1) Describe the legislation relating to health and safety in your setting

Legislations/codes of practice relating to general health and safety in a health or social care work
setting are:[ CITATION htt2 \l 1033 ]
 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
 Riddor 1995
 COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)
 Manual Handling operations regulations 1992
 Health And Safety (First aid regulations 1981)
 Fire protection (Workplace) Regulations 1997
 Food Safety Act 1990
 Personal Protective Equipment and Management of Health and safety at work regulations 1999.
2) Describe the main points of your organizational health and safety policies and procedures
Some policies and procedures that may be in place in your own workplace could include:[ CITATION
Ans \l 1033 ]
 Recording and reporting an accident (e.g. online system, accident book, form etc.)
 Storage of medication
 Safe operating instructions for a piece of equipment
 Evacuation procedure and route (e.g. in case of fire)
 Handling clinical waste
 Positive Behavior Management Plan (e.g. what to do if an individual displays behavior that
challenges)
3) Discuss at length, the main health and safety responsibilities of:
Yourself
 Take reasonable care of yourself and others (do not put yourself or others at risk)
 Remove hazards or risks in the workplace
 Report any hazards or risks that you cannot resolve yourself to your manager[ CITATION
Ans \l 1033 ]
The employer or manager
 Provide a safe place to work
 Assess and reduce/eliminate any risks in the workplace
 Put necessary policies and procedures in place to ensure safety
 Provide necessary training
 Provide adequate work equipment[ CITATION Ans \l 1033 ]
Others in the work setting
 Take reasonable care of yourself and others (do not put yourself or others at risk)
 Report hazards and risks[ CITATION Ans \l 1033 ]
4) Identify specific tasks in the work setting that should not be carried out without special
training
There are three levels of first aid training: First aider, emergency first aid at work and appointed
person. If you have not received training in any of the levels, you should not attempt any form of first
aid, but must seek help immediately. Without specialist first aid training, you should not attempt first
aid as you could make an injury or condition worse. For example, moving someone into the recovery
position could make a neck or spinal injury worse.
5) Describe different types of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in your own work
setting
Accidents: Slips, Trips, Falls, Burns, Choking, misuse of equipment, etc...
Illnesses: strokes, Cardiac arrest, food poisoning, Allergies, influenza, flues/colds, bugs, asthma,
seizures, convulsions, fainting.[ CITATION Uni \l 1033 ]
6) Explain procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occur
In emergency situations, what you should do is:
 Remain calm and send for help by shouting, phoning or finding someone.
 Observe the individual, listen to what they are saying, try to find them what happened and
reassure them, but do not remove them unless it is necessary for safety.
 Stay with the injured or sick individual until help arrives, observing and noting any changes in
condition, as you will need to tell relevant medical staff or others what you have seen.
 Do as little as you have to do in order to keep the causality stable and alive until qualified help
arrives.
 Complete a full written report and follow agreed ways of working to inform carers or family
members who need to know.[ CITATION Uni \l 1033 ]
7) Explain own role in supporting others to follow practices that reduce the spread of
infection
Ways you can reduce or slow the spread of infections include:
 Get the appropriate vaccine
 Wash your hands frequently
 Stay home if you are sick(so you do not spread the illness to other people)
 Use a tissue or cough or sneeze into your arm, not your hand. Turn away from other people.
 Use single use tissues. Dispose tissues immediately.
 Wash your hands after coughing sneezing or using tissue.
 If working with children, have them play with hard surfaces toys that can be easily cleaned.
 Do not touch your nose, eyes or mouth(viruses can transfer from your hands yto your body)
 Do not share cups, glasses, dishes of cutlery.
8) Describe the causes and spread of infection
Infection is harm caused by micro-organisms, which are often referred to as ‘germs’. Micro-organisms
(microbes) are living organisms so small that they cannot be seen without the use of powerful
microscope – they are microscopic. Micro-organisms that cause infection are known as Pathogens.
Bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi and parasites are all examples of micro-organisms that can cause
infection.
Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by insects or other
animals. And you may get others by consuming contaminated food or water or being exposed to
organisms in the environment.[ CITATION Inf \l 1033 ]
9) Explain the main points of legislation that relates to moving and handling
The following legislation may be relevant for assessing moving and handling risks:[ CITATION Mov \l
1033 ]
 Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (HSWA)
 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (MHOR) (as amended 2002)
 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
10) Explain principles for safe moving and handling
Basic Principles of safe moving and handling:
There are several factors that can potentially present hazard when carrying out manual handling
activities. These are a combination of load, the task, the environment and the individual.
There are some simple steps you can take before and during moving a load.
1. Plan the lift and carefully consider whether additional lifting aids are needed. A manual
handling risk assessment may also be required at this stage.
2. Reduce the distance of the lift where possible.
3. Map out your route and remove any objections that may cause an obstruction.
4. Wear suitable clothing that doesn’t threaten to obstruct lift.
5. Ensure you have a good grip on the load, whether lifting pushing or pulling.
6. Ensure the person handling the load has completed adequate training such as our Level 2 Award
in Principles of Manual Handling.
7. Know your limits and be confident to ask for help if needed.
11) Describe types of hazardous substances that may be found in the work setting
Many industrial, agricultural and medical organizations use hazardous substances. The degree of
hazard depends upon concentration of the chemical.
Common hazardous substances in the workplace include:
 Acids
 Caustic Substances
 Disinfectants
 Glues
 Heavy metals including, mercury, lead, cadmium and aluminum
  Paint
 Pesticides
 Petroleum Products
 Solvents
12) Describe practices that prevent fires from:
Starting
Practical advice for fire prevention include:
 Keeping flammable substances and ignition sources apart
 Avoid using naked flames until absolutely necessary
 Do not smoke in the workplace
 Having clean and tidy workplace
 Do not leave food cooking unattended
 Avoid using portable heaters were possible
Spreading
 Using firefighting equipment such as fire extinguishers or fire blankets
 Closing doors
 Call emergency services as soon as possible
13) Explain emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting
1. Report any fire to the departmental fire and safety team immediately.
2. Follow instructions from Fire Marshals and Safety Officers in case of fire.
3. Switch off electrical supply at main switch outside lab door.
4. Switch off gas supply at tap on southern wall.
5. Phone Facilities Management (4666) to switch off the air conditioning.
6. Phone risk management (2333) for help.
7. Use another blanket in case of small fire.
8. Use water on all paper or wood fires. Water hoses are only used for big fire.
9. Use CO2 extinguishers on all the other fires including electrical fires.
10. Use dry chemical powder cylinders if other methods do not succeed. Use dry chemical powder
if liquid is burning.
11. If the fire is out of control and a danger, do not attempt to put it out, evacuate the building
immediately.
12. If the fire alarm rings after hours, contact USBD (2333) and evacuate the building immediately.
Take the after hour log book with you if possible to the assembly point.
13. Place an “all clear” sign on the door as you leave to indicate that the room has been evacuated.
14. Do not use lift during an evacuation.
15. Do not use the center stairwell as an emergency exit, unless both emergency exits are
inaccessible.
16. Gather for a headcount on an emergency gathering area which is on the grass outside the
Engineering building.
 17. Do not enter the building again until it has been declared safe to enter by the Local Fire
Department.
14) Explain the importance of ensuring that others are aware of their own whereabouts
When you are at work, especially when you go off-site, you should always insure that another member
from your staff knows your whereabouts.
This is important because your employer can confirm that you are not in the building. For example in
the event of fire no other lives will be put at risk looking for you if they believe you are at the main
premises.
That can also know that you are not taking any unnecessary risks and are working within your job role.
In addition if you were to go missing, you are fainted, your employer would have an idea of your
location and emergency assistant would be able to get to you sooner.[ CITATION Ans \l 1033 ]
15) Describe common signs and indicators of stress
Physical Symptoms Thinking Based Emotional Behavioral
Symptoms Symptoms Changes
Dizziness Racing Constant worry Anxiety Bossiness
heart
General Stooped Forgetfulness Anger Compulsive
aches and posture eating
pains
Grinding Shoulder Difficulty making Feeling powerless Critical
teeth and back decisions attitude of
pain others
Clenches Sweaty Inability to Frequent mood Explosive
jaws palms concentrate swings actions
Headaches Exhaustio Lack of creativity Irritability Frequent
n job changes
Indigestion Trembling Loss of sense of Frustration Impulsive
s humor actions
Muscle Upset Lack of openness Nervousness Increased
tension stomach new approaches use of
alcohol
Difficulty More Difficulty of Sadness Withdrawal
sleeping frequent learning new from social
illness things situations

16) Describe signs that indicate own stress

Physical Thinking Emotional Behavioral
Headaches Poor Irritability Increased smoking
concentration
Indigestion/heartburn Unable to Becoming angry Increased use of
listen to others with others too alcohol
easily
 Lack of appetite/over Memory lapses Depresses/tearful Appetite change
eating
Muscular Confusion and Frightened Restlessness
tension/aches disorientation
Nausea/being sick Difficulty Worried Absence
making
decisions
Indigestion Poor planning Impatient Lack of
and task motivation/commitment
execution
Dizziness Negative / Mood swings Increased aggression
unhelpful
thought
patterns
Palpitations More prone to
accidents
Sleepless Avoid contact with
others
Fatigue Loss of sense of humor

17) Discuss at length, factors that tend to trigger own stress

Life stresses can also have a big impact. Examples of life stresses are:
 The death of a loved one
 Divorce
 Loss of a job
 Increase in financial obligations
 Getting married
 Moving to a new home
 Chronic illness or injury
 Emotional problems(depression, anxiety, anger, grief, guilt, low self-esteem)
 Taking care of san elderly or sick family member.
 Traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, theft, rape or violence against you or a loved one.
18) Compare strategies for managing stress
 Keep positive attitude.
 Accept that there are events that you cannot control.
 Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions or beliefs instead of becoming
angry, defensive or possessive.
 Learn practical relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, tai-chi for stress management
 Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better if it is fit.
 Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.
 Learn to manage your time more effectively.
  Set limits appropriately and learn to say no to the request that would create excessive stress in
your life.
 Make time for hobbies, interest and relaxation.

References

[1] [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/23740683/NVQ_health_and_social_care.

[2] "Answers for health and social care," [Online]. Available: https://dsdweb.co.uk/level-2-diploma-in-
care/health-safety-and-well-being-in-care-settings/outline-the-main-points-of-the-health-and-
safety-policies-and-procedures-agreed-with-the-employer/.
[3] "Unit 208 Understanding Health And Safety Essay," [Online]. Available:
https://www.cram.com/essay/Unit-208-Understanding-Health-And-Safety/FK2A473XJ.
[4] "Infectiious diseases," [Online]. Available: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173.
[5] "Moving and handling in health and social care," [Online]. Available:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/healthservices/moving-handling.htm.