SOM Lab

Subject Code Exercises

MEP 1202 Page : 01/022

LAB MANUAL

SOM LAB
(MEP 1202)

B.E. – 5th SEMESTER

CHITKARA SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Prepared by: Vijay Kr. Sharma Reviewed by: Bineet Pal Singh Approved by: Dr. Anoop Kumar Singh

Date: 17/09/2015 Date: 17/09/2015 Date: 17/09/2015

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Subject Code Exercises
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1 To draw the complete stress-strain curve for the given specimen and to determine:
1. Limit of proportionality 2. Yield strength
3. Ultimate strength 4. Fracture strength
5. Young’s Modulus 6. Percentage elongation
7. Percentage reduction in area
2 To determine the Rockwell Hardness Number of the given specimens.

3 To determine the Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) and Vicker Pyramid Number
(VPN) of the given specimen.
4 To conduct the torsion test on given specimen to obtain a complete shear stress vs
shear strain diagram and to find out proportional limit, modulus of rigidity and the
ultimate or breaking shear stress.
5 To determine the impact strength of the given specimen by
(a) Izod Test (b) Charpy Test
6 To perform compression test is also conducted on a Universal testing machine and
to find their fracture strength & Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in compression.
7 Deflection of beam

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EXPERIMENT: 1

OBJECTIVE: To draw the complete stress-strain curve for the given specimen and to determine:

1. Limit of proportionality 2. Yield strength

3. Ultimate strength 3. Fracture strength
5. Young’s Modulus 6. Percentage elongation
7. Percentage reduction in area

MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS: Universal Tensile Testing Machine, Micrometer, steel Rule
and standard Specimens of materials
THEORY:

In this test, ends of the test piece are fixed into grips connected to the straining device and to a load
measuring device. The load on the specimen is applied gradually mechanically or hydraulically
depending on the type of the testing machine. The load applied to the specimen is indicated directly
by the position of the pointer on the load scale while the extension is measured with the help of steel
rule.
The initial part of the tension curve, which is recoverable immediately after unloading is termed as
elastic stage and the rest of the curve, which presents the manner in which solid undergoes plastic
deformation is termed as plastic stage. An elastically deformed solid will return to its original form as
soon as load is removed, if load is small. However, if the load is too large, the material can be
deformed permanently. The stress below which deformation is entirely plastic is known as yield
strength of the material. In some materials (Mild steel) the onset of plastic deformation is denoted by
the sudden drop in load indicated with an upper and a lower yield point. However, some materials do
not exhibit a sharp yield point. During plastic deformation, at larger extensions strain hardening can’t
compensate for the decrease in section and load passes through a maximum and then begins to
decrease. As this stage, “Ultimate strength”, which is defined as the ratio of the load on the specimen
to original cross-sectional area, reaches a maximum value. Further loading causes “neck” formation
and finally rapture.

PROCEDURE:

1. Measure the test length, width and thickness (or diameter in case of a circular cross-section) of
the specimen
2. Select the suitable load scale as per the material of the specimen.
3. Insert the specimen into grips of the test machine.
4. Begins the load application and note down readings.
5. Take readings more frequently as the yield point is approached.
6. Continue the test till facture occurs.
7. By joining the two broken halves of the specimen together, measure the final length of the
specimen.

OBSERVATIONS:

Width of the specimen = ............mm, Area of X-section = ............ mm 2, Thickness = ..............mm

In. Gauge length = ..............mm, Initial length = .............mm, Final length =............mm

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1. Diameter of the specimen (d): .............mm

2. Gauge Length of the specimen: ...............mm
3. Initial scale readings (for extension measurements): ................ mm
4. Stress-Strain Table:

S. Load Applied Scale Reading Extension in mm Stress in MPa Strain

No. in mm

Draw the Stress Vs Strain curve from the observations made and obtain the various values.
5. Neck diameter of the specimen after fracture: ................. ...mm
6. Gauge length of the specimen after fracture: ...................mm

RESULTS:

1. Yield point stress:

2. Ultimate stress:
3. Nominal breaking stress:
4. Actual breaking stress:
5. Young’s modulus of Elasticity:
6. Percentage increase in the length:
7. Percentage decrease in the area:

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Before loading the specimen, check for load scale must be at zero value otherwise make
adjustments.
2. Keep the handles of the two jaws pressed so that during the start of the experiment, gripping
is perfect and keep them pressed till the load is indicated on the load dial gauge.
3. The specimen should be strained at slow uniform rate

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE:

1. Define percentage elongation.

2. What is Young’s Modulus Elasticity
3. Define Ultimate Stress
4. What is percentage decrease in area

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5. Define Poison’s Ratio

EXPERIMENT: 2

OBJECT: To determine the Rockwell Hardness Number of the given specimens.

APPARATUS: Rockwell Hardness Tester, Steel Ball and Diamond Cone Indenters.

THEORY:

Hardness is the property of materials because of which they offer resistance to scratching, abrasion,
wear and indentation. In the Rockwell hardness tester the material under examination is indented by
another body, to which a static load is applied. The hardness of the material depends on the resistance,
which it exerts during a small amount of yielding or plastic straining.

In Rockwell hardness test an indenter of standard cone or ball shape is forced in to the surface of the
test piece in two steps (i.e. first we apply a minor load of 10 kg and then a major load) and the
permanent increase in depth of indentation of this indenter is used to find the Rockwell hardness
number of the test material. The minor load is applied to take up any spring and backlash error in the
m/c, to eliminate the effects on the final reading of surface imperfections in the objects under test and
to provide a datum for harness measurement.

Several scales are used in the Rockwell m/c and those known as A, B and C scales. Scales B & C are
there on the dial indicator of m/c. The indenting tool used in the Rockwell m/c is either a polished
cone shaped diamond with vertex angle of 120 o and a round point, or a hardened steel ball, but the
later is employed only for materials having a Rockwell hardness < 130 on scale B.

The depth of impression made by the diamond cone (or the steel ball) in the material being tested is
indicated by the pointer on a dial and the scale reading directly gives the Rockwell harness number.
Since the depth is greater for the soft materials than for hard, it might seem that the reading indicates
softness rather than the hardness, but by arranging the numbers on the dial decrease in the direction in
which pointer moves, the reading can be made to indicate hardness.

PROCEDURE:

To start with the experiment the test specimen is placed upon the anvil. Then the indenter is forced in
to the surface of the test piece in two steps (i.e. first we apply a minor load 10 kg and then a major
load).to apply the minor load the specimen placed upon anvil is elevated by hand wheel so that it
comes in contact with the penetrator and the dial is set to zero position. The hand wheel is further
given three complete revolutions to apply a minor load of 10 kg. Next, the major load is applied by a
loading lever and removed when the pointer comes to rest, leaving the minor load on the specimen.
The reading on the dial will be the hardness number of the material under test.

The three positions of the indenter as shown in figure (a) after applying the minor load; (b) after
applying the minor plus major load and (c) after removing the major load. There is partial recovery in
the depth of the impression when major load is removed and it is the remaining part of the depth
caused by this load which settles the position of the pointer. Rockwell hardness number can be read
directly on the indicator as explained above and is derived from measurement of depths of
impressions in the following manner.

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HR = E – e
Where e = h/0.002,

h, being the difference between depths of penetration before and after the application of major load,
while the minor load is in operation in both cases. E is arbitrary constant. Its value depends upon the
form of penetration used and is given in the table below:

HRB = 130 – H/0.002

And HRC = 100 – h/0.002

Figure 1: Rockwell Harness Tester

Figure 2

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METHOD OF INDICATING HARDNESS:

A Rockwell hardness number is denoted by the designation HR and then by appropriate letter
indicating the scale to which it refers, e.g., HRC 40, which defines a Rockwell hardness of 40 units
determined on C scale.

SCALES FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS:

Scale Indenter Value of E Total load (kg) Materials for which scale
(Range) = Minor (10 kg) is used
+ major load
A (0 to 100) Diamond 100 60 Thin hardened steel strips
cone other extremely hard
materials when small
impressions are required
B (0 to 130) Steel ball 130 100 All mild & medium carbon
1/16” dia. steels, sheet steel & soft
steel bars.
C ( 0 to 100) Diamond 100 150 Hardened steels, hardened
& tempered steels, alloy
steels, materials harder than
B = 100

OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS:

Material

Hardness No.

Average Hardness No.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Successive impressions neither be super imposed on one another nor be made too close
together when making hardness determinations.
2. Measurements neither be made too close to the edge nor on a specimen so thin that
impression comes through the other side.

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE:

1. Define the hardness of material

2. What is the minor and major load in Rockwell hardness tester?
3. What is the diameter of steel ball indenter?
4. What are different scales on the dial of Rockwell hardness tester?
5. How much is the apex angle in case of diamond cone indenter?
6. Name the material for which C-scale is used.
7. What is significance of applying minor load?

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EXPERIMENT: 3
OBJECTIVE: To determine the Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) and Vicker Pyramid Number
(VPN) of the given specimen.

APPARATUS: Brinell Hardness Tester, microscope, Steel ball and Diamond Pyramid (136 o face
angle) indenters.

THEORY:

A) Brinell Hardness Test

The Brinell hardness test consists in forcing a steel ball of diameter ‘D’ under a load ‘P’ into the test
piece and measuring the mean diameter ‘d’ of the indentation left in the surface under test, after
removal of the load. The Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) is obtained by dividing the test load ‘P’ (in
kg) by the curved surface area of indentation (mm 2). This curved surface is assumed to be portion of
the sphere of diameter ‘D’.
It is recommended that the Brinell test using a standard steel ball indenter should not be used for
steels having hardness values greater than 450 BHN. The Brinell harness number is given by yhe
following formula:

BHN = Test load (kg)/ (Surface area of indentation (mm2)

= P/(πD x depth of indentation)

Or, BHN = 2P
πD (D – √ D2−d 2 ) (kg/mm2)
Where, ‘P’ the load applied (kg), ‘D’ the diameter of indenter ball (mm) and d is the diameter of
impression (mm).

The indenter ball should be hardened and tempered steel with a hardness of at least 850 Vickers
Hardness Number (VHN). It must be polished and free from surface defects. The test piece is placed
on a rigid support. The surface of the test piece should be sufficiently smooth and even, so as to
permit accurate determination of the diameter of the indentation. Therefore, lesser ball diameter and
load should be used for thin specimen. The diameter of each indentation is measured in two directions
at right angles with the help of microscope (figure) and the means value of the two readings should be
used. The Brinell hardness number is determined either by the use given formulae or by the use of
standard tables correlating the diameter of impression with Brinell hardness number for different ball
diameters and loads.

B) Vicker’s Pyramid Number:

Vickers’s pyramid Number (VPN) is generally found for harder materials like tool steels, carbide steel
etc. The indenter used for the test made up of diamond and have a shape of square pyramid with angle
(θ) between opposite faces as 136o. If P is the load applied in kg and L is the average of two diagonals
of the rhombus of the surface impression in mm, then Vickers Pyramid number (VPN) is given by

2P θ P
VPN = sin =1.8544 2 (kg/mm2)
L 2
2 L

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MEP 1202 Page : 010/022

The various magnitude of the force (P), which can be applied on the machine, is 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
60, 80, 100 and 120 kg.

Figure 1: Brinell Hardness Tester

Figure 2: Measuring Dia. of Impression

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PROCEDURE:

To start with the experiment, place the specimen on the suitable work supporting platform. Place the
steel ball indenter (for BHN) or Diamond Pyramid Indenter (for VPN) in the indenter holder. Select
the suitable load and place it on the loading hanger. Raise the platform by rotating the hand wheel
clockwise till the indenter touches the top surface of the specimen. At this moment a small click
sound can be heard after which the lamp gets lightened automatically. Apply the load to make
penetration on the specimen. Keep the load at this positing for 30 seconds to complete the penetration
of the indenter. Then bring back the lever to its original position. Measure the indent diameter (d) for
BHN or the indent diagonal (L) for the VPN with the help of the graduations on the screen and the
micrometer provided on the right hand side of the screen. Take the mean values of the diameter or
diagonals. Calculate the hardness number with the help of formulae given below.

OBSERVATIONS:

SPECIMEN MATERIAL:

LOAD APPLIED:

S. No. Micrometer main Micrometer Vernier Diameter/Length of

scale reading scale readings the diagonal (mm)

RESULTS:

Brinell Hardness Number of .......................... is ............................ BHN

Vicker Hardness Number of ............................is ............................. VPN

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Successive impressions neither superimposed on anther or to be made too close together when
making hardness determinations.
2. Measurement should not be made too close to the edge or on a specimen so thin that
impression comes through the other side.
3. Small irregularities, dirt and scale on the surface of the specimen should be avoided

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA- VOICE:

1. What is the diameter of steel ball indenter used in the Brinell Hardness Test?

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2. For the materials having BHN more than 700, which type of indenter is used?
3. By which method we can measure the hardness of tool steel, high carbon steel etc?
4. What is Hardness Number?
5. Explain the importance of applied load and indenter geometry in hardness measurement.

EXPERIMENT: 4

OBJECTIVE: To conduct the torsion test on given specimen to obtain a complete shear stress vs
shear strain diagram and to find out proportional limit, modulus of rigidity and the
ultimate or breaking shear stress.

MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS:

1. Torsion testing machine

2. Standard specimen, Steel rule and Vernier callipers.

THEORY:

A torsion test is quite important in determining the value of modulus of rigidity (i.e. ratio of shear
stress to shear strain of a metallic specimen. Torsion of a circular rod is caused by the torque (twisting
moment) applied about the longitudinal axis (i.e. polar axis) of the rod. The value of modulus of
rigidity can be found out through observations made during experiment by using the torsion formula:

T τ max Gθ
= =
I P d /2 l
Where, T is the torque applied (N-mm), ‘IP’ is the polar moment of inertia (mm4), ‘τmax’ the
maximum shear stress at outer dia ‘d’, ‘G’ is the modulus of rigidity of the material of shaft
(N/mm2), ‘θ’ is the angle of twist (radians) and ‘I’ is the gauge length (mm)

The above mentioned torsion formula is based on following assumptions:

1. A plane section of the material perpendicular to the axis of a circular member remains plane after
torque is applied i.e. no distortion of transverse plane takes place.
2. The shear strains at any section in circular member vary linearly with the distance from the
central axis.

Description:

In the testing machine the ends of the specimen are held in suitable grips, through one of which the
torque applied on the specimen is measured. The torque arm is attached to the indicating unit through
intermediate levers house in the cabinet. The levers are so arranged that the load indicator moves in
the clockwise direction, irrespective of the direction of torsion in the specimen. The range (60,000 kg-
cm or 24,000 kg-cm) is selected by means of a hand lever provide at the front of the cabinet, indented
face plate, provided with attachment holes and a tenon slot are fitted to the straining spindle and
torque arm spindle. The angular movement of the straining spindle and holder is indicated on a large
diameter protractor, and Vernier, which record angular deflection up to 0.1 o.

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Procedure:

1. Select the driver dogs to suit the size of the specimen and clamp it in the machine by adjusting
the length of the specimen by means of a sliding spindle.
2. Measure the diameter of the specimen at about 3- places and take the average value.
3. Choose the appropriate load range lever.
4. Set the load pointer to zero position.
5. Set the protractor o zero position for convenience and clamp it by means of knurled screw.
6. Apply torque on the specimen by rotating the hand wheel in either direction.
7. Load the rod in suitable increments, observing and recording angle of twists till the rod has
failed.

OBSERVATIONS:

Gauge length of specimen, l = .............mm, Dia. of the specimen, d = .............mm, Polar moment of
inertia, IP = ...........mm4

S. No. Torque (T) Angle of twist (θ) Shear Stress Shear strain
in Kg-cm in radians τmax = (T/IP) x d/2 (ɤmax = θ/I x d/2

Plot the shear stress v/s shear strain graph. Read off the co-ordinates of a convenient point from the
straight-line plot of the shear stress v/s shear strain graph and calculate the value of Modulus of
Rigidity, G of the specimen.

Figure: Torsion Testing Machine

Results:

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1. Modulus of rigidity = ......................GPa

2. Shear strength of material = ....................MPa

Questions for viva-voice:

1. What is polar moment of inertia?
2. Why the M. S. specimen fails across the transverse section whereas the C. I. Specimen fails
along the plane inclined at 45o with respect to transverse plane?
3. Discuss the significance of modulus of rigidity ‘G’

EXPERIMENT: 5
OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact strength of the given specimen by
(a) Izod Test (b) Charpy Test

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS: Impact-Testing Machine, Micrometer, Steel rule and

Specimens.

THEORY:

Experience has shown that some materials which offer considerable resistance to static stresses, they
shatter easily from s suddenly applied load, such as a hammer blow. This applies to such materials as
cast iron, high carbon steel, glass and some plastics.

Impact test signifies toughness of materials i.e. ability of material to absorb energy during plastic
deformation. Static tension tests of un-noticed specimen do not always reveal the susceptibility of a
material to brittle fracture. This important factor is determined by impact test. Toughness takes into
account both strength and ductility of the material. Several engineering material have to withstand
impact or suddenly applied loads while in service. Impact strengths are generally lower as compared
to strengths under gradually applied load.

Out of several types of impact tests, the notched bar tests are extensively used. The notch provide on
the tension side in the test specimen locates the point of fracture (i.e. acts as stress concentration
point). Forms of impact tests depend upon the swinging pendulum. The height from which it drops is
measure of its inertia at the lowest point. Then it collides with the specimen, breaking it and
continuing onwards in its swing. The height to which the pendulum rises is dependent on inertia left
in the pendulum after breaking the specimen. The difference between this height and the height to
which it would have risen, had no specimen been present is a measure of energy required to break the
specimen. This expressed in Joules (i.e. N-m), is the impact strength of the specimen. High value
indicates he better ability to withstand shock.

In impact tests, the fracture may be brittle or ductile. The brittle fracture is not accompanied by
noticeable plastic deformation. This type of fracture will have a bright granular crystalline
appearance. On the other hand, considerable plastic deformation takes place in ductile fracture. The
fracture surface will have a dull-grey fibrous appearance. Many times a led fracture, with both
crystalline and fibrous areas, is observed.

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Subject Code Exercises
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Stress-strain curve for a material gives some idea of what to expect in impact tests. As shown in
figure. 3, Material stress strain curve A should give greater impact strength than material B because
area under curve A is greater than that under B, even though material B has greater tensile strength.

PROCEDURE: A) IZOD Test

1. Bring the striking hammer to its top most striking position unless it is already there.
2. Firmly hold the specimen in impact testing machine Vise in such a way that it faces the hammer
and bigger end inside and rest above the top surface of the Vise. Bring indicator of the machine
to the maximum value.
3. Release the hammer. It will fall due to gravity and break the specimen. At this topmost height

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Figure 1

Figure 2 (A): Specimen Position in Izod Test

Figure 2 (B): Specimen Position in Charpy Test

to stop the swinging hammer and indicator lag at that topmost final position. Bring back the
hammer to its idle position and lock
4. Repeat step 3 without specimen being present in Vise. Find out the energy lost to overcome air
friction and mechanical friction.

The value of impact strength of the specimen i.e. the energy required for breaking the specimen will
be the difference of reading noted in step 3 and step 4.

B) Charpy Test:

This test uses simply supported specimen of 10 mm x 10 mm section.

Procedure of conducting the test is same as that given under Izod test.

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

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Izod Test: Energy absorbed in friction, air- drag and specimen is..................Joules
Energy absorbed in friction, air- drag..................Joules
Energy absorbed i.e. impact strength by specimen alone is..................Joules

Charpy Test: Energy absorbed in friction, air- drag and specimen is..................Joules
Energy absorbed in friction, air- drag..................Joules
Energy absorbed i.e. impact strength by specimen alone is..................Joules

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Hold the specimen in Izod Test firmly

2. Locate the specimen in Charpy test in such a way that the hammer strikes it at the middle. Note
down readings carefully.

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE:

1. Calculate the instantaneous stress value developed and compare it with static stress.
2. Why the graduations on the circular scale are not uniform
3. Discuss the function of providing notch in the specimen.

Figure: 3

EXPERIMENT: 6

OBJECTIVE: To perform compression test is also conducted on a Universal testing machine and to
find their fracture strength & Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in compression.

MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT:

1. Universal Testing Machine

2. Specimens
3. Micrometer
4. Linear Steel Scale

THEORY:

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Subject Code Exercises
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Like tensile test, compression test is also conducted on a Universal Testing machine. In compression
test, the piece of material is subjected to end loading which produces crushing action. Compression
specimens or test pieces are limited to such a length that bending due to column action does not take
place. For uniform stressing of the compression specimen, a circular section is to be preferred over
other shapes. The square or rectangular is also often used. In order to avoid bending of the specimen,
a height-diameter ratio of 10 is suggested as a practical upper limit. The ends of specimen to which
load is applied should be flat and perpendicular to the axis of the specimen. The compression test
specimen say of 25 mm diameter and 25 mm long cylindrical is loaded between the fixed and
movable cross-heads, compressive load is read from the scale at breakage/crushing of the specimen to
determine the crushing strength.

PROCEDURE:

1. Measure the length of the specimen with the help of steel scale and diameter at four different
places with the help of micrometer and calculate the mean diameter.
2. Switch on the pump motor and bring the transverse beams in the floating position.
3. Place the requisite number of loading discs on the pendulum and choose the corresponding
scale of the load dial gauge. Adjust the load pointer and dummy pointer at the zero of the
gauge.
4. Place a platen on the transverse beam and then place the specimen on it so that centre of the
specimen coincides with the centre of the other platen
5. Insert the other hardened steel platen in the spherical seat to ensure axial loading
6. Set the auto graph recorder for plotting the load-shortening curve.
7. Open the straining valve (keeping the release valve closed) slowly to send pressurized oil in
the working cylinder. The oil pushes the ram up which in turn takes the transverse beam
upwards. After a while, the specimen lies just in between the platens.
8. The load pointer now indicates the applied load. Set the load pointer to zero. Note number of
load and shortening readings simultaneously as per table 2. Continue it till the specimen
breaks (in case brittle materials) or the pointer becomes stationary (in case of ductile
materials). Also note this final load reading.
9. Remove the graph paper from the autograph recorder.

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Subject Code Exercises
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Figure 1: Barrel effect of a ductile material under compression test

Figure 2: Fracture behaviour for brittle material under compression test

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Phone 01762-507084-85, 9855252599

 SOM Lab
Subject Code Exercises
MEP 1202 Page : 020/022

OBSERVATION:

1. Mean Diameter of the specimen (d) = ...............mm

2. Length of the specimen = ...............mm
3. Initial scale reading = ..............mm
4. Final load applied on the specimen = ............... Tones = ...............N
5. Stress-strain table

S. Load Applied Scale reading Shortening Stress Strain

no. in Tons in N in mm in mm in MPa

Calculation and Stress-Strain graph:

Using the above table, plot the graph between stresses and strain and find the Young’s Modulus of
Elasticity in compression.

Results:

1. Fracture strength of the material = .....................MPa

2. Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in compression = .......................MPa

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Load should be applied gradually.

2. Specimen should be placed at the centre of the platen to ensure axial loading

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE:

1. What is the Fracture strength?

2. Explain Young’s Modulus of elasticity in compression,
3. What is height-diameter ratio, to avoid bending of the specimen?

Chandigarh- Patiala National Highway, Vill.- Jhansla, Teh.- Rajpura. Distt. Patiala- 140401

Phone 01762-507084-85, 9855252599

 SOM Lab
Subject Code Exercises
MEP 1202 Page : 021/022

EXPERIMENT: 7
OBJECTIVE: Deflection of beam

APPARATUS: Standard Apparatus of Deflection of Beam.

THEORY:

The equipment is designed to study the deflection of beam. It consists of spring steel rectangular beam
supported in pin with the help of vertical frame. The frame is made of MS. The weight pan is mounted
on beam and weight is hanged on the weight pan.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:

Space required: 1.2 m x 0.6 m

PROCEDURE:

1. The bam is put on both the pins.

2. Hang the weight platform on the beam.
3. Measure the distance L1 and L2 from the pivot.
4. Put weight on platform and measure the deflection of beam.
5. Repeat the experiment by varying L1 and L2 & also putting different weights on platform.

STANDARD DATA:

W = (1 kg, 1.725 kg, 3.5 kg, 8.5 kg) + weight of pan (0.85 kg)
a,b = distance of W from both pivot
L = distance from one pivot to another = 71 cm
E = Modulus of Rigidity = 2 x 106 kg/cm
I = moment of beam
b = width of beam (1.6 cm)
h = height of beam (1 cm)

FORMULAE:

1. Deflection in simply supported beam with central point load W

WL3
δ theo =
48 EI

2. Deflection for simply supported beam with eccentric point load W

W a2 b2
δ theo =
3 EIL

Chandigarh- Patiala National Highway, Vill.- Jhansla, Teh.- Rajpura. Distt. Patiala- 140401

Phone 01762-507084-85, 9855252599

 SOM Lab
Subject Code Exercises
MEP 1202 Page : 022/022

OBSERVATIONS:

S. W in kg ‘a’ in cm ‘b’ in cm L in cm δact in mm δtheo in mm

No.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. A beam groove is properly fitted in pin

2. Always keep the apparatus free from dust
3. Weight pan is also be fitted in groove

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE:

1. What is deflection of beam

2. What is Modulus of Rigidity
3. What is moment of inertia

Chandigarh- Patiala National Highway, Vill.- Jhansla, Teh.- Rajpura. Distt. Patiala- 140401

Phone 01762-507084-85, 9855252599