Clive Oxenden

Christina Latham-Koenig
Paul Seligson

O X TO RD
U N IV E R S IT Y PRESS

Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are die

original co-authors of English File 1 (pub. 1996)
and English File 2 (pub. 1997).
 b Look at the picture, read the article, an d com plete it More Words to Learn
with the prepositions.
Write translations and try to remember the words
across along (x 2) -around into out of Word Pronunciation Translation
past through to toward under
fans noun /faenz/
field noun /Til cl/
Last day at school for goal noun /goul/

boy with dirty shoes! hole noun

match noun
/houl/
/msetj/
net noun /net/
player noun /'pleisr/
stadium noun /'steidism/
track noun /traek/
score (a goal, points) /skor/
verb ..............

Last Wednesday started I Mr. Duff's car, and started it. f > { : <r-v r-4.- r* I f 5 ' f - r‘ ; I 1

as normal for 15-year-old

.

Then he drove 5------- — -— — P& ,v H|j J' PJj fj r;

wmm g Bnp SBI . . . ■■ |
% ^H
■

Michael Brewster at his the street, 6---------------------

school.
At 10:30 a.m. Michael's
class was jogging 1^ I o u n d _
the gym. But when Mr. Duff,
1
Can you answer these questions?
-i-i
the bridge, 7_________ the What's your favorite sport? Why?
security guard and 8_______ What was the last sports event that you went to see?
the school gates. Then he How do you get from your English classroom to the
turned left and drove nearest cafe?

the gym teacher, told Michael to I 9 the road for about When you go to class, do you have to go over or under
a bridge?
clean his dirty tennis shoes, he 100 m e te rs 10 the
Do you go past a supermarket on your way home?
got really angry. He ran principal's house. That was
2_________ the gym, and when he lost control. He tried
back to the iocker room, where to stop, w e n t 11 the
he found Mr. Duffs keys. From field and crashed into a tree.
there, he w e n t3 Michael left the school shortly
Complete each sentence with one word.
the parking lot, g o t 4 ___ ! after the incident.
He been to Mexico three times.
Anna___________ arrived yet. I hope she's OK.
p.134 Grammar Bank 5D People in the US drive___________ slowly than
people in Germany.
3 PRO NUNCIATIO N prepositions He's the__________ intelligent student in the school,
It's easy__ meet people at a party.
Circle the preposition w ith a different so u n d
She stopped soccer after she broke her leg
Mm m You have _ _show an ID card to board
§ © the plane.
He drove. of the parking lot and into
across along from the street.
along around down
<^ove?) through out
i

www.oup.com/eli/americanenglishfile/2
1 TAKING SOM ETHING BACK 3 READING
C om plete the dialogue w ith one w ord
in each space.
Union Square
A Hi. How can I help you?
Union Square is an important shopping area. Every major department
B 11 b ought these pants yesterday, store is nearby, and the square is also a center for exclusive and high
and I’ve 2 d ______ they’re too big. quality fashions. Names like Dior, Armani, Marc Jacobs, and Yves Saint
A Would you like to try a smaller size? Laurent all have boutiques in the area. If you like crowds, then
Saturday afternoon would be the perfect time to visit. If you prefer to
B No, thanks. 1 3 1 on the small
have the stores to yourself, then go when most of San Francisco is
size yesterday and they were working. Weekday mornings are always quiet. Most stores are open
4t small. until 8:00 p.m., and some even later. Here are some of our favorites.

A Well, would you like to exchange them BORDERS: Four floors the largest selections of suitable for the office, like
of books, videos, DVDs, CDs in San Francisco. cashmere or lambswool
for something else?
CDs, and more. There Virgin also sells music sweaters. Accessories
B No, I’d prefer my money back. Could I is a cafe on the second books and videos and include hats, jackets,
floor serving coffee and hosts the occasional artist leather belts, and shoes.
have a 5 r _________, please?
pastries, with a seating album signing. The third 256 Grant Avenue
A Of course. Do you have the receipt? area that overlooks floor cafe is popular.
CAMPER: This Spanish-
Union Square. Special 2 Stockton Street
B Yes, 6 h _ it is. based company presents
events, like author
BANANA REPUBLIC: comfortable shoes in
readings, are held on
You can find the latest playful shapes and colors.

Adapted front a website

2 SO CIA L EN GLISH I the third floor.
fashions at prices that The store itself is a "work
400 Post Street
aren't cheap but in progress," where
C om plete the dialogues.
VIRGIN MEGASTORE: won't break the bank customers can write or
1 A Wh at________ didyou th ________ This huge three-story either. There are casual draw on the walls.

of Guadalajara? music store offers one of clothes that are still 39 Grant Avenue

B It was fabulous.
2 A I didn’t have enough time to see
a Read the text. M atch the highlighted w ords to their m eanings.
everything.
1 most recent latest_
B N_ _____ mind.
2 small, expensive clothing stores _______ __________ ___
3 A What a 1_________ evening!
3 has a view over ____________________
B Yes, it’s beautiful, isn’t it?
4 won’t be very expensive ____________________
4 A What w _________ you 1___ ____
5 lots of people _____________ ___ ___
to drink?
6 very big -_-__
B A coffee, please.
5 A Do you want to go out for dinner? b W here could you ... ?

B What a g _______i_________ ! 1 buy a guidebook to the city Borders_

6 A Did you find the post office? 2 listen to a writer reading their new b o o k ____________

B No, I got 1_________ 3 buy a new shirt ___ _____________ ___

4 meet a rock star ____________________
5 buy a new pair of boots ____________________
6 have a view of Union Square ____________________
 mmm

1 G R AMMAR if + present, will + base form c Read and m atch the paragrap h s to the correct pictures, A -G .
a M atch the sentence halves.
Here are six more examples of Murphy’s Law: Traditions and 1 The tooth fairy D
puts
1 If you don’t remember to take Superstitions If a child (put) a lost tooth

under the pillow at night, the tooth fairy

an umbrella, i* . ' r-' ' A -*- v * *

A
-V
v* :
■; i
_________ (come) during the night and
2 If you’re in a hurry,
U •. :
- •:a leave behind some money.
•V'
;,.,0 • s>-’
3 If you drop a slice of toast on the floor,
. *:■i
m
«•'>7 7' v ** 2 Good luck
4 If you forget to take a map, v j.

If the first butterfly you (see)

5 If a door says “Pull
in the year is white, you _
6 If you’re looking for a girlfriend,
(have) good luck all year.

a something will go wrong to slow you down.

|f '' • <i, | ■: ( ■'■v <r 'V^y:b^~j 3 Ladders
b you’ll get lost.
If you _ (walk) under a ladder,
c it’ll rain.
you (have) bad luck for a year.
d when you finally meet someone you like,
they won’t like you. 4 Throwing a coin in a fountain
e you’ll push it first. If you (throw) a coin into a

f it’ll land buttered-side down. well or fountain and (make) a

wish, the w is h ____ (come) true.

b Circle the correct form .
1 If you (take)/ will take Vitamin C, you won’t 5 Gold at the end o a rainbow
get a cold. If y o u _____ (dig) at the end of a

2 If the kids play baseball there, they break / rainbow, you (find) gold.

will break the window! 6 Mirrors

3 I’ll call you tomorrow if I hear / will hear any If you (break) a mirror, you

news. (have) seven years of bad luck.

4 If you stay / will stay at that hotel, it’ll be very

7 Bees
expensive. if a bee (fly) into your home,
5 lack is / will be sad if he doesn’t see you soon you (have) a visitor. If
tomorrow. you (kill) the bee, you

6 If you see / will see an accident, call the police! (have) bad luck, or the visitor

7 You be / 51.1be cold if you go out without (be) someone you don't like.

a coat.
8 If you go to bed early tonight, you feel / d C om plete the sentences w ith the correct fo rm of the verbs in
parentheses.
will feel better in the morning.
2 V O C A B U LA R Y confusing verbs More Words to Learn
C om plete the sentences w ith the correct verbs. Write translations and trv to remember the words.
1 She was wearing blue earrings a n d canying _ a Word Pronunciation Translation
red bag. (carry, wear) law noun /b /
2 Tiger Woods has already____ a lot of golf size noun /saiz j
tournaments a n d ___________ a fortune, though he’s still simple adjective /'simpl/
fairly young, (earn, win) investigate verb /in'vsstegeit/
3 Jack was that his girlfriend would call to say kill verb /kill
she was sorry He by the phone all evening, run away verb /VAYi 3‘wei/
but, unfortunately, she never called him. (hope, wait) spill verb /spil/
4 My parents the whole wedding video, but directly adverb /ds'rsktli/
my brother decided to the photos instead. together adverb /te ’geSsr/
(look at, watch) fall in love /fol in Iav/
5 I’ve her for years. I her when
we were in college, (know, meet) Study idea
6 If you the dinner, I’ll the Irregular verbs
1 When you learn new verbs, check in the dictionary to
dishes, (do, make)
see if they are regular or irregular.
7 A Do I ________ . OK, Mom?
2 If they are irregular, write IRR next to the verb in your
B You fantastic - in fact you vocabulary notebook, and write the simple past form
your father when he was young, (look, look like) next to it, too.
3 Look up investigate, kill, spill, and run in your
dictionary Which one is irregular? What are the simple
past forms?

3 PRONUNCIATION vowels
a M atch each group of w ords to the correct so u n d
- ^ j ig ^ fWm ' ^ S I
1 Italy, fifty, spill b
Can you answer these questions?
2 seat, he, sleep
pm
■Jm
k.*ff|
m What will you do if it rains this weekend?
3 not, shopping, father mm
. 3*m
#:’■
1 M
mI&
■ S ? If you watch a DVD this weekend, what movie will
4 caught, bought, called
you see?
5 look, took, push 1mm mk What will happen if you're late for your next English class?
■n wm
6 do, supermarket, move * *
K» a If you leave home at 8:30 tomorrow morning, will you be
late for work or school?
a b c mi •B
St ■H
Will you pass your next English test if you don't study?
rLv\------0
VVMV/■
iBIil iR1ri%U *B,¥M*
SuDnM
e
n f
a
b Practice saying the words.
1 GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form 2 PRONUNCIATION word stress
a Com plete the sentences w ith the correct form o f the a W rite the w ords in the correct stress group
verbs in parentheses.
afraid animal attack chicken crocodile
1 If I (have) a car, I would drive (drive) insect mosquito safari
to work.
1 Two syllables, stress on first syllable
2 Ifl (see) a snake, I (be)
open
terrified!
2 Two syllables, stress on second syllable
3 I (not know) what to do if I
about, __________ , ___ ________
(find) a mouse in my kitchen.
3 Three syllables, stress on first syllable
4 What you (do) if you
finally,
(lose) your job?
4 Three syllables, stress on second syllable
5 If my sister (be) older, she
direction, , _____
(come) with me to the party
6 My parents (buy) a bigger house if they b Practice saying the words.

(have) more money.

3 V O C A B U LA R Y animals
b R eorder the w ords to com plete the sentences and
C om plete the crossword.
questions.
1 Fd / shark / be / frightened / very Clues across

If I saw a shark, f d be very frightened 1 m

4

2 saw / you / a / fire / if / do / you / would

mmjsm mi ' ■/ ■f ■■■

W hat ________ ______ ________

3 he / if / sailing / could / swim Clues down ^

He’d go
4 new / lottery / clothes / won / she’d / lots of / the / buy
mm mm i m
If s h e ___ .
5 couldn’t / if / would / do / they / people / watch / TV
W h a t____________ _ _ ________ ________
6 if / go / the / were / to / doctor I I I you
I’d _____________ _________________

Book p.136 Grammar Bank 6B

 4 READING
a Read the first p a rt o f the text an d check ( / ) the things you w ould do.

. • '•.-•r.-V . , 1
- • I .O - I .

If you were hiking in the North American wilderness

and you saw a bear coming slowly toward you, what
would you do?
T d talk to it quietly" "I'd climb a tree"
T d walk away slowly." T d pretend to be dead "
T d try not to look at it" T d pepper spray its eyes."
T d make a loud noise." T d try to fight it"
T d run"

b N ow read the rest o f the article. W hich sentence is

the best sum m ary? More Words to Learn
1 Theres nothing you can do if a bear attacks you. W rite translations and try to rem em b er the words.
2 There are lots of things you can do if a bear attacks you. Word Pronunciation Translation
3 Bears always try to avoid people. fur coat noun /far k o o t/
pet noun /pet/
Well, all of these are possible - the best thing to do
shore noun /Jbr/
depends on the mood that the bear is in. If it comes
toward you slowly, experts say you should talk to it bark verb /bark/
quietly, walk away as slowly as possible, and don't climb (a tree) verb /klaim/
look the bear in the eye. It might lose interest.
disappear verb /diso'pir/
If not... then be aggressive, make a noise, and
drown verb / d rao n /
wave your hands. If that doesn't work, and the bear
continues to come toward you, then run. But only if you lie on (the ground) verb /lai an/
are sure that you can reach somewhere safe before the wave (your arms) verb /weiv/
bear reaches you. And remember that a bear can run as
weigh verb /wei/
fast as an Olympic sprinter, Don't climb a tree. Bears
climb them all day long, and they can climb better than
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you can. Water is also not safe. Bears love water and are ■;v.v:>y>:::>>v:;*:v
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excellent swimmers. If your car is nearby, try to get inside.

If a bear attacks you, then you can pretend to be dead. Can you answer these questions?
Bears who don't want to eat you may lose interest and Where would you go on vacation if you could
go away. If you have pepper spray, then spray it in the go anywhere?
bear's face. This works 75% of the time. The final :^>:¥ What would you do if you won the lottery?
possibility is to fight back. Most bears are much bigger
What would your family think if you decided to
and stronger than you, but they may be surprised.
live abroad?
Our final advice? It's much better to avoid bears than to What would you do if you saw a fire?
do any of the things above... What would you do if you lost your cell phone?

c Look at the highlighted w ords or phrases. W hat do

you th in k they mean? Check your dictionary.

52 canenglishfile/2

i
 The first step to getting what you want out of life is this: Decide what you '.vant.
Ben Stein, Americc~ It *t 'r
It

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1 GRAMMAR may / might 2 PRONUNCIATIO N word stress

a M ary is 18 an d in her final year of a U nderline the stressed syllable in these words.
high school. She’s th in kin g ab o u t her
1 organization 5 imagination
future. C om plete her th o u g h ts w ith
m ight an d a verb from the box. 2 invitation 6 translation
3 election 7 communication
fail go get have to live rent
share continue not want 4 information 8 decision

b Practice saying the words.

Next year I 1 might go to college. Or 2 a job so
I can start saving to buy a car. I 3____ iving at home 3 ¥ 0 € A B U L A R ¥ noun formation
with my family or I 4 an apartment.
a C om plete the chart w ith -tion or -sion n o u n s or
by myself o r ! 6____ the apartment with my friend Sue the correct verb. Use y o ur d iction ary if necessary.
Then again, she 7__ _ to share with me! Verb Noun
Or I 8. _______ my final exams! Oh no! If that happens, communication
communicate
9 stay in school for another year. Why is life so
conclude conclusion
difficult? Maybe I should take a course in decision-making!
X correct
confusion
b Read the sentences. Circle the correct form o f m ay /
m ight (not). demonstrate

1 If the taxi doesn’t come soon, we (migh!)/ might not miss inject --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

the train. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- organization

2 I’m really tired, so I may / may not go out tonight. predict

3 We love skiing, so we might / might not go to the Alps for b C om plete the sentences w ith verbs or n o u n s
our next vacation. from a.

4 Sue hasn’t practiced much, so she might / might not fail 1 And finally, i n condusion , I’d just like to

her driving test. thank you all very much for being here today.

5 I haven’t seen fim with Elena for a long time. They may / 2 E-mail and cell phones have made it much easier to

may not be together anymore.

6 If you do lots of housework, your mom might / might not 3 I need to go to the doctor for an

give you some money. 4 The scientists gave an impressive

7 A I have a temperature and a headache. of the new robot.

B You might / might not have the flu. 5 Let me make a ________ ______ about the future.

8 My parents may / may not come to the party - they think I don’t think there will be any more global wars.

they’ll be on vacation then. 6 Can you help me the conference?

 4 READING a Read the interview. M ark the sentences T (true) or
F (false).
1 People will be larger and live much
longer in the future. _JL
2 We w ont be able to replace our brains. __
3 We might be able to communicate
without speaking. __
4 We will definitely not die. __ _
5 We w ont need to work. __
6 People and robots will travel in space. __
7 We won’t find any aliens. __
Most of us don’t know w hat life will be like in 8 The expert thinks the world may be a
the future, or even where w e ll be a year from better, happier place in the future. __
now, but it’s fun to speculate. So, w hat might the
b U nderline five w ords you d o n ’t know. Use your
world be like in the year 3000 (or Y3K as it is dictionary to look up their m eaning and
now called)? Here is w hat one expert suggests: p ro n u n ciatio n .

(51 W hat forms will our bodies have in Y3K?

Mere Words to .earn
We will be bigger and w e ’ll need more food. The average
adult male m ight weigh about 100 kilograms. People w ill live
W rite translations and try to rem em b er the words.
for hundreds of years and will have computers in their brains. Word 1Pronunciation Translati

5 ] Computers in their brains! W hat do you mean? options noun /'ap jn z/

0 We will soon be able to repair the human brain and finally (in)decisive adjective /di'saisiv/
replace it completely. In the future you m ight be able to
ask for (advice) verb /sesk for/
record all your experiences on a disk, so you can relive them
when you w a n t to. Communication will be 100 times faster, belong verb /b i'b q / ]
too. Now we communicate by speaking, but in the future we change your mind verb /tjeind 3 ysr m aind/
may communicate by thoughts and images.
compare verb /ksm 'psr/
51 Will we still die? confuse verb /ksn'fyuz/
We m ight be able to avoid death, replacing all our body
make a decision verb /meik o di si3n/
parts when we need to. If you die, it may only be by choice.
It could be your choice - or it m ight be the choice o f the make a list verb /meik 3 list/
government tha t runs your mind computer. take your time verb /teik yor taim /

51 And w hat will humans do with their time?

Computers w ill do all the work. All manufacturing
production will be automated. We m ight just enjoy
ourselves while technology does everything.
Can you answer these questions with may
or might!
51 W hat about space travel?
y j We m ight take control of space and live there, too. There if What are you going to do tonight?
m ight be colonies on Mars or on other planets. Robots will I What are you going to wear tomorrow?
travel far into the galaxy, and we may find alien life. i What are you going to have for dinner tomorrow?
| What do you think you'll do next weekend?
But will we be happier?
si® U What's the next thing you're going to buy?
I Well, I’m an optim ist. I think in the end most o f us will be
happy, and the w orld will be a better place. But w ho knows?

> 'V

52 54 www.oup.eom/elt/americanenglishfile/2
 I owe my success to having listened respectfully to the very best advice,
and then going away and doing the exact opposite.
C. K. Chesterton, British writer

-J ., V ' ■ '

"-i’v v 'v - ■■

1 G R A M M A R should / shouldn't b Read the problem s. C om plete the advice w ith

a M atch the sentences to the pictures. C om plete the should / sh o u ld n t an d a verb from the box.
sentences w ith should o r shouldn’t.
Wift
a-
<?®
□ A I love going out at night and then watching TV
when I get home. The trouble is, I’m always
tired at work the next day. What should I do?

B I have a bad pain in my neck. When I move my

head, it gets much worse. What is your advice? 11

There is a really nice shirt on sale at a

neighborhood clothing store. It’s expensive,
but I can ju s t afford it. Should I buy it?

D My coworker earns more money than I do, but

does half the amount of work. It’s really making
me angry. What should I do?

My children are six and nine years old. They love

to watch horror movies, but when they do, they
can’t sleep at night. Any advice?

F I hate waiting in lines. A fte r about tw o minutes

get really angry and want to hit someone.
Please help.

G I’m 23 and lonely, i work from home, and I

never get a chance to meet anybody. What
should I do?

be go (x2) teH watch buy contact

1 You should tell your boss. He might offer you

more money. ID
2 You so impatient. Try to relax more,
3 You to bed so late!
4 You to the doctor immediately
1 He should get a haircut. B
5 You it before someone else does,
2 She buy a new sweater,
6 You a dating service.
3 He. drink coffee all day.
7 They _ horror movies at that age!
4 You smoke. It’s very bad for you.
c M atch the advice to the problem s in b.
5 She _ drive when she’s tired.
6 “You _ get more exercise.”

55
I
2 PRONUNCIATION /o/ More Words to Learn
a Circle the w ord in each group th at has the /u / sound. W rite translations and try to rem em b er the w
1 lock Cwouldy so not Word Pronunciation Tra;
2 problem worth out should closet noun /'klazst/
3 could women company stop suggestion noun /sag'dssstjn/
4 touch borrow understood worth (good) taste noun /terst/
5 good come soon argue desperate adjective /'dsspsrst/
offended adjective /s'fsndid/
b Practice saying the words.
sensitive adjective /'ssnsstiv/

3 VOCABULARY get lock verb /lak/

C om plete the sentences w ith the correct form o f vet an d make an excuse verb /meik 311 ik'skyus/
one o f these words. treat verb /trit/

angry e-mails home married taller it’s not worth it /its n a t W3r 0 it/
tickets along worse off lost
■• • . V 4 .5, x- x ;. * s % . •!>'*> 1 - !*. . :

1 A The pain in my back i s worse

' : : 5 • ■ • - ................... ' - : • J = -

getting_ ;
:
■ ; ■ : -
:•>
;■ -
" - * >•
■ ; ■; ? ; -
*. *
'

-if %i- «
..... r.;
: ¥
,.f ..
if
*
,..5 .<.
. , , < , } ,
i ••••■:
.

:I vIt"
,lx '■ • . . . . . .

:::■ . , v. : .v -y;>v;
y";:T

B You should go to the doctor.

Can you give these people advice?
2 I 25 from my boss yesterday
"I want to go to the movies. What movie should
I spent all day answering them.
"I don't feel well. Who should I call?"
3 You shouldn’t _______ _______ with him for
"I've lost my passport. What should I do?"
breaking the window. He’s only three! "I want to visit your country. Where should I go'
4 A Can you me two for "I have a problem with my English. Who should

Friday’s concert?
B I might be able to.
5 My mother and I are great friends, but I don’t
with my father very well
6 John usually finishes work very late. When he
Complete each sentence with one word.
, his children are always in bed.
went to the newsstand buy a
7 At what age do you think young people should I love breakfast in bed on Sunda
I don't have work tomorrow. It s
wmim
Hf* Sip: The man ran the tunnel and the
‘m m

8 My granddaughter i s ______ . She’s .vSv>--:-£v:

the street.
growing very fast. ;msssmsm
g j If we don't hurry, we catch the s
9 Would you like my seat? I’m train.
mwm
the bus at the next stop.
# '. #

'■m®Mi
m

I'
W

. .. „ • .
:

What you do if you saw a snake

ag?
My sister____ come this weekend,
10 I didn’t have a map, so I
m m
■ ■■ - :i ?

not sure.
mm
: ' *!■¥' think you___ get some exercise. Yc
very good shape
1 A SKIN G FOR M EDICINE 3 READING
C om plete the dialogue w ith these words. a M atch the signs to their m eanings

take hurts much might are

have help often times think

A Good afternoon. How can I 1 help

you?
B I have a headache and my back
? , too.
A Do you 3 a temperature?
B Yes, I think I do a little bit.
A 4 you allergic to anything?
B No, I don t 5 so.
A OK, it sounds as if you 6 have
the flu or a bad cold.
B Do you have anything I can 7
Warning.
A Yes, try these. You take one tablet three Drinking alcohol
during pregnancy
8 a day. can cause
birth defects.
B Sorry, how 9
A Three times a day
■r II € m**■
B Great. How 10___ are they? Slow! •^:r
W .1
itw

A They’re $9.99 for 24 Intersection m

ahead

2 SO CIA L EN G LISH
Zi You should be careful not to take too much of this medicine
C om plete the dialogues.
You have to wait until a waiter shows you where to sit.
1 A B less you! Are you OK?
You must keep this medicine somewhere safe.
B Yes, Tin fine. I have a cold, that’s all.
You can’t smoke here.
2 A H about going somewhere
You shouldn’t drink wine if you are expecting a baby.
for a drink?
You should be careful or you might fall down.
B That s____ fantastic. Where
You must not drink this water.
w. you like to go?
You must make sure that the door is never left open.
3 A I’m really s about last
You should drive carefully when it rains.
night.
You have to turn your cell phone off.
B What do you in
You must drive slowly here.
4 A It’s t__________ bad you missed the
You can’t use radios in this park.
party
B Yeah, I know. b U nderline five w ords or phrases you d o n ’t know. Use y o u r
d ictio nary to look up their m ean in g and p ro n u n ciatio n .
 I am not afraid of death; just don't want to be there when it happens
.VoodyAllen, American movie directc

., , : - -
. . . . . .

.• .'. . »:• "o >>:•

1 V O C A B U L A R Y phobias b C om plete the text w ith for and since.

C om plete the sentences.
1 Another word for afraid is frightened
2 If you are very afraid, you are t
3 Two insects that a lot of people are afraid of are
b and s
4 When some people are afraid, they p _________
5 If you suffer from claustrophobia, it means that
you don t like being in c___________

6 People who are afraid of h don’t like

going up tall buildings. Martha Schwarz, 29, freelance photographer
-J rat -H
2 GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since Ve had three different "thday yesterday - and so
a Circle the correct w ord, for or since, to homes 1 since e’re hoping for a son this
com plete each sentence. was born. My family and me. I've been pregnant
1 I’ve been afraid of spiders for /(smce)I was ten. lived in a small apartment _________ February.
2 Shes been afraid of flying for / since many years. the first five yea's ve been a professional
3 I’ve had this watch for / since three months. of my life. Then we moved to photographer 7

4 We haven’t been back there for / since the a larger one after my second arly six years now and
sister was born. My parents it. I worked for
accident happened.
have lived there 3_________ Newsweek 8
5 A How long have you been here?
then. They don't want to /.ears,* and I've been a
B For / Since ten o’clock. I’ve been waiting
move anywhere else because "-ee a n ce r9
for / since two hours. they iove the area. prefer working for myself,
6 They haven’t slept for / since the baby was born! moved out when I got although I miss all the fun of
7 He hasn’t ridden a horse for / since he fell off engaged, and I've lived in a /.orking in an office - and the

one when he was twelve. small house in the country' gossip of course!

8 A How long have you known your husband? 4_________ the last seven My favorite camera is my
years. My husband and I have c d Nikon 601. I've had it
B For / Since ages! We met when we were 19
been married 5 my 21 st
and have been together for / since then.
almost five years now, and birthday. I must have taken
we're expecting our second about twenty thousand
child soon. We already have a photos with it, and it still
daughter - it was her second works perfectly!
c C om plete the questions ab o u t M artha. Use 3 PRONUNCI ATI ON i and ai
H ow long or When and the verb in parentheses.
a Circle the correct so u n d tor each pair o f w ord
1 How long have her parents lived in the area?
1 dish, live (v) (/i/) /ai/
(live
2 since, this N / ai/
They’ve lived there since her sister was born.
3 fly, frightened hi / ai/
2 Martha ? (move out)
4 time, spider III / ai/
When she got engaged.
5 child, rice N / ai/
3 she and her husband
6 miss, silly hi / ai/
married? (be)
7 high, heights N /ai/
For almost five years.
8 six, sister / 1/ / ai/
4 s h e ____ pregnant? (be)
b Practice saying the words.
Since February.
______ she a professional
More Words to Learn
photographer? (become)
Write translations an d try to rem em b er the words.
Nearly six years ago.
Word Pronunciation Translation
__________ sh e _______ a freelancer? (be)
bomb nown /bam /
Since she left Newsweek.
boat notm /bout/
7 __________ s h e _______ her Nikon 601? (get)
scene notm /sin/
She got it for her 21st birthday
treatment noun /'tritm snt/
d C orrect the m istake in each sentence. giant adjective /'d3aiont/
1 Jun lives here for seven years. hairy adjective /'hsri/
Jun has lived here for seven years. affect verb /s'fskt/
2 Flow long is she a professional dancer? fight verb /fait/
?
in this respect /in 5is ri'spskt/
3 They were married since 2000. the rest (of us) /5a rest/

4 He has been in Chile for February mm mm

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5 How long do you have your car? Can you answer these questions?

How long have you known your best friend?

How long have you had your cell phone?
6 He's had this job since eight years.
How long have you
y u u jstudied
iiu v v lu n g n u v tl u u ic u "
i„ i

mm How long have you had your shoes?

I msm
7 She has three homes since she was born. m
How long have you been in your English class?

8 My parents live in the same house for many years.

Student Book p.138 Grammar

 In feature films the director is God; in documentary films God is the director.
Alfred Hitchcock, British movie director
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1 V O C A B U LA R Y life events 3 G RAMMAil present perfect or simple past?

C om plete the phrases. a Circle the correct verb forms.
1 I was c

2 I went I 1 knew / (Ve known) Teresa for

ages, almost since we 2 were /
3 I graduated
’ve been born. We 3 met / ’ve met
4 I started iPggl■:
at the same preschool when we SpltS
5 I fell Cathy Thomson
4 were / ’ve been only four years
6 We got
old, and we 5 ’re / ’ve been friends
7 We had since then. We 6 went / ’ve been to the same elementary school,
8 T retired we 7 were / have been in the same class in high school, and now

a on my 65th birthday, we’re at the same university.

At least we don’t study the same subjects. She's majoring in
b in love with Laura in college,
geography, and last year I 8 chose / have chosen history as my
c born in 1940.
major. But I’ve always wanted to be a teacher, and yesterday
d to school when I was five,
Teresa 9 told / has told me that she wants to do the same thing!
e work when I was 21.
We 10’ve been / were friends for a long time, and we
f two children,
11 shared / ’ve shared a lot of great experiences - maybe teaching
g from school when I was 18. together will be next!
h married in 1962.

b W rite the verbs in the simple past or present perfect. Use

2 PRO NUNCIATION word stress contractions w here possible.
a W rite the words in the correct group 1 A How long have you lived in Seoul? (live)

successful career appear B Since last November.

famous movie direct director
2 A I divorced last year, (get)
violence ticket actor
B How long you married? (be)
Stress on 2nd Stress on 1st _ from college when I was 22, and since then I
3 I
syllable syllable
as a civil engineer, (graduate, work)
successful
4 A Where you on your last vacation? (go)
B We the Orient Express to Venice, (take)
5 A How long you that car? (have)
B A long time! I it in 1999. (buy)
6 I Juana since she to Mexico City
b Practice saying the words. three years ago. (not see, move)
4 READING a Read the text ab o u t Miyazaki. O rd er the
paragraphs 1-7.

b Circle the correct verb fo rm in the questions.

1 When (was) / has been Hayao Miyazaki born?

2 When did his family move / has his family moved back
to Tokyo?
3 When did he see / has he seen his first animated movie?
4 How long did he work / has he worked for Toei Douga
Animation?
5 How long was he married / has he been married?

c Read the text again and answer the questions in b.

1 1 The Japanese movie director Hayao Miyazaki is one of More Words to Learn
the greatest animators in modern cinema. Movies like
W rite translations an d try to rem em b er the words.
Heidi and 3,000 Leagues in Search o f M other have
made him famous all over the world. Word Pronunciation Translation
] In 1971 Miyazaki left Toei Douga Animation and career noun / konr /
worked with several other companies. He made Heidi, drugs noun /drAgz/
and 3 ,00 0 Leagues in Search o f Mother, which were
shown as TV series all over the world.
entrance noun /'sntrsns/
episode noun /'epasoud/
□ In 1952 they moved back to Tokyo. When Hayao was I
■
in high school, he saw his first animated movie, The I parking ticket noun /'parkirj 'tikst/
Legend o f the White Snake. He fell in love with the I
prison noun /'p n zn /
heroine, Pai-nyan, and cried all night It was this movie
that started his interest in animation. role noun /rool/
j
I In 1985, he and his friend and colleague, Isao Takahata, I
violence noun /'vaistans/
started a movie studio called Studio Ghibli. Since then I nominate verb /n a m s n e it/
Miyazaki has directed, written, and produced many I
play (the part of) verb /plei/
other movies with Takahata. All of these movies have J
been major successes, particularly Princess Mononoke [
and Spirited Away. I m tfiPff hpi m il mg HIM! m mwm m***
____
I 11 P1jE ifl jP <#ti m
in n lfitf . iV i.'*,'1.,11 _ .
> 5.. £« 1 ' IKS * SKI
| But he still loved cartoons. After he finished college in
1963, he started work at Toei Douga Animation, and he I Can you answer these questions?
became very successful. While he was working there, he
f f l When did you start school?
SSf ■;■■;?■' m
met another artist, Akemi Ota. They got married in 1965 j
Where did you go to elementary school?
and they have two sons. They live in Tokyo. I
How long have you lived in this city or town?
|_J But when he tried to draw, he found he could only I
How old were you when you went to high school?
draw planes, not people. So when he graduated from I
high school, he decided to study economics and I
J How many times have you been abroad?
political science in college. i iti i H lK l H : ■ i
I I Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941. j
His family had a company that made parts for planes, I
and when he was young, Hayao spent a lot of time S
drawing planes. After the war, the family moved to I
Utsunomiya City. I

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G R A M M A R used to 3 VOCABULARY school subjects

Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and Match the school subjects and the sentences
the verb in parentheses. 1 Foreign languages E
1 Did you use to enjoy (you / enjoy) math in school?
2 Geography
2 I (not like) flying, but I love it now. 3 History
3 We (be) friends, but we don't get along now. 4 Literature
4 (Toshi / work) for IBM before he came here? ^ Math
5 Summers (not be) as hot as they are now. 6 Physical education
6 S he____ (live) with her mother, but now she 7 Science
lives with her father. 8 Computer science
7 I _ (not get) any exercise.
a 23 x 48 = 1,104
8 _ (he / play) for the Houston Rockets?
b Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's greatest plays.
Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases. c How do you say “Good morning" in Korean?
1 I use-to go to the movies more often. used
d Remember to click on the icon to select the
2 He used wear a uniform when he was in school. program.
3 We didn't used to understand our French teacher.. e Napoleon died in 1821.
4 Did you used to work in an office? f I want everyone to run around the track
four times.
5 She use to work late ? but now she finishes at 5:00..
g What's the capital of Panama?
6 Did your children used go to school on Saturdays?
h A water molecule has one oxygen atom and
two hydrogen atoms.

PRONUNCIATIO N consonants 4 READING

Circle the word with a different consonant sound
a Read the interview. Write the questions in
the correct place in the text.
Did you have a favorite teacher?
Where did you go to school?
years science school teenager
Did you ever get into trouble?
rules class change great
What's the most important lesson you’ve
Caused tcT) friends child journalist learned in life?
What did you want to be when you were young?
Practice saying the words.
What subjects were you good at?
 Mark the sentences T (true), F (false), or
DS (doesn’t say).
1 Daniela went to school in Scotland. T
2 She went to school with her brother.
3 She worked hard in high school.
4 Her high school was for boys and girls.
5 The students in her class in high school
weren’t very good actors.
6 Miss O ’Toole used to get angry with
her students.
7 Daniela didn't want to be an actor when she was
very young.
] Where did you go to school? 8 She thinks it s important to enjoy your job.
St. Mary's Primary School in Largs, a small Scottish town.
Then Largs Academy, the local secondary school.
More Words to Learn
Write translations and try to remember the words.
No, my school report cards used to say "friendly and
well-behaved." I don't think t was rebellious. In fact, Word Pronunciation Translation
used to be fairly shy. I became more of a rebel in drama noun /'d ram s/
high school. I stayed in school until I was 18, but I
protest noun /'proutest/
was really lazy and uninterested, and I didn't use to
do very much work. rebel noun /'rsbl/
appalling adjective /s'pohr)/
I used to love English and art, but 1wasn't very good
bright (= intelligent) /brait/
at math. In English class we used to read plays, and I
adjective
sat at the back of the class thinking, "Why can't you ail
act a little better?" It was the first time I thought about deteriorate verb /di'tirisreit/
being an actor. especially adverb A'spsjoli/
4 ,.................________________________ — — recently adverb /'risantli/
I used to love Miss O'Toole, one of my elementary
according to preposition /s'kordiq tu/
school teachers. I loved her because in school, even if
we were doing math with her, which I didn't like, she at war h i wor/
used to let me draw, and she never got angry.
In high school I liked my biology teacher,
Mr. Scott, and my geography teacher, Mr. Brunei,
because they were nice people, although I wasn't
very good at their subjects. Can you answer these questions? J
5 ________________________________________________ Who used to be your best friend in elementary school?
As a little girl, I wanted to be a movie star, and I used
What food did you use to like when you were a child?
to make my dad act out scenes with me. I also
Which books did you use to like when you were a child?
wanted to be a makeup artist.
; Do you watch more television now than you used to?
6 _ __
J Do you get more exercise now than you used to?
Try to do the thing you love most - even if you think
it's silly. I've learned most through working and acting, ultiRO
because it teaches me about life. To earn money by
doing something you love can only make you a
happier person.

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