
2
3
(x, y) = (2, 2) (x, y) = 3,
2
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Range
The set of all ‘y’ values we get from the function y = f(x) by substituting all
x - values from domain in the function is called as Range.
x
f : A → B, y = f(x) = Domain of f is R – {1}
x–1
3
(x, y) = (2, 2) (x, y) = 3,
2
Lets try to write x in terms of y
x y
y= x=
x–1 y–1
yx –y = x
yx –x = y
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Range
The set of all ‘y’ values we get from the function y = f(x) by substituting all
x - values from domain in the function is called as Range.
x
f : A → B, y = f(x) = Domain of f is R – {1}
x–1
3 y
(x, y) = (2, 2) (x, y) = 3, x=
2 y–1
2
If y = 2 ⇒ x = =2
2–1
3 3
3 2 2
If y = ⇒x= = =3
2 3 –1 1
2 2
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 1
x–2
Find the range of the function, f(x) =
2x + 3
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 1
x–2
Find the range of the function, f(x) =
2x + 3

Solution
x–2
y= 2y –1 ≠ 0
2x + 3
1
y≠
2xy + 3y = x – 2 2
2xy – x = –3y – 2 1
Range = R –
2
–(3y + 2)
x =
2y – 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 2
2x + 3
Find the range of the function f(x) =
x
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 2
2x + 3
Find the range of the function f(x) =
x

Solution

2x + 3 3
=y x=
x y–2

2x + 3 = xy y≠2

3 = xy – 2x Range = R – {2}

x(y – 2) = 3
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
Question 3
Find the range of the following functions

f(x) = √ x – 2
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Solution a) f(x) = √ x – 2
= y (≥ 0)
x–2 = y2
x = y2 + 2
x is defined for all real y
∴ Range = [0, ∞)
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 4
Find the range of the following functions
1
f(x) =√ x+2
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

1
Solution
1
f(x) = √x + 2 (≥ 0)
= y 1
x = 2– 2
√x + 2 y
1 = x+2 1 – 2y2
y √ x =
y2
1 x is defined for all real y except ‘0’
=x+2
y2 ∴ Range = (0, ∞)
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 5
Find the range of the following function, f(x) = √ x2 + 2x + 3
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question
Find the range of the following function, f(x) = √ x2 + 2x + 3

Solution Method 1
y = √ x2 + 2x + 3 ( y ≥ 0) y +√2 y –√2 ≥0
x2 + 2x + 3 – y2 = 0 + – +
Δ ≥ 0 –√ 2 √2
4 – 4 (3 – y2) ≥ 0
2
y (
–∞ , – √ 2 ∪ √2 , ∞
(
1–3+y ≥0 ∈
y2 – 2 ≥ 0 ∴y √2 , ∞
(
∈
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question
Find the range of the following function, f(x) = √ x2 + 2x + 3

Solution Method 2

x2 + 2x + 3 = (x + 1)2 + 2

0 ≤ (x + 1)2 < ∞ (
y √2 , ∞
2 ≤ (x + 1)2 + 2 < ∞ ∈

√ 2 ≤ √ x2 + 2x + 3 < ∞
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 6
2–x
Find the range of function, y = f(x) = √ x
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 6
2–x
Find the range of function, y = f(x) = √ x

Solution y≥0
2–x
y = √ x x (y2 + 1) = 2
2
y2 = 2 –x x x =
y2 + 1
y2 x = 2 – x x is defined for all real y

y2 x + x = 2 Range = [0, ∞)
differential equations class 12 iit jee
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

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Relations & Functions - Lesson 4 Question 7

Find the range of f (x) = √ 9 – x2 Find the range of f (x) = √ x2 – 9

Find the range of f (x)= 1/ √ x2 – 9 Find the range of f (x)= 1/

Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 8
x2 + x – 1
Find the range of function, f(x) = 2
x + 2x + 3
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 8
x2 + x – 1
Find the range of function, f(x) = 2
x + 2x + 3 D ≥ 0

Solution
x2 + x – 1
= y
x2 + 2x + 3
x2 + x – 1 = yx2 + 2xy + 3y
yx2 – x2 + 2xy – x + 3y + 1 = 0
x2 (y – 1) + x(2y – 1) + (3y + 1) = 0
(2y – 1)2 – 4 (y – 1) (3y + 1) ≥ 0
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question
x2 + x – 1
Find the range of function, f(x) = 2
x + 2x + 3
Solution (2y – 1)2 – 4 (y – 1) (3y + 1) ≥ 0
– √ 11 + 1 √ 11 + 1
2 2
4y – 4y + 1 – 4 [3y – 2y – 1] ≥ 0 Range = ,
4 4
– 8y2 + 4y + 5 ≥ 0

8y2 – 4y – 5 ≤ 0
1 –√ 11 1 + √ 11
≤ y ≤
4 4
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

RANGE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Trigo Range
function

sinx

cosx

tanx

secx

cosecx

cotx
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 9
Find the range of function, f (x) = 2 + sin x
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 9
Find the range of function, f (x) = 2 + sin x

Solution
–1 ≤ Sin x ≤ 1

1 ≤ 2 + Sin x ≤ 3

1 ≤ f (x) ≤ 3

Range = [1, 3]
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 10
1
Find the range of function, f (x) =
3 – 2 cos x
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question 10
1
Find the range of function, f (x) =
3 – 2 cos x

Solution
1 1
–1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1 ≤ ≤ 1
5 3 – 2cos x
–1 ≤ – cos x ≤ 1
1
≤ f (x) ≤ 1
–2 ≤ –2 cos x ≤ 2 5
1
1 ≤ 3 – 2 cos x ≤ 5 Range = ,1
5
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Q. The range of the function

IIT - JEE, 2003

A

D
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Q. The range of the function

A B C D

Solution:
IIT - JEE . 2003
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

H.W.
Find the range of function, f(x) = √ x2 +x + 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

Question
2
Find the range of function, f(x) = √ x +x + 1

Solution
(–3) Range = √3 ,∞
– ≤ x2 + x + 1 < ∞ 2
4
3
≤ x2 + x + 1 < ∞
4

√ 3 ≤ x2 + x + 1 < ∞
2
√
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4
Relations & Functions - Lesson 4

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