PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA BASIS 1 KG BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN

DISODIUM PHOSPHATE DARI ASAM PHOSPHATE DAN NATRIUM

KARBONAT

Neraca masuk dan keluar reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk (R-01)

Basis 1 kg/jam (bahan baku asam phosphate sebagai reaktan pembatas)

 Neraca massa total (NMT)

Massa input = Massa Output

 Reaksi utama :

H3PO4 + Na2CO3 Na2HPO4 + CO2 + H2O

(Asam phosphate) (Natrium karbonat) (Disodium phosphate) (Karbon dioksida) (Air)

 Reaksi samping :

2Na2HPO4 Na4P2O7 + H2O

(Disodium phosphate) (Tetrasodium phosphate) (Air)

Diketahui : Rasio mol asam phosphate : natrium karbonat =1:2

% konversi asam phosphate (reaksi utama) = 95 %

% konversi disodium phosphate (reaksi samping) =5%

BM asam phosphate = 98

BM natrium karbonat = 105,99

BM air = 18

BM disodium phosphate = 141,959

BM karbon dioksida = 44

BM tetrasodium diphosphate = 269,5

Kemurnian asam phosphate = 85 % berat dengan air sebagai impurities sebesar 15 %

berat

Kemurnian natrium karbonat = 99 % berat dengan air sebagai impurities sebesar 1 %

berat

85 %
 Massa asam phosphate = ×1 kg/jam
100 %

= 0,85 kg/jam

kg
0,85
jam
 Mol asam phosphate =
kg
98
kgmol

= 0,00867347 kgmol/jam = 0,0087 kgmol/jam

15 %
 Massa air = ×1 kg/ja m
100 %

= 0,15 kg/jam

0 ,15 kg/ jam

 Mol air =
18 kg /kgmol

= 0,0083 kgmol/jam

 Mol natrium karbonat = 2 kali mol asam phosphate

= 2 x 0,00867347 kgmol/jam

= 0,01734694 kgmol/jam
 Massa natrium karbonat = mol natrium karbonat x BM natrium karbonat

= 0,0173 kgmol/jam x 105,99 kg/kgmol

= 1,838602171 kg/jam = 1,8386 kg/jam

Bahan baku natrium karbonat : Na2CO3 = 99 % berat

H2O = 1 % berat

massa air 1 %
=
massa natrium karbonat 99 %

1 % x massa natrium karbonat

Massa air =
99 %

1 % x 1 ,8386 kg/jam
Massa air =
99 %

Massa air = 0,0185717 kg/jam = 0,0186 kg/jam

0,0186 kg/jam
 Mol air =
18 kg/ kgmol

= 0,0012 kgmol/jam

 Massa natrium karbonat + impurities = 1,8386 kg/jam + 0,0186 kg/jam

= 1,8572 kg/jam

44,5 %
 Massa air keluar mixer = ×( massa natrium karbonat+impurities )
55,5 %

44,5 %
= x 1,8572 kg/jam
55,5 %

= 1,4891 kg/jam

 Massa pengenceran = air keluar mixer – air impurities dari natrium karbonat
 = 1,4891 kg/jam – 0,0186 kg/jam

= 1,4750 kg/jam

1,4750 kg/jam
 Mol pengenceran =
18 kg/ kgmol

= 0,0817 kgmol/jam

 Reaksi utama
H3PO4 + Na2CO3 Na2HPO4 + CO2 + H 2O

Asam Natrium Disodium Karbon Air

Phosphate karbonat phosphate dioksida

M 0,0087 0,0173 - - 0,0912

B 8,265 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3

S 4,35 x 10-4 9,035 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3 8,265 x 10-3 0,0995

Asam phosphate

M = 0,0087 kgmol/jam

B = 95 % x 0,0087 kgmol/jam = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

S = (0,0087 kgmol/jam - 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam) = 4,35 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

Natrium karbonat

M = 0,0173 kgmol/jam

B = 95 % x 0,0087 kgmol/jam = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

S = (0,0173 kgmol/jam - 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam) = 9,035 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Disodium phosphate

M = 0 kgmol/jam

B = 95 % x 0,0087 kgmol/jam = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

S = (0 kgmol/jam + 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam) = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Karbon dioksida
 M = 0 kgmol/jam

B = 95 % x 0,0087 kgmol/jam = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

S = (0 kgmol/jam + 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam) = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Air

M = (0,0083 kgmol/jam + 0,0012 kgmol/jam + 0,0817 kgmol/jam)

= 0,0912 kgmol/jam

B = 95 % x 0,0087 kgmol/jam = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

S = (0,0912 kgmol/jam + 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam) = 0,0995 kgmol/jam

 Reaksi samping

2Na2HPO4 Na4P2O7 + H2O

(Disodium phosphate) (Tetrasodium diphosphate) (Air)

M 8,265 x 10-3 - 0,0995

B 4,1325 x 10-4 2,06625 x 10-4 2,06625 x 10-4

S 7,8518 x 10-3 2,06625 x 10-4 0,0997

Disodium phosphate

M = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

B = 0,05 x 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam = 4,1325 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

S = (8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam - 4,1325 x 10-4 kgmol/jam) = 7,8518 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Tetrasodium diphosphate

M = 0 kgmol/jam

B = ½ x 0,05 x 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam = 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

S = (0 kgmol/jam + 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam) = 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

Air

M = 0,0995 kgmol/jam

B = ½ x 0,05 x 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam = 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

 S = (0,0995 kgmol/jam + 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam = 0,0997 kgmol/jam

Keluar reaktor

Asam phosphate = 4,35 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

Natrium karbonat = 9,035 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Air = 0,0997 kgmol/jam

Disodium phosphate = 7,8518 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

Tetrasodium diphosphate = 2,06625 x 10-4 kgmol/jam

Karbon dioksida = 8,265 x 10-3 kgmol/jam

komposisi
Aliran input Aliran output
(%)
Komponen
kg/jam kgmol/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam

Asam phosphate 0.8500 0.0087 4.35 x 10-4 0.0426 0.9838

Natrium karbonat 1.8386 0.0173 9.035 x 10-3 0.9576 22.1139
Disodium phosphate - - 7.8518 x 10-3 1.1146 25.7396
2,06625 x
Tetrasodium diphosphate - - 0.0557 1.2863
10-4
Karbon dioksida - - 0.0083 0.3652 8.4336
Air 1.6416 0.0912 0.0997 1.7946 41.4429
Total 4.3302 0.1172 0.1255 4.3303 100

Menghitung % error

Input-Output
% error =
Input x 100 %

( 4 ,3302 – 4, 3303 ) kg/jam

= x 100 %
4,3302 kg/jam

= -0,0023 % < 0,05 % (BALANCE)