Cecil Gupta 1

¿w§j nj½æ 23 July 1980 Wednesday

¿w§j neu©æ 00:50 AM
¿w§j , l©æ Agra (U P), India
Latitude: 27.11N Longitude: 78.0E
m ad h©r©æ v± /º yh¸Â 23:35:6
Rnjr fhy k¼ æ 00:32:00
e¤r½u Xi uæ 20:34:45
Rnjr k¼ ½U j©æ -18:0
m ad ´ ‡l©æ 23.4

M í fQ jh rÎfu© bfLj¬ brªˆ© ¸uf¡ f¯

yÎd © nk\ © uhº Â\ g©
yÎd h½g½ brí t hª khj¡ f¯ I¨gº
uhº Ä U¢ºf© ½½ 1.6.11
uhº m ½g½ brí t hª ¸Hi k bt ¯ Æ
e¤r½u© mD \ © e¤r½u© nut ½
m ½g½ rÈ neu© 1
ghj© 1 yÎd © Ä U¢ºf©
½½ jrÀ (t s «) nahf© ¿uh©a©
c nyhf© , U©‡ fuz © fui r
nahf© R¨¿u©
m D T ykhd Ä \ a¡ f¯
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m ½«³ l v¥ f¯ 5
t «z © ¿uh©kz «
e¬y v¥ f¯ 2. 7. 9
jJ t © m ÎÈ
bf¤l v¥ f¯ 4.8
t ºa© t¥ L
e¬y t Ul¡ f¯ 14,23,32,41,50
nahÈ K a¬ (bg)
m ½«³ l ½d ¡ f¯ Ä ahH± . " hÁ W . brí t hª
fz © njt
e¬y ¸uf¡ f¯ FU. N Âa± . brí t hª
eho k½a eho
bf¤l ¸uf¡ f¯ Rθu± . ‡j±
ehoghj© k½k eho
e¤‡ uhºf¯ flf©. º©k©. jD R
g¤º FÁ ¬
e¬y yÎd © flf©. Jyh©. jD R. F©g©
K j¬ vG J Îf¯ e. ¾. E . ne
m ½«³ l c nyhf© br¨‡
N Âa uhº º©k©
1
m ½«³ lÎ f¬ ºf¨‡. gt H©
½nuÎfhz ©
m ½«³ l neu© N Âa c ja ½°F¨ ¿±
m ½«³ l ½i r bj°F
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Cecil Gupta
² 2

$d d fhy ½¬ ¸uf ¾i y
¸uf¡ f¯ uhº ghi f e¤r½u© e¤r/m ½/ ghj t Å ¾i y

yÎd © nk\ © 27:06:12 ¸U ½i f N Âa± 1 ~

N Âa± flf© 06:31:09 ˜ r© rÈ 1 ne«t Å ~
‡j± ÀJd © 21:37:10 ‡d « ˜ r© FU 1 ne«t Å brh§j Û L
Rθu± Â\ g© 26:47:05 ÀUfÑÂ\ © brí t hª 2 ne«t Å brh§j Û L
brí t hª f± È 13:17:32 m ´ j© r§½u± 1 ne«t Å ~
FU º©k© 16:16:20 ˜ u© Rθu± 1 ne«t Å ~
rÈ º©k© 29:35:38 c ½u© N Âa± 1 ne«t Å ~
r§½u± Ä U¢ºf© 05:10:47 mD \ © rÈ 1 ne«t Å ~
uhF flf© 26:47:16 M Á ¬a© ‡j± 4 t Îu© ~
nfJ kfu© 26:47:16 m Ä ¤l© brí t hª 2 t Îu© ~
ˆnud ´ Jyh© 27:56:22 Ä rhf© FU 3 t Îu© ~
be¨o™ ± Ä U¢ºf© 26:43:34 nf¤i l ‡j± 4 t Îu© ~
‡„ ¤nlh f± È 25:32:38 º½i u brí t hª 1 ne«t Å ~

yÎd rÎfu©
Cecil Gupta
² 3

yœd © yœd © nQ hi u br¬t ©

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

yÎd © RÎ ‡j±

11 4 11 4

N Â uhF yÎd © N Â
‡j± brí
FU rÈ r§
ˆnu

10 5 10 5

nfJ FU rÈ RÎ uhF nfJ

be¨ ‡„

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

r§ be¨ ˆnu brí ‡„

½nuÎfhz © c l± ¿ w§njh« brs jh©r© m ½«³ l©

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

uhF rÈ ‡„ ˆnu uhF rÈ ‡„

11 4 11 4

‡j± N Â be¨ RÎ FU N Â ˆnu

10 5 10 5

RÎ brí yÎd © be¨

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

yÎd © FU r§ nfJ ‡j± brí r§ nfJ

Cecil Gupta
² 4

r¨jkh©r© FH§i jf¯ et h©r© ki d Ä

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

ˆnu RÎ brí r§ uhF be¨ ‡j± brí ˆnu

11 4 11 4

N Â rÈ uhF

10 5 10 5

nfJ ‡„ N  FU r§ ‡
„

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

‡j± FU yÎd © yÎd © rÈ RÎ nfJ

be¨

jrh©r© bjhŬ J t hjrh©r© bg°nwh«

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

be¨ N Â rÈ nfJ RÎ uhF

11 4 11 4

ˆnu yÎd © ‡j± rÈ ‡„

brí FU

10 5 10 5

yÎd © ‡j± r§ r§
FU ‡„

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

uhF RÎ brí nfJ N Â ˆnu be¨

Cecil Gupta
² 5

n\ hlrh©r© t hfd © Ä ©\ h©r© kj¢rh«‡

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

FU yÎd © uhF r§ brí RÎ be¨

nfJ ˆnu

11 4 11 4

N Â brí rÈ

10 5 10 5

‡„ ‡„ NÂ

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

‡j± rÈ RÎ r§ be¨ yÎd © ‡j± uhF nfJ

FU ˆnu

rJ «Ä ©rh©r© f¬Ä r¨jÄ ©rh©r© gy©

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

‡„ RÎ uhF nfJ yÎd © brí ˆnu yÎd © ‡j± r§ ‡„ N  brí FU

be¨ rÈ

11 4 11 4

rÈ RÎ nfJ

10 5 10 5

‡j± uhF be¨

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

NÂ r§ FU ˆnu
Cecil Gupta
² 6

½Â©rh©r© J u½«³ l© fnt jh©r© e¬y gy±

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

brí ‡j± brí yÎd © r§ ˆnu NÂ

11 4 11 4

rÈ

10 5 10 5

FU ‡j± ‡„

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

FU RÎ uhF nfJ yÎd © rÈ N Â r§ RÎ uhF nfJ

be¨ ‡„ ˆnu be¨

m | nt jh©r© bghJ t hf e¬y ¾i yi k r³ ¤ah©r© bghJ t hf e¬y ¾i yi k

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

r§ rÈ FU be¨ ˆnu nfJ

11 4 11 4

‡„ brí rÈ

10 5 10 5

NÂ yÎd © ‡j± ‡j± NÂ

FU uhF nfJ

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

RÎ be¨ ˆnu uhF ‡„ brí yÎd © RÎ r§

Cecil Gupta
² 7

ght m ¤lt i z
ght © ght M u©g© ght k½k©
1 nk\ © 09:42:22 nk\ © 27:06:12
2 Â\ g© 09:42:22 Â\ g© 22:18:32
3 ÀJd © 04:54:42 ÀJd © 17:30:52
4 flf© 00:07:02 flf© 12:43:13
5 º©k© 00:07:02 º©k© 17:30:52
6 f± È 04:54:42 f± È 22:18:32
7 Jyh© 09:42:22 Jyh© 27:06:12
8 Ä U¢ºf© 09:42:22 Ä U¢ºf© 22:18:32
9 jD R 04:54:42 jD R 17:30:52
10 kfu© 00:07:02 kfu© 12:43:13
11 F©g© 00:07:02 F©g© 17:30:52
12 ×d © 04:54:42 ×d © 22:18:32

ght ¢ rÎfu© r§½u rÎfu©

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3

yÎd © RÎ ‡j± yÎd © RÎ ‡j±

11 4 11 4

N Â uhF N Â uhF

10 5 10 5

nfJ FU rÈ nfJ FU rÈ

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6

be¨ r§ ˆnu brí ‡„ r§ be¨ ˆnu brí ‡„

Cecil Gupta
² 8

N Âa r©k§jkhd c g¸uf©
c g¸uf© m ½g½ uhº ghi f e¤r½u© ghj©

J}© brí t hª Ä U¢ºf© 19:51:09 nf¤i l 1

Ä a½ghj© uhF º©k© 10:08:51 kf© 4
gÂnt \ © r§½u± F©g© 10:08:51 ri ja© 2
, §½u$h¨g Rθu± Â\ g© 19:51:09 nuh¸¼ 3
c gnfJ nfJ ÀJd © 06:31:09 ÀUfÑÂ\ © 4
˜ f©g© f± È 26:31:09 º½i u 1
c ¬f Ä U¢ºf© 06:31:09 mD \ © 1
¿u©kj¥ l© kfu© 13:11:09 ½Unt hz © 1
Jt h$h nk\ © 03:11:09 m RÄ È 1

½d ¡ fÆ ± m o¨gi l c g¸uf© (guhru«)

c g¸uf© uhº ghi f m ½g½ e¤r½u© ghj©

fh¬ngyh kfu© 06:34:13 rÈ c ½uhl© 3

g½ ×d © 04:02:47 FU c ½u¤lh½ 1
ÀU ˆ Â\ g© 03:37:10 Rθu± ¸U ½i f 3
m «j¨¿ufh« ÀJd © 17:33:32 ‡j± ½Ut h½i u 4
vkf¥ l© flf© 26:41:13 r§½u± M Á ¬a© 4
nfhl¥ l f± È 06:27:01 ‡j± c ½u© 3
Fæi f Jyh© 16:12:43 Rθu± Rt h½ 3
k§½ Ä U¢ºf© 22:28:42 brí t hª nf¤i l 2

½d ¡ fÆ ± m o¨gi l c g¸uf© (fhÆ jh´ )

c g¸uf© uhº ghi f m ½g½ e¤r½u© ghj©

fh¬ngyh ×d © 04:02:47 FU c ½u¤lh½ 1

g½ Â\ g© 03:37:10 Rθu± ¸U ½i f 3
ÀU ˆ ÀJd © 17:33:32 ‡j± ½Ut h½i u 4
m «j¨¿ufh« flf© 26:41:13 r§½u± M Á ¬a© 4
vkf¥ l© f± È 06:27:01 ‡j± c ½u© 3
nfhl¥ l Jyh© 16:12:43 Rθu± Rt h½ 3
Fæi f kfu© 06:34:13 rÈ c ½uhl© 3
k§½ Ä U¢ºf© 22:28:42 brí t hª nf¤i l 2
Cecil Gupta
² 9

¿± m ³ lè t «è

rÈ FU
, uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 , uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

rÈ - - o - - - o - o o - - rÈ - - - o - - o - o o - -
FU - - o o - - - - o o - - FU - o o - o o o o - - o o
brí - - o o o - - o - o o - brí o - o o - o o - o - - o
NÂ o o - o o - o - - o o - NÂ o o - o o o o - - o o o
RÎ o - - - - - o - - - - o RÎ - - o - - o o - - o o o
‡j± o o - - - - - o - o o o ‡j± o - o o - o o o - - o o
r§ o - - - - o - - - o - - r§ - o - o - o - - o - - o
yÎd © o - o o - o - - - o o - yÎd © o o - o o o o - o o o -

bkhj© 5 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 7 4 2 bkhj© 4 4 4 6 3 7 7 2 4 4 5 6

brí t hª N Âa±
, uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 , uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

rÈ o o o - o - - o - - o o rÈ o o o - o o - o - - o o
FU - o o o - - - - - o - - FU o - o - - - - - o o - -
brí o - o o - o o - o - - o brí o o o o - o o - o - - o
NÂ o o - - - o - o o - - - NÂ o o - o o - o - - o o o
RÎ o - - - - - o - o - - o RÎ o - - - - - o o - - - -
‡j± o - - - o - o o - - - - ‡j± o o - - o - o o - - o o
r§ o - - - - o - - - o - - r§ o - - - o o - - - o - -
yÎd © o - o - - o - - - o o - yÎd © - - o o - o - - - o o o

bkhj© 7 3 4 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 bkhj© 7 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 5
Cecil Gupta
² 10

¿± m ³ lè t «è

Rθu± ‡j±
, uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 , uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

rÈ o o o - - - o o o - - o rÈ o o o - o o - o - - o o
FU o o o - - - - - o - - o FU - - o o - - - - - o - o
brí - o - o o - - o - o o - brí o o o o - o o - o - - o
NÂ - o o - - - - - - - o - NÂ - o o - - - - o o - - o
RÎ - o o o o o - - o o o o RÎ - o o o o o - - o o - o
‡j± o - - - o - o o - - o - ‡j± o o o - o - o o - - o o
r§ - - o o - o o o o o o o r§ o - o - o o - - o - o -
yÎd © o o o o o - - o o - o - yÎd © o o - o - o - o - o o -

bkhj© 4 6 6 4 4 2 3 5 5 3 6 4 bkhj© 5 6 7 4 4 5 2 4 4 3 4 6

r§½u± yÎd ©
, uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 , uhºf¯ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII ÛL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

rÈ - - o - - - o - o o - - rÈ - o o - o - o o - o - -
FU - o o o o - - o - - o o FU o o o - o o - o o o o -
brí - o o o - - o o - o o - brí - - o o - o - o - - o -
NÂ o o - - - o - - o o o - NÂ o o o - - o o - o - - -
RÎ - - - o o o - o - o o o RÎ - o o o o o - - o o - -
‡j± o - o - o o o - o o - o ‡j± o - o o - o - o - o - o
r§ o o - - o o - o - o - - r§ o - - - o o o - - o - -
yÎd © - - o - - o - - - o o - yÎd © - - o - - o - - - o o -

bkhj© 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 3 7 5 3 bkhj© 4 4 7 3 4 7 3 4 3 6 3 1
Cecil Gupta
² 11

m ³ l t «Îf© (fÅÎF© K ± ‡)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 bkhj©

N Âa± 12 10 11 7 8 9 6 7 6 7 8 11 48
r§½u± 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 3 7 5 3 49
brí t hª 7 3 4 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 39
‡j± 5 6 7 4 4 5 2 4 4 3 4 6 54
FU 4 4 4 6 3 7 7 2 4 4 5 6 56
Rθu± 4 6 6 4 4 2 3 5 5 3 6 4 52
rÈ 5 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 7 4 2 39

bkhj© 40 35 41 30 27 34 27 27 27 34 34 35 337
uhF 2 3 3 5 5 2 4 5 3 5 2 5 44
yÎd © 4 4 7 3 4 7 3 4 3 6 3 1 49

½Ânfhz nrhji d ÎF¨ ¿wF

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

N Âa± 6 3 5 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 4
r§½u± 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 2 0
brí t hª 5 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
‡j± 1 3 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2
FU 1 0 0 4 0 3 3 0 1 0 1 4
Rθu± 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0
rÈ 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0
Vfh½g½a nrhji d ÎF¨ ¿wF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

N Âa± 6 3 5 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 4
r§½u± 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
brí t hª 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
‡j± 1 3 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2
FU 1 0 0 4 0 3 3 0 0 0 1 3
Rθu± 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0
rÈ 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

nrha ¿¥ l©
¿¥ l© NÂ r§ brí ‡j± FU RÎ rÈ
¸uf© 92 38 23 62 44 48 15

uhº 212 44 43 133 106 103 57

nrha 304 82 66 195 150 151 72

Cecil Gupta
² 12

¾i yahd
NÂ ‡j± RÎ brí FU rÈ r§ uhF nfJ
N ~~~ rk© gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f e¤‡ gi f gi f
‡j± e¤‡ ~~~ e¤‡ rk© rk© rk© gi f rk© rk©
RÎ gi f e¤‡ ~~~ rk© rk© e¤‡ gi f e¤‡ e¤‡
brí e¤‡ gi f rk© ~~~ e¤‡ rk© e¤‡ gi f e¤‡
FU e¤‡ gi f gi f e¤‡ ~~~ rk© e¤‡ e¤‡ rk©
rÈ gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f rk© ~~~ gi f e¤‡ gi f
r§ e¤‡ e¤‡ rk© rk© rk© rk© ~~~ gi f gi f
uhF gi f rk© e¤‡ gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f ~~~ gi f
nfJ gi f rk© e¤‡ e¤‡ rk© gi f gi f gi f ~~~

j°fhy
NÂ ‡j± RÎ brí FU rÈ r§ uhF nfJ

N ~~~ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f gi f gi f

‡j± e¤‡ ~~~ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f e¤‡ gi f
RÎ e¤‡ e¤‡ ~~~ gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f e¤‡ gi f
brí e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f ~~~ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f
FU e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ ~~~ gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f
rÈ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f ~~~ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f
r§ gi f gi f gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ ~~~ gi f e¤‡
uhF gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ gi f ~~~ gi f
nfJ gi f gi f gi f gi f gi f gi f e¤‡ gi f ~~~

fy§j
NÂ ‡j± RÎ brí FU rÈ r§ uhF nfJ

N ~~~ e¤‡ rk© Àf e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ rk© rk© Àf gi f Àf gi f

‡j± Àf e¤‡ ~~~ Àf e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ Àf gi f e¤‡ gi f
RÎ rk© Àf e¤‡ ~ ~ ~ gi f e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ Àf gi f Àf e¤‡ rk©
brí Àf e¤‡ rk© gi f ~~~ Àf e¤‡ e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ rk© rk©
FU Àf e¤‡ rk© rk© Àf e¤‡ ~ ~ ~ gi f Àf e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ gi f
rÈ rk© Àf e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ rk© gi f ~~~ rk© Àf e¤‡ Àf gi f
r§ rk© rk© gi f e¤‡ e¤‡ e¤‡ ~~~ Àf gi f rk©
uhF Àf gi f e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ rk© Àf e¤‡ Àf e¤‡ Àf gi f ~ ~ ~ Àf gi f
nfJ Àf gi f gi f rk© rk© gi f Àf gi f rk© Àf gi f ~ ~ ~
Cecil Gupta
² 13

Rj«rd rÎfu©
02/14/26/38/50/62/74/86/98/110 01/13/25/37/49/61/73/85/97/109 12/24/36/48/60/72/84/96/108/120
2 RÎ 1 12
yÎd ©
3 11

‡j±
9 r§ be¨ 8 ˆnu 7

10 6

nfJ 5 4 3
brí ‡
FU rÈ ‡j±
6
„
N Â uhF 2
brí ‡
RÎ
„

4 10
N Â uhF 11 7 1 5
nfJ
ˆnu yÎd © FU rÈ

r§ be¨
N Â uhF
nfJ
FU rÈ
12
8
9 10 11

yÎd © RÎ ‡j± 4
12

2 3
1
5 brí ‡„ ˆnu r§ be¨ 9

6 8
7

06/18/30/42/54/66/78/90/102 07/19/31/43/55/67/79/91/103 08/20/32/44/56/68/92/104

yÎd i j¨ nghynt r§½u± . N Âa ¸uf¡ fS © jÈ jÈ ahf fz θ¬ vLÎf¨g¤L¯sd / Rj«rd

rÎfu©. xnu rka ½¬ yÎd ©. r§½u± . N Âa± M ¸at °Ç± K θa nt W g¤l Ä t u¡ fi s
bt Æ ¨gL J¸wJ/
Rg. m Rg. ¾f®¢ºf¯ m i t fÆ ± fhy m s‰ f¯ Rj«rd rÎfu© ykhf bjÂat U©/
Cecil Gupta
² 14

fhuf ¸uf¡ f¯
´ ½u fhuf± r¨jk fhuf± m ³ lk fhuf±
NÂ jf¨gd h« c wÄ d « FH§i j
‡j± ‡½ T «i k c l± ¿w§njh« c l± ¿w¨‡
RÎ ki d Ä m kah m kah
brí i jÂa© FH§i j jf¨gd h«
FU br¬t © jhª jhª
rÈ M ˆ¯ M kh M kh
r§ jhah« ki d Ä c wÄ d «
uhF Ä U¨g© ~~~ ki d Ä
nfJ Ä Lji y ~~~ ~~~

¸uf ¾i yf¯
¾i y 3 ¾i y 5 ¾i y 6 ¾i y 9 ¾i y 10 ¾i y 12

N fd ‰ t nah½f± r§njh\ © m i k½ Q «Ê j nt jt hœ¸a©

‡j± Ä Å j¬ t nah½f± r§njh\ © M nuhÎakhd Rt h´ j nf¤l¬
RÎ Ä Å j¬ ghy± r§njh\ © M nuhÎakhd Rt h´ j nt jt hœ¸a©
brí fd ‰ ˆt ± ~~~ V®i k m i k½ t Uj¬
FU fd ‰ ˆt ± bt ¤f¨gl¬ m i k½ Q «Ê j ¿uRu©
rÈ ¾½i u , wj¬ r§njh\ © t U jkhd m t ½f¯ nghj¬
r§ ¾½i u , wj¬ ~~~ Fi w‰ Fi w‰ ¿uRu©
uhF ¾½i u ghy± gº t U jkhd m i k½ ¿uRu©
nfJ fd ‰ ghy± gº V®i k m t ½f¯ gL j ¾i y

et jhu rÎfu©
$± k© r©gJ Ä gJ n| k© ¿uaÎ rhjf© tij x°W i Àf x°W i k
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Cecil Gupta
² 15

¸uf nr«Îi ffS © gh«i t fS ©

¸uf¡ f¯ N  ‡j± RÎ brí FU rÈ r§ uhF nfJ ˆnu be¨ ‡„

yÎd © 69 55 30 136 109 122 188 90 270 181 210 148

QNT SSX SQQ TRN SQU SQU OPP QNC QNC

NÂ 15 40 67 40 53 119 20 200 111 140 79

TRN
25 82 55 68 134 35 215 126 155 94
‡j± SQQ BQT

RÎ 107 79 93 158 60 240 151 180 119

SQU SXT TRN QNC OPP TRN
27 14 52 47 133 45 73 12
brí SSX SSQ SQQ SSQ QNT

FU 13 79 19 161 72 100 39
QNT

rÈ 66 33 147 58 87 26
SSX QNC SXT SQU

r§ 98 82 7 22 40

180 91 120 59
uhF OPP SQU TRN SXT
89 60 121
nfJ SQU SXT TRN

ˆnu 29 32
SSX SSX

be¨ 61
SXT

Index of Words:
CNJ: Conjunction TRN: Trine SSQ: Semi Square QNT: Quintile
OPP: Opposition SXT: Sextile QNC: Quincunx BQT: Bi Quintile
SQU: Square SQQ: Sesquiquadrate SSX: Semi Sextile
¸uf¡ fÆ ± gh«i t i aÎ fz θl bghJ t hf v¬yh ¸uf¡ fS ÎF© 3o¸Â 20¾Àl© M ½Îf©
fz θ¬ nr«Îf¨g¤L¯ s J /
guhru« t Å
¸uf© gh«Îf¨gL¸wJ ¸uf© gh«Îf¨gL¸wJ

NÂ nfJ RÎ rÈ r§

r§ RÎ rÈ ~

brí ~ uhF nfJ

‡j± ~ nfJ N Â uhF

FU ~ yÎd © brí FU
Cecil Gupta
² 16

VHi uah¥ L¢ rÈ
VHi uah¥ L¢ rÈ uhº ¿ unt r© bt Æ naW j¬ «½
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 06-10-1982 20-12-1984 j¡ f©
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 01-06-1985 16-09-1985 br¨‡
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 21-12-1984 31-05-1985 j¡ f©
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 17-09-1985 16-12-1987 j¡ f©
VHi uah¥ L jD R 17-12-1987 20-03-1990 , U©‡
VHi uah¥ L jD R 21-06-1990 14-12-1990 , U©‡
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 06-03-1993 15-10-1993 bt ¯ Æ
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 10-11-1993 01-06-1995 bt ¯ Æ
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 10-08-1995 16-02-1996 j¡ f©
m ³ lk rÈ ÀJd © 23-07-2002 08-01-2003 bt ¯ Æ
m ³ lk rÈ ÀJd © 08-04-2003 05-09-2004 j¡ f©
m ³ lk rÈ ÀJd © 14-01-2005 25-05-2005 br¨‡
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 15-11-2011 15-05-2012 , U©‡
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 04-08-2012 02-11-2014 bt ¯ Æ
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 03-11-2014 26-01-2017 , U©‡
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 21-06-2017 26-10-2017 br¨‡
VHi uah¥ L jD R 27-01-2017 20-06-2017 bt ¯ Æ
VHi uah¥ L jD R 27-10-2017 23-01-2020 j¡ f©
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 29-04-2022 12-07-2022 bt ¯ Æ
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 18-01-2023 29-03-2025 bt ¯ Æ
m ³ lk rÈ ÀJd © 31-05-2032 12-07-2034 , U©‡
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 28-01-2041 05-02-2041 j¡ f©
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 26-09-2041 11-12-2043 j¡ f©
VHi uah¥ L Jyh© 23-06-2044 29-08-2044 bt ¯ Æ
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 12-12-2043 22-06-2044 bt ¯ Æ
$± k rÈ Ä U¢ºf© 30-08-2044 07-12-2046 bt ¯ Æ
VHi uah¥ L jD R 08-12-2046 06-03-2049 bt ¯ Æ
VHi uah¥ L jD R 10-07-2049 03-12-2049 , U©‡
f¥ l rÈ F©g© 25-02-2052 14-05-2054 bt ¯ Æ
m ³ lk rÈ ÀJd © 11-07-2061 13-02-2062 bt ¯ Æ
Cecil Gupta
² 17

r« g¬
N Âa± ‡j± Rθu± brí t hª FU rÈ r§½u±
c ¢rh g¬ 31.16 32.21 40.07 15.10 46.24 43.20 0.73
rîjht «¸nah g¬ 90.00 121.88 131.25 120.00 153.75 86.25 97.50
½± ~ uh¦½Â g¬ 15 30 30 15 30 30 15
nf§ÔuÔ g¬ 60.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
½nuèfh± g¬ 15.00 0.00 15.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
´ jhd g¬ 211.16 199.09 246.32 165.1 259.99 189.45 143.23

½è g¬ 2.07 41.83 44.69 20.19 23.61 40.83 22.51

ej± d h¤ g¬ 1.60 60.00 1.60 58.40 1.60 58.40 58.40

g¶ a g¬ 20.45 39.55 39.55 20.45 39.55 20.45 39.55
½Âghè g¬ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 0.00
t «\ h g¬ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00
khrh g¬ 0.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
t huh g¬ 0.00 45.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
nQ huh g¬ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 0.00
m a± g¬ 49.97 54.93 56.79 27.71 36.71 27.73 49.59
ˆ¦j g¬ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
fhy g¬ 72.02 229.48 97.94 106.56 197.86 106.58 162.54

nr³ l g¬ 49.97 36.15 54.71 29.54 22.29 16.76 39.55

i erh«¸è g¬ 60 25.71 42.86 17.14 34.29 8.57 51.43

½Â¸ g¬ 7.70 -5.76 4.82 12.91 12.85 14.46 -10.02

bkh¦j r«g¬ 402.92 526.50 491.34 351.44 550.89 376.65 409.24

r« g¬ (‚¨nk) 6.72 8.78 8.19 5.86 9.18 6.28 6.82

Fi w§j g¤r gF½ 1.03 1.25 1.49 1.17 1.41 1.26 1.14

´ jhd g¬ gF½ 1.28 1.21 1.85 1.72 1.58 1.97 1.08

½è g¬ gF½ 0.06 1.2 0.89 0.67 0.67 1.36 0.45
fhy g¬ gF½ 0.64 2.05 0.98 1.59 1.77 1.59 1.63
nr³ lh gF½ 1 0.72 1.82 0.74 0.45 0.42 1.32
m a± g¬ gF½ 1.67 1.83 1.42 1.39 1.22 1.39 1.24

Âny¤oç nu¡ 5 2 3 7 1 6 4

, ´ j nghyh 39.46 34.12 46.82 21.12 32.10 26.91 5.37

f³ l nghyh 17.01 25.74 10.27 36.98 22.78 26.95 34.81
Cecil Gupta
² 18

$d d fhy ½¬ ¸uf ¾i y
¸uf¡ f¯ uhº ghi f e¤r½u© gh/e/J/ m ½g½ tÅ ¾i y

yÎd © nk\ © 27:11:58 ¸U ½i f brí ~ N Â~ N Â ~

N Âa± flf© 06:36:55 ˜ r© r§~ rÈ ~ ‡j± ne«t Å ~
‡j± ÀJd © 21:42:56 ‡d « ˜ r© ‡j± ~ FU~ FU ne«t Å brh§j Û L
Rθu± Â\ g© 26:52:51 ÀUfÑÂ\ © RÎ~ brí ~ FU ne«t Å brh§j Û L
brí t hª f± È 13:23:17 m ´ j© ‡j± ~ r§~ uhF ne«t Å ~
FU º©k© 16:22:05 ˜ u© N Â~ RÎ~ r§ ne«t Å ~
rÈ º©k© 29:41:24 c ½u© N Â~ N Â~ uhF ne«t Å ~
r§½u± Ä U¢ºf© 05:16:32 mD \ © brí ~ rÈ ~ rÈ ne«t Å ~
uhF flf© 26:53:01 M Á ¬a© r§~ ‡j± ~ FU t Îu© ~
nfJ kfu© 26:53:01 m Ä ¤l© rÈ ~ brí ~ FU t Îu© ~
ˆnud ´ Jyh© 28:02:07 Ä rhf© RÎ~ FU~ RÎ t Îu© ~
be¨o™ ± Ä U¢ºf© 26:49:19 nf¤i l brí ~ ‡j± ~ FU t Îu© ~
‡„ ¤nlh f± È 25:38:24 º½i u ‡j± ~ brí ~ uhF ne«t Å ~

m ½«³ l uhºæ º©k© 25:51:35

¸U³ z «½ ght r§½¨‡

ght © ght r§½ gh/e/J/ m ½g½ ght Ä ´ j¨‡

I. nk\ © 26:57:16 k¡ ~ u~ u 26:57:16 ~ 54:23:26

II. Â\ g© 24:23:26 R~ k¡ ~ uh 54:23:26 ~ 78:09:25

III. ÀJd © 18:09:25 ‡j~ uh~ r§ 78:09:25 ~ 102:36:43

IV. flf© 12:36:43 r§~ rÈ ~ k¡ 102:36:43 ~ 131:28:21

V. º©k© 11:28:21 u~ nf~ ‡j 131:28:21 ~ 167:20:01

VI. f± È 17:20:01 ‡j~ r§~ rÈ 167:20:01 ~ 206:57:16

VII. Jyh© 26:57:16 R~ FU~ R 206:57:16 ~ 234:23:26

VIII. Ä U¢ºf© 24:23:26 k¡ ~ ‡j~ uh 234:23:26 ~ 258:09:25

IX. jD R 18:09:25 FU~ R~ uh 258:09:25 ~ 282:36:43

X. kfu© 12:36:43 rÈ ~ r§~ uh 282:36:43 ~ 311:28:21

XI. F©g© 11:28:21 rÈ ~ uh~ rÈ 311:28:21 ~ 347:20:01

XII. ×d © 17:20:01 FU~ ‡j~ ‡j 347:20:01 ~ 26 57:16

Cecil Gupta
² 19

ght ¸uf fhuf«f¯

ght fhuf«fÆ ± gy©
ght © Àœft Y t hd t Y t hd Àjkhd J gyä d khd

I. ~ ~ brí RÎ nfJ
II. ~ RÎ FU ~
III. ~ ‡j± N Â uhF rÈ
IV. ~ ~ r§ uhF brí
V. ~ NÂ brí FU rÈ ‡j± RÎ r§ nfJ
VI. ~ ~ ‡j± uhF
VII. ~ ~ RÎ r§ brí FU
VIII. ~ ~ brí RÎ nfJ
IX. ~ ~ FU ‡j±
X. ~ ~ rÈ nfJ N Â r§
XI. ~ ~ rÈ N Â r§
XII. ~ ~ FU ‡j±

ght fhuf«f¯
ght © m/ M / ,/ </

I. brí ~ RÎ nfJ ~
FU
II. RÎ RÎ FU
III. ‡j± N Â ‡j± uhF rÈ uhF
IV. r§ uhF brí ~
V. NÂ brí FU rÈ rÈ N Â ‡j± RÎ r§ nfJ
VI. ‡j± ~ uhF ~
VII. RÎ r§ FU brí
VIII. brí ~ RÎ nfJ ~
IX. FU ~ ‡j± ~
X. rÈ nfJ N Â r§ ~
XI. rÈ ~ N Â r§ ~
XII. FU ~ ‡j± ~

m ¤lt i z m / ght m ½g½ M /ght ½¬ , U¨gt «f¯ , / ght m ½g½œFÂa e¤r½u¡ fÆ ¬ ¾± w

¸uf¡ f¯ </ ght ½¬ , UœF© ¸uf¡ fÆ ± e¤r½u¡ fÆ ¬ , UœF© ¸uf¡ f¯
Cecil Gupta
² 20

¸uf¡ f¯ FÇœF© ght ¡ f¯

¸uf¡ f¯ Àœft Y t hd t Y t hd Àjkhd J gyä d khd

NÂ - 5 3 10 11
‡j± - 3 6 5 9 12
RÎ - 2 7 158
brí - - 158 47
FU - - 2 5 9 12 7
rÈ - - 5 10 11 3
r§ - - 47 5 10 11
uhF - - 34 6
nfJ - - 10 158

J i z a½g½ fhuf«f¯
ght © J i z a½g½ Àœft Y t hd t Y t hd Àjkhd J gyä d khd

I. NÂ - 5 3 10 11
II. uhF - - 34 6
III. r§ - - 47 5 10 11
IV. brí - - 158 47
V. ‡j± - 3 6 158
VI. rÈ - - 5 10 11 3
5 9 12
VII. RÎ - 2 7
VIII. uhF - - 34 6
IX. uhF - - 34 6
X. uhF - - 34 6
XI. rÈ - - 5 10 11 3
XII. ‡j± - 3 6 5 9 12
Cecil Gupta
² 21

nf/¿/ yœ¸d rœfu© nf/¿/ght ©

2 Rθu± 12 RÎ
1
3 11
yÎd © yÎd ©

‡j± N Â ‡j±

N Âa± uhF nfJ uhF nfJ

4 10

ˆnud ´ r§ ˆnu

FU rÈ brí FU
rÈ

brí t hª ‡ r§½u± ‡„ be¨

„ ¤nlh be¨o™ ±
5 9
6 7 8

M S © ¸uf¡ f¯ m ½«³ l uhº º©k© 25:51:35

nf/¿/ m ad h©r© 23:29:20
½d m ½g½ ‡j±
yœ¸d ght m ½g½ brí t hª ¿w§jnghJ Ä ©nrhj rÈ æ 16 t Ul¡ f¯
ji r , U¨‡ 2 khj¡ f¯ 23 eh¤f¯
yœ¸d e¤r½u m ½g½ N Âa±
yœ¸d Ji z m ½g½ N Âa±
r§½u uhº m ½g½ brí t hª
r§½u e¤r½u m ½g½ rÈ
r§½u Ji z m ½g½ rÈ
Cecil Gupta
² 22

b$ÀÈ yœfd © m ¬yJ ´ ‡¤nlh

yÎd © uhº

b$± k yœfd © æ nk\ ©

bjuœf± yœfd © (I½f콬)
bjuœf± yœfd © (gÂÄ Âì½ ½uhah)
bjuœf± yœfd © (nrh©ehì)
et h©´ yœfd © (I½f콬)
et h©´ yœfd © (¸U³ z h À³ uh)
M nuh« yœfd © (I½f콬)
M nuh« yœfd © (¾g§ji d Á ¬)
c ¨gjh yœfd © (I½f콬)
c ¨gjh yœfd © (¾g§ji d Á ¬)
´ t h©\ h yœfd ©
fhuf©\ h yœfd ©
ghfh yœfd ©
nQ huh yœfd © (I½f콬)
nQ huh yœfd © (Ä «ìjfhÂœfh)
nQ huh yœfd © (! t ht ¨)
ght yœfd ©
f¤ofh yœfd ©
r¨gjh f¤ofh yœfd ©
M a« yœfd ©
t «z jh yœfd ©
_ yœfd ©
, §J yœfd ©
jhuh yœfd ©
e¤rì½uh yœfd ©
½í a yœfd ©
½Â¨ut ± yœfd ©
´ ‡¤nlh nahf yœfd ©
æ jD R
æ ÀJd ©
æ ÀJd ©
æ jD R
æ jD R
æ F©g©
æ F©g©
æ kfu©
æ kfu©
æ jD R
æ jD R
æ f± È
æ ×d ©
æ Â\ g©
æ jD R
æ Â\ g©
æ nk\ ©
æ flf©
æ ÀJd ©
æ ×d ©
æ ÀJd ©
æ jD R
æ Â\ g©
æ Â\ g©
æ f± È
æ jD R
æ º©k©
Cecil Gupta
² 23

b$ÀÈ yœfd h F¥ oÃ
b$± k yœfd © uœf± I½f½¬ b$ÀÈ yœfd h F¥ oÃ
12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3
y¡ R ‡j uh rÈ uh FU y¡ rÈ

11 4 11 4 11 4
u uh ‡j u

10 5 10 5 10 5
nf FU rÈ R k¡ u r§ k¡

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6
r§ k¡ y¡ FU r§ nf ‡j R nf

uœf± nrhkeh et h¡ ´ I½f½¬ et h¡ ´ ¸U³ z h À³ uh

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3
y¡ r§ uh ‡j k¡ u k¡ rÈ

11 4 11 4 11 4
FU ‡j R nf

10 5 10 5 10 5
R nf k¡ u FU r§

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6
u rÈ FU uh ‡j y¡ rÈ R nf y¡ r§ uh

M nuh« yœfd © (I½f콬) c t gj yœfd © fhuœQ ± ´ yœfd ©

12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3 12 1 2 3
R ‡j R ‡j uh ‡j k¡

11 4 11 4 11 4
y¡ u uh u uh

10 5 10 5 10 5
nf FU rÈ y¡ nf FU rÈ u FU r§

9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6
r§ k¡ r§ k¡ y¡ rÈ R nf
Cecil Gupta
² 24

b$ÀÈ ´ ‡¤nlh
´ ‡nlh bga« ´ ‡nlh

Ö$h ´ ‡¤nlh (¿uhj± ) jD R 18:33:23

Ö$h ´ ‡¤nlh Ji z ahd 1 kfu© 19:34:34
Ö$h ´ ‡¤nlh Ji z ahd 2 jD R 05:14:52
nr½u ´ ‡¤nlh ¿uhj± Ä U¢ºf© 08:05:03
nr½u ´ ‡¤nlh Ji z ahd 1 f± È 04:44:38
nr½u ´ ‡¤nlh Ji z ahd 2 F©g© 19:24:40

b$ÀÈ fhbuœ
¸uf¡ f¯ m ³ l rhuh r¨j rhuh r¨j ´ Ô« r¨j ght

N Âa± r§jh± nQ ± ½ M kh r§jh±

‡j± ghU ghU m k½ah ghU nQ ± ½
Rθu± m k½ah m k½ah jhuh m k½ah jhuh
brí t hª ¿U r§jh± ghU M kh
FU khU khU r§jh±
rÈ M kh M kh nQ ± ½
r§½u± nQ ± ½ jhuh khU khU
uhF jhuh

b$ÀÈ gh«i t
¸uf¡ f¯ K ± ‡wkhf c ¯ s njh°w© gœf t h¤lhd njh°w©

nk\ © ~ y¡ Ä U¢ºf© ~ r§ º©k©~ F©g©

Â\ g© ~ R Jyh© flf©~ kfu©
ÀJd © ~ ‡j jD R f± È ~ ×d ©
flf© ~ u ~ uh F©g© Â\ g©~ Ä U¢ºf©
º©k© ~ FU ~ rÈ kfu© ~ nfJ nk\ ©~ Jyh©
f± È ~ k¡ ×d © ÀJd ©~ jD R
Jyh© Â\ g© ~ RÎ º©k©~ F©g©
Ä U¢ºf© ~ r§ nk\ © ~ yÎd © flf©~ kfu©
jD R ÀJd © ~ ‡j± f± È ~ ×d ©
kfu© ~ nf º©k© ~ FU ~ rÈ Â\ g©~ Ä U¢ºf©
F©g© flf© ~ N Â ~ uhF nk\ ©~ Jyh©
×d © f± È ~ brí ÀJd ©~ jD R
Cecil Gupta
² 25

Ä ©nrhj ji r (kfh ji r)
rÈ 19 t Ul¡ f¯ ‡j± 17 t Ul¡ f¯ nfJ 7 t Ul¡ f¯
, U§J 04-12-1977 , U§J 04-12-1996 , U§J 04-12-2013
tiu 04-12-1996 tiu 04-12-2013 tiu 04-12-2020

rÈ 04-12-1977 ‡j± 04-12-1996 nfJ 04-12-2013

‡j± 07-12-1980 nfJ 02-05-1999 Rθu± 02-05-2014
nfJ 17-08-1983 Rθu± 29-04-2000 N Âa± 02-07-2015
Rθu± 26-09-1984 N Âa± 27-02-2003 r§½u± 07-11-2015
N Âa± 25-11-1987 r§½u± 04-01-2004 brí t hª 07-06-2016
r§½u± 06-11-1988 brí t hª 05-06-2005 uhF 03-11-2016
brí t hª 08-06-1990 uhF 02-06-2006 FU 22-11-2017
uhF 17-07-1991 FU 20-12-2008 rÈ 29-10-2018
FU 24-05-1994 rÈ 27-03-2011 ‡j± 07-12-2019

Rθu± 20 t Ul¡ f¯ N Âa± 6 t Ul¡ f¯ r§½u± 10 t Ul¡ f¯

, U§J 04-12-2020 , U§J 04-12-2040 , U§J 04-12-2046
tiu 04-12-2040 tiu 04-12-2046 tiu 04-12-2056

Rθu± 04-12-2020 N Âa± 04-12-2040 r§½u± 04-12-2046

N Âa± 04-04-2024 r§½u± 24-03-2041 brí t hª 05-10-2047
r§½u± 04-04-2025 brí t hª 23-09-2041 uhF 05-05-2048
brí t hª 04-12-2026 uhF 28-01-2042 FU 03-11-2049
uhF 02-02-2028 FU 23-12-2042 rÈ 05-03-2051
FU 02-02-2031 rÈ 11-10-2043 ‡j± 04-10-2052
rÈ 04-10-2033 ‡j± 22-09-2044 nfJ 05-03-2054
‡j± 04-12-2036 nfJ 30-07-2045 Rθu± 04-10-2054
nfJ 04-10-2039 Rθu± 05-12-2045 N Âa± 04-06-2056

brí t hª 7 t Ul¡ f¯ uhF 18 t Ul¡ f¯ FU 16 t Ul¡ f¯

, U§J 04-12-2056 , U§J 04-12-2063 , U§J 04-12-2081
tiu 04-12-2063 tiu 04-12-2081 tiu 04-12-2097

brí t hª 04-12-2056 uhF 04-12-2063 FU 04-12-2081

uhF 02-05-2057 FU 17-08-2066 rÈ 22-01-2084
FU 21-05-2058 rÈ 10-01-2069 ‡j± 05-08-2086
rÈ 27-04-2059 ‡j± 17-11-2071 nfJ 10-11-2088
‡j± 05-06-2060 nfJ 05-06-2074 Rθu± 17-10-2089
nfJ 02-06-2061 Rθu± 24-06-2075 N Âa± 17-06-2092
Rθu± 30-10-2061 N Âa± 24-06-2078 r§½u± 05-04-2093
N Âa± 29-12-2062 r§½u± 18-05-2079 brí t hª 05-08-2094
r§½u± 06-05-2063 brí t hª 17-11-2080 uhF 12-07-2095
Cecil Gupta
² 26

c ¤¿Â‰
nfJ Rθu± N Âa±
, U§J 04-12-2013 , U§J 02-05-2014 , U§J 02-07-2015
tiu 02-05-2014 tiu 02-07-2015 tiu 07-11-2015

nfJ 04-12-2013 Rθu± 02-05-2014 N Âa± 02-07-2015

Rθu± 13-12-2013 N Âa± 13-07-2014 r§½u± 09-07-2015
N Âa± 07-01-2014 r§½u± 03-08-2014 brí t hª 19-07-2015
r§½u± 14-01-2014 brí t hª 07-09-2014 uhF 27-07-2015
brí t hª 27-01-2014 uhF 02-10-2014 FU 15-08-2015
uhF 04-02-2014 FU 05-12-2014 rÈ 01-09-2015
FU 27-02-2014 rÈ 31-01-2015 ‡j± 21-09-2015
rÈ 19-03-2014 ‡j± 08-04-2015 nfJ 09-10-2015
‡j± 11-04-2014 nfJ 08-06-2015 Rθu± 17-10-2015

r§½u± brí t hª uhF

, U§J 07-11-2015 , U§J 07-06-2016 , U§J 03-11-2016
tiu 07-06-2016 tiu 03-11-2016 tiu 22-11-2017

r§½u± 07-11-2015 brí t hª 07-06-2016 uhF 03-11-2016

brí t hª 25-11-2015 uhF 16-06-2016 FU 31-12-2016
uhF 07-12-2015 FU 08-07-2016 rÈ 20-02-2017
FU 08-01-2016 rÈ 28-07-2016 ‡j± 22-04-2017
rÈ 06-02-2016 ‡j± 21-08-2016 nfJ 15-06-2017
‡j± 10-03-2016 nfJ 11-09-2016 Rθu± 08-07-2017
nfJ 10-04-2016 Rθu± 20-09-2016 N Âa± 09-09-2017
Rθu± 22-04-2016 N Âa± 15-10-2016 r§½u± 29-09-2017
N Âa± 28-05-2016 r§½u± 22-10-2016 brí t hª 31-10-2017

FU rÈ ‡j±
, U§J 22-11-2017 , U§J 29-10-2018 , U§J 07-12-2019
tiu 29-10-2018 tiu 07-12-2019 tiu 03-12-2020

FU 22-11-2017 rÈ 29-10-2018 ‡j± 07-12-2019

rÈ 06-01-2018 ‡j± 01-01-2019 nfJ 27-01-2020
‡j± 01-03-2018 nfJ 27-02-2019 Rθu± 18-02-2020
nfJ 18-04-2018 Rθu± 23-03-2019 N Âa± 18-04-2020
Rθu± 08-05-2018 N Âa± 29-05-2019 r§½u± 06-05-2020
N Âa± 04-07-2018 r§½u± 18-06-2019 brí t hª 05-06-2020
r§½u± 21-07-2018 brí t hª 22-07-2019 uhF 26-06-2020
brí t hª 19-08-2018 uhF 15-08-2019 FU 20-08-2020
uhF 07-09-2018 FU 14-10-2019 rÈ 07-10-2020
Cecil Gupta
² 27

½Âgh¸ ji r
rÈ ‡j± nfJ
, U§J 23-07-1980 , U§J 22-06-1991 , U§J 21-10-2002
tiu 22-06-1991 tiu 21-10-2002 tiu 21-06-2007

rÈ 23-10-1980 ‡j± 29-01-1993 nfJ 29-01-2003

‡j± 09-08-1982 nfJ 27-09-1993 Rθu± 09-11-2003
nfJ 06-05-1983 Rθu± 18-08-1995 N Âa± 02-02-2004
Rθu± 15-06-1985 N Âa± 12-03-1996 r§½u± 23-06-2004
N Âa± 01-02-1986 r§½u± 20-02-1997 brí t hª 30-09-2004
r§½u± 22-02-1987 brí t hª 19-10-1997 uhF 13-06-2005
brí t hª 19-11-1987 uhF 02-07-1999 FU 26-01-2006
uhF 13-10-1989 FU 04-01-2001 rÈ 23-10-2006
FU 22-06-1991 rÈ 21-10-2002 ‡j± 21-06-2007

Rθu± N Âa± r§½u±

, U§J 21-06-2007 , U§J 20-10-2020 , U§J 20-10-2024
tiu 20-10-2020 tiu 20-10-2024 tiu 21-06-2031

Rθu± 09-09-2009 N Âa± 01-01-2021 r§½u± 10-05-2025

N Âa± 11-05-2010 r§½u± 03-05-2021 brí t hª 29-09-2025
r§½u± 21-06-2011 brí t hª 27-07-2021 uhF 29-09-2026
brí t hª 31-03-2012 uhF 03-03-2022 FU 20-08-2027
uhF 01-04-2014 FU 14-09-2022 rÈ 09-09-2028
FU 10-01-2016 rÈ 03-05-2023 ‡j± 20-08-2029
rÈ 19-02-2018 ‡j± 26-11-2023 nfJ 09-01-2030
‡j± 10-01-2020 nfJ 19-02-2024 Rθu± 19-02-2031
nfJ 20-10-2020 Rθu± 20-10-2024 N Âa± 21-06-2031

brí t hª uhF FU
, U§J 21-06-2031 , U§J 19-02-2036 , U§J 19-02-2048
tiu 19-02-2036 tiu 19-02-2048 tiu 20-10-2058

brí t hª 29-09-2031 uhF 07-12-2037 FU 23-07-2049

uhF 11-06-2032 FU 14-07-2039 rÈ 01-04-2051
FU 24-01-2033 rÈ 07-06-2041 ‡j± 04-10-2052
rÈ 21-10-2033 ‡j± 18-02-2043 nfJ 19-05-2053
‡j± 19-06-2034 nfJ 01-11-2043 Rθu± 27-02-2055
nfJ 26-09-2034 Rθu± 01-11-2045 N Âa± 10-09-2055
Rθu± 07-07-2035 N Âa± 08-06-2046 r§½u± 31-07-2056
N Âa± 30-09-2035 r§½u± 08-06-2047 brí t hª 15-03-2057
r§½u± 19-02-2036 brí t hª 19-02-2048 uhF 20-10-2058
Cecil Gupta
² 28

\ ¤ ½Â©r ji r \ ¤ ½Â©r ji r
ji r m ½g½ fhy© K o‰ m ½g½ fhy© K o‰
¿ uk brí t hª 4 t Ul© 03-01-1984 Rθu± 7 t Ul© 04-08-1986

g½Âf ‡j± 5 t Ul© 02-01-1989 uhF 8 t Ul© 04-08-1994

c ¬f rÈ 6 t Ul© 03-01-1995 r§½u± 1 t Ul© 04-08-1995

ºj Rθu± 7 t Ul© 03-01-2002 N Âa± 2 t Ul© 03-08-1997

r¡ fl uhF 8 t Ul© 03-01-2010 FU 3 t Ul© 03-08-2000

k¡ fs r§½u± 1 t Ul© 03-01-2011 brí t hª 4 t Ul© 03-08-2004

¿ ¡ fs N Âa± 2 t Ul© 02-01-2013 ‡j± 5 t Ul© 03-08-2009

j± a FU 3 t Ul© 03-01-2016 rÈ 6 t Ul© 04-08-2015

¿ uk brí t hª 4 t Ul© 03-01-2020 Rθu± 7 t Ul© 04-08-2022

g½Âf ‡j± 5 t Ul© 02-01-2025 uhF 8 t Ul© 04-08-2030

c ¬f rÈ 6 t Ul© 03-01-2031 r§½u± 1 t Ul© 04-08-2031

ºj Rθu± 7 t Ul© 03-01-2038 N Âa± 2 t Ul© 03-08-2033

r¡ fl uhF 8 t Ul© 03-01-2046 FU 3 t Ul© 03-08-2036

k¡ fs r§½u± 1 t Ul© 03-01-2047 brí t hª 4 t Ul© 03-08-2040

¿ ¡ fs N Âa± 2 t Ul© 02-01-2049 ‡j± 5 t Ul© 03-08-2045

j± a FU 3 t Ul© 03-01-2052 rÈ 6 t Ul© 04-08-2051

jrh ehj ¸uf¡ fÆ ± t Âi rˆ© m i t fÆ ± jrh fhy¡ fS © bkhjkhd fhy¢ rÎfuK © (36
t Ul¡ f¯) nah¸È k°W © \ ¤½Â©r jrh K i wÎF© bghJt hd nj M d h¬ , §j , u¥ L ji r
K i wfÆ Y © M u©g ji r nt W gL¸wJ/

guhru± T °W ¨go $d d khd J gfà ¬ N Âa nQ hi uÁ yht J m ¬yJ , uÄ ¬ r§½u

Xi uÁ yht J V°gLkhd h¬ \ ¤ ½Â©r ji r K i wi aÎ fi l¿oÎf nt ¥ L©/

, §j bfh¯ i fÎF¢ r°W Ä t ukhf nt ¥ LkhÁ ± $d d © , uÄ ¬ N Âa Xi uÁ yht J m ¬yJ

gfà ¬ r§½u Xi uÁ yht J V°gLkhÁ ± nah¸È jrhK i w ¾¢rakhf m D rÂÎf¨glnt ¥ L©/
Cecil Gupta
² 29

¸uf nahf¡ f¯

jkhUf nahf©
± W ghf¡ f¯ c ¯s t h®œi fÁ ¬ K j¬ ghf© Àf c ± d jkhf , UœF©/
k ½a ghf ½¬ (24 t aJ K j¬ 45 t aJ t i u) r§j«¨g N ®¾i yÁ ±
kh°w jh¬ K ± nd °w ½¬ ji lf¯ V°gL©/ $hjf ½¬ nt W m D T ykhd
nahf¡ f¯ , U§jh¬. , §j nahf ½± Ä i s ‰ f¯ khW gL©/

f$nfr nahf©
, J Rg ¸uf¡ fÆ ± nr«œi fÁ d h¬ V°gL© nahf©/ c ¡ fÆ l© ngh°w jœf
Fz h½ra¡ f¯ fhz ¨gL©/ M nuhœa© jd ©. f¬Ä kh± . v¬nyhuhY ©
k½œf jœf j«k º§ji d . jahs Fz ©. g¼ ‰ ngh± w c aÂa Fz ¡ f¯
fhz ¨gL©/ bjªt º§ji d ˆ© Õ¥ l M ˆ¯ c i lat uht «/ ji yi k¨
bghW ¨‡f¯ V°W ¢ ºw§J Ä s ¡ FÛ «f¯ /

m ky nahf©
, J xU Rg nr«œi f/ t h®œi fÁ ¬ xG œfK © e¬y Fz h½ra¡ fS ©
V°gL©/ Õ¡ f¯ e¬y kÈ juhf‰ ©. ¿wUœF c j‰ gt uhf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯/
t h®œi fÁ ¬ br¬t K ©. ¾u§ju¨ ‡fG © ¸i lœF©/ ¿wUœF K ± c jhuz khf
½f®§J Rfkhd t h®œi fi aœ fŨ֫f¯ /

Ä gÙj uh$ nahf©

, J xU Rg nahf©/ t h®œi fÁ ¬ t U© r§j«¨g¡ fi s ¨ ga± gL ½. c ¡ f¯
jÈ ½wi kÁ d h¬ m gÂÄ jkhf K ± nd W Û «f¯/ e¬y m lj œ T «i kˆ©.
½wD ©. e¬y bt Fk½fi s ¨ bg°W jU©/ gy t ÅfÆ Y © br¬t ¡ f¯
t §ji l§jhY ©. t h®œi fÁ ¬ Õ¡ f¯ njL© ¾©k½ , ¬yhk¬ nghF©/

Ä ah nahf©
e¬y c a«jukhd f¬Ä i a m i la , J xU Rg nahf©/ T Âa m lj ©.
e¬y " hgf rœ½i aˆ© m Æ J vi jˆ© vÆ ½¬ ¸uÌ Jœ bfh¯sœ T oa
M °wi y m Æ œF©/ fod khd ºœf¬fi s Ô«œfœ T oa M °wY ©. e¬y
ºw§j t Å K i wfi sˆ© m Æ œfœ T oat «/

c garh nahf©
e¬y ngh°w jœf rÙuK ©. eh t ± i kˆ©. j§J ºw§j t Ukhd © bg°W .
brh Jœfi s m i la¨ bg°W yhg¡ fi s ˆ© ju t ¬yJ , §j Rg nahf©/

K j¬ ju uh$ nahf© 1
, §j uh$ nahf© t h®œi fÁ ¬ Àf c aÂa. c ± d jkhd ¾i yÁ ¬ ¾W J©/
k°w ¸uf¡ f¯ rhjfkhf , U§jh¬ k§½Âahfnt h. m ¬yJ Àf¨ bgÂa
Cecil Gupta
² 30

m urh¡ f ¾W t d ½± ji yi k bghW ¨¿nyh m kuyh©/

m k« m d §j jd nahf©
, J xU m ½«³ l nahf©/ t r½ahd FL©g ½¬ ¿w§jhY © c ¡ f¯ brh§j
½wi k. K a°ºÁ d h¬ bgU© bghUi s <¤LÛ «f¯ / t h®œi fÁ ¬ v¬yh Rf
, ± g¡ fi s¨ bg°W t h®Û «f¯ /
Cecil Gupta
² 31

¸uf¨ gh«i t Á ± gy± f¯

N Âa± ½Ânfhz © r§½u±

, §j ¸uf ¾i y K jÚL. N jh¤l© ngh± wt °wh¬ jd yhg¡ fi s ¨ bg°W
jU©/ ne«ki w v¥ z © bfh¥ l Õ¡ f¯ c jt œ T oat U©. bg¥ fÆ l ½¬
¿ugykhf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯ / e¬y c l¬ M nuhœa© c ¥ L/

Rθu± 90 o¸Â gh«i t rÈ

k°wt «fS l± bt Æ ¨gi lahf gHfhjt U©. m jd h¬ k°wt « f¥ fS œF
Õ¡ f¯ jÈ i k¨g¤lt uhf Ä s ¡ FÛ «f¯ / r¤l Jl± ºy rt hyhd ¢
N ®¾i yfi s¢ r§½œf nt ¥ ot U©/

Rθu± 60 o¸Â gh«i t uhF

c ¡ fÆ l© bg¥ fS œF f¤L¨gL j K oahj ft «¢ºˆ©. e©g jF§j kÈ jU©.
¾½ Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬ Õ¡ f¯ m Æ œF© m lj i uf¯ k°wt «fS œF e± i k
m Æ œF©/

Rθu± 180 o¸Â gh«i t be¨o™ ±

m ± ghd t «fS l± kd œ fr¨‡©. j± i d jhnd beh§J bfh¯s‰ © neÂL©/

Rθu± ½Ânfhz © ‡„ ¤nlh

c z «¢ºf¯ M Hkhf , U§jhY ©. brh§j t h®œi fÁ ¬ k¸®¢ºi a m Æ œF©/
½Ukz t h®œi f ºw¨ghf m i kˆ©/ XÄ a© bjhl«ghd nt i yfÆ ¬ e¬y
gad i lÛ «f¯/

brí t hª 30 o¸Â gh«i t FU

c a«§j FÇœnfh¯fS ©. c nt fK ©. J¼ ¢ryhd brªi fˆ© e¬y gHœf
t Hœf¡ fS © c ¡ fS œF e°bgai uˆ©. bgUi kˆ©. nr«œF©/ e¬y
c l¬t hF c ¡ fi s jlfs ngh¤oÁ ¬ <« jhY © c ¡ f¯ m lj ½w± c ¡ f¯
go¨¿± gœf© , G J¢ br¬Y ©/

brí t hª 45 o¸Â gh«i t uhF

Àfœ f¥ o¨ghd t uhd Õ¡ f¯ . m s‰ œF nkyhf c l¬ rœ½i aœ
bfh¥ lt uhf‰ ©. m ji d m °g Ä \ a ½°fhf¨ ga± gL JÛ «f¯ /

brí t hª 45 o¸Â gh«i t ˆnud ´

ÀF§j c z «¢ºˆ© nfhg© bfh¯gt Ukh¸a Õ¡ f¯. ´ ½ukhd
nfh¤ghLfS œF v½uhf¨ nghuhLÛ «f¯/ c ¡ f¯ jÈ j± i ki a ¾i y
eh¤Lt j°fhf t hª¨‡fi s njLÛ «f¯ / rt h¬fi s ˆ© r§½ J m i j bt °Ç
bfh¯s t ň© njLÛ «f¯/
Cecil Gupta
² 32

rÈ 30 o¸Â gh«i t uhF

bjhÅà ¬ ºw§J Ä s¡ Fgt uhd Õ¡ f¯ ºÇJ K a°ºˆl± bt °Çi a
m i layh©/ t h®œi fÁ ¬ FÇœnfh¯ f¯ i t J m j± go el¨Ö«f¯ /
c z «¢ºt r¨glœ T oat uhf , U§jhY © M ± ×f K ½«¢ºi a m i lÛ «f¯/

rÈ 60 o¸Â gh«i t ˆnud ´

, §j ¸uf ¾i yi k c ¡ fi s bghW i k m i la¢ brªJ©. f¬Ä Á ¬ nj«¢º
m i l§J©. f°¿œf‰ © brªÛ «f¯ / fod khd . rt hyhd ºy t hª¨‡f¯
t §jhY © m i j ½wi kahf¢ rkhÆ ¨Ö«f¯/

rÈ 90 o¸Â gh«i t be¨o™ ±

, §j ¸uf ¾i y c ¡ fi s ghJgh¨g°w c z «i t V°gL J ©/ c l¬ ey
r©g§j¨g¤l ºœf¬fi s rkhÆ œf nt ¥ oÁ U¨gjh¬ c li y e¬y ¾i yÁ ¬
i t ½Uœf nt ¥ L©/

nfJ 90 o¸Â gh«i t ˆnud ´

m ½f c z «‰ fS ©. nghœf°w j± i kˆ© c ¯ s t uhf , §j ¸uf ¾i y
c Ut hœF©/ rhji d fi s gi l¨gt uhd Õ¡ f¯ ºÇJ ´ œ vLœf neÂL©/

nfJ 60 o¸Â gh«i t be¨o™ ±

fi y. k°W ©. , i r Ji wÁ ¬ M «t K ¯st uhf‰ ©. bghW ¨‡¯s kÈ juhf‰ ©.
knd hj Jt © ngh± w Ji wfÆ ¬ M «t © c ¯st uhf‰ © e¬y knd h
i jÂaK ©. bghW i kˆ© c ¯ st « M t «/

nfJ ½Ânfhz © ‡„ ¤nlh

, §j ¸uf ¾i yÁ d h¬ c z «¢º t r¨glœ T oat «/ c ¡ f¯ nfhg ½d h¬ gy
nfLf¯ Ä i s ˆ© m jd h¬ rh§jkhf , U¨gJ ey©/

ˆnud ´ 30 o¸Â gh«i t be¨o™ ±

nt jh§j© k°W © M ± ×f Ji wÁ ¬ eh¤l© bfh¥ L M œf¨ ˜ «t
g¼ fi s¢ brªÛ «f¯/

ˆnud ´ 30 o¸Â gh«i t ‡„ ¤nlh

khah$hy©. k§½u. j§½u rh´ ½u¡ f¯ n$h½l© ngh± wt °Ç¬ M «t ©
bfh¥ L. v¬yh t i fÁ yhd nt i yfÆ Y © RK fkhd c wi t t s «¨Ö«f¯
e¬y M nuhœaK © v¬yh neu ½Y © , UœF©/

be¨o™ ± 60 o¸Â gh«i t ‡„ ¤nlh

nt jh§j. knd hj J t ¡ fÆ ¬ e¬y nj«¢º m i l§J. ºy neu¡ fÆ ¬ f³ lkhd
¾i yi a r§½œfœ T L©/ m jd h¬ c ¡ f¯ knd hi jÂa i j c a« j nt ¥ L©/
Cecil Gupta
² 33

v½«fhy gy± f¯

FǨ¿l jÎf Fz h½ra¡ f¯

t à i kahd t uhd Õ¡ f¯. c °rhfK ©. c nt fK ©. bg°W . kd J¼ ‰ ©
i jÂaK © c ¯s rhfr ½¬ <Lg¤L bt ¬Û «f¯/ c a«§j , y¤ºa¡ fS ©.
vi jˆ© bt °Ç bfh¯ S © knd hght K © c ¯st «/ c z «¢ºt r¨g¤l fhj¬
Ä t fhu¡ fS ©. m jd h¬ gy kd œfr¨ghd N ®¾i yfi s r§½œf neÂL©/
Ä Rt hrkhd e©¿œi fahd Ñl«f¯ Õ¡ f¯ M s¨¿w§jt « v± W e©‡t h«f¯/

f«t K ©. ºw§j ¾«t hf ½w± bg°wt U©. t h®œi fÁ ± bt °Çœ fj‰ f¯

v± W © ½w§nj , UœF©/ ‡fG © m i lÛ «f¯/ v± gi j brh¬yhknyna
m ÇÛ «f¯ / M d h¬ vt i uˆ© bt °Ç bfh¯ S © knd hght ©
gœFt ¨gL j¨glhÄ ¤lh¬ F‚ukhf‰ ©. r«t h½fhÂahf‰ © khw t hª¨‡¥ L/
ºw§j ‡f® bg°W bgUi k m i lÛ «f¯/

c ¡ f¯ Ä U¨g¡ f¯ nt fkhf‰ ©. bt Ç jd khf‰ © , UœF©/ , §j

v¥ z ½d h¬ fhj¬ Ä t fhu¡ fÆ ¬ jt W fS ©. ½Ukz © M t j°F ¿±
f¯sœ fhjY © brªJ ÀF§j ¿u¢ºi d fS œF M s hÛ «f¯ / c ¡ fi s ¢
R°Çˆ¯st «f¯. neuhd v½Âf¯ M f‰ ©. FǨghf bg¥ f¯ ki wK fkhd
v½Âfshf‰ © Ä s¡ Ft h«f¯/ c ¡ fS i la v£ ºa rœ½fi s M œf¨˜ «t khœ¸
fhy¨ nghœ¸¬ e± i k m i lÛ «f¯ /

‡ ½ T «i ki a¨ g°Ça Ä t u¡ f¯
i jÂa©. J¼ ‰ k°W © rt h¬fi s r§½¨gt «fs hf‰ © fhz ¨gLÛ «f¯ /
ÀF§j Ô«khd K ©. F ½œfh¤L© t h« i jfS ©. gj¤l¨g¤L© fhz ¨gLÛ «f¯ /
K ± nd °ghL©. K ± T ¤ona ½¤lÀl¨g¤l ´ ½ukhd v¥ z ¡ fS ©.
k«k¡ f¯ . k§½u j§½u¡ fÆ ¬ eh¤lK ©. M uhª¢ºÁ ¬ <Lg¤L©. Ä \
, urhad ¡ f¯. k°W © jlÄ a¬ J i wÁ ¬ nj«¢ºˆ© bgW Û «f¯ /

c l°T W g°Ça Ä t u¡ f¯
c ¡ f¯ $hjf ½± go. kh¾wkhd njh°wK ©. fU j RU¥ l ji yK oˆ©.
fhJgF½fÆ ¬ ji yK o jo J fhz ¨gL©/ c là ± Ï®¨ gF½Á ¬
gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯/ (M ¥ fS œF t yJ ‡wK ©. bg¥ fS œF , lJ ‡wK ©)
m Hfhd ‡Ut K ©. e¬y nfhz K ¯s K fK © c i lat uhÛ «f¯/

bghJt hd c l¬ ey©
, §j uhº c ¡ f¯ , Uja i j. k°W ©. ºW Fl¬ k°W © K JF j¥ L nk¬
¿± gœf©. ngh± w gF½fÆ ¬ kU Jt c jÄ nji t ¨gL©/ c ¡ f¯ c l¬
¾i yi a¨ g°Çœ ft i y¨glhk¬ , U¨gjh¬ , Uja nehªfS ©. K JF
t à ˆ©. K JF j¥ o¬ ¿u¢ºi d fS © V°gL©/

M nuhœa©. xU m Âa bghœ¸\ ©/ e¬y M nuhœa© k¤L© t h®œi fahfhJ/

Cecil Gupta
² 34

m i j ghuhk¨gJ jh± ºw§jJ/ ½d K © fhyhw el¨gJ©. M u£ R¨ gH¡ f¯.

g¤lh¼ . , i t f¯ e± i ki aœ bfhLœF©/uhF. yœd i j¨ gh½¨gjh¬.
$ynjh\ © k°W © ky¢ºœfyh¬ m t ½¨gLÛ «f¯ /

nfJ yœd i j¨ gh½¨gjh¬ bt ¤Lœ fha¡ fs hY ©. Û œf¡ fs hY ©

m t ½¨gLÛ «f¯ /

ˆnud ´ yœd i j¨ gh½¨gjh¬ , Uja r©k§jkhd Ä ah½fÆ d h¬

gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯/

r§½u± gh½œf¨glhjjh¬ R°W ¨‡w¢ N ®¾i yÁ d h¬ V°gL© Ä ah½f¯

V°glhJ/N Âa± c ¡ f¯ $hjf ½¬ e¬y ¾i yÁ ¬ c ¯sjh¬. v§j¨ gu©gi u
nehˆ© V°glhJ/ m t hW v§j nehˆ© , U§jh¬ m J ºy fhy ½nyna
ki w§J Ä L©/ f¥ gh«i t Ñuhf , UœF©/

go¨‡ k°W © bjhŬ

$hjf ½¬ ¸uf¾i yf¯. f¬Ä Á ¬ m ½«³ lK ¯ s t uhf ½fH¢ brªˆ©/ ÀF§j
m Çt hÆ ahd Õ¡ f¯ Àf‰ © c a«§j f¬Ä m Çi t ¨ bgW Û «f¯ / Õ¡ f¯
v§j Ji wi a nj«§bjL jhY © m ½¬ bt °Ç bg°W K Jfi y¨ g¤l i j¨
bgW Û «f¯/ c ¡ f¯ f¬Ä nkY © bjhlU©/ c ¡ f¯ f¬Ä nk± i k. k°W ©
bt °ÇfS œfhf bgÂjhf k½œf¨gLÛ «f¯ /

g¬nt W Ji wfÆ ¬ M «t © bfh¥ L v¬yh Ji wfÆ Y © m nkhf

bt °Çi a¨ bgW Û «f¯/ K œ¸akhd xU Ji wÁ ¬ Õ¡ f¯ , s ¾i y¨
g¤l i j¨ bgW Û «f¯/ m J c ¡ fS œF bjhÅà ¬ rhjfkhf m i kˆ©/

ºy nkyhd ¸uf¾i y c ¡ f¯ $hjf ½¬ ºy Rg nahf¡ fi s jut ¬yJ/ m J

Ä ah nahf© M F©/ , J c ¡ fS œF nk°go¨i g m Æ J f¬Ä t h®œi fi a
bt °Ç bfh¯ s ¢ brªˆ©/ ºy K œ¸akhd ghl ½¤l¡ fÆ ¬ c ¯ s h«§jœ f¬Ä
nj«¢ºÁ ¬ K G i k bgW Û «f¯ / , jd h¬ kœfs h¬ bgÂJ© k½œf¨gLt «/

m ³ lt «f ½¬ ‡j± e¬y ¾i yi k¨ bg°wjh¬. f¬Ä Á ¬ ºw§j nj«¢º¨

bg°W . Õ¡ f¯ Ä U©¿a ghl ½¤l ½¬ bt °Ç bgW Û «f¯ /

go ji j m ¬yJ. go j t ÅK i wfi s ei lK i wÁ ¬ bfh¥ L t u jœf

Ji wÁ ¬ <LgLÛ «f¯ / nk¬go¨‡ bg°W ºw§j Ä i jfi s œ f°Ö«f¯ /
, s¾i y¨g¤lK ©. T Ljyhd g¤lK © bg°W f¼ È Á ¬ ÀF§j <LghL©
bfh¯Û «f¯/

, §jœ ¸uf ¾i y c ¡ fi s nk± i kahd m lj àÄ ahœF©. bjhŬ k°W ©

Ä ahghu© y© bt °Ç bgW Û «f¯/ M u©g fhy ½¬ k°wt «fÆ l ½¬ nt i y
brªJ. ¿± d « c ¡ f¯ brh§j bjhÅi y bjhl¡ FÛ «f¯ / ¿± d « nt i yœF
Cecil Gupta
² 35

½U©‡Û «f¯/

br¬t © k°W © gu©gi u¢ brh J

FL©g¢ brh Jœf¯ gz ©. , i t f¯ v§j neuK © , UœF©/ fi y Ji wÁ ¬
yhg¡ fi s¨ bg°W . m s‰ œF m ½fkhf c i lfS œfhf bry‰ brªJ.
t hri d ½uÄ a¡ f¯. k°W © nfÆ œi ffÆ Y © bry‰ brªÛ «f¯ / FL©g
t h®œi f v¬yh Rf nghf¡ fS l± . k¸®¢ºahf‰ ©. Ä s¡ F©/ c ¡ f¯
c wÄ d «fÆ ¬ m ½fkhf bg¥ fns Ä s ¡ Ft h«f¯ /

t Ukhd © jU© ¸uf© I§jh© , l ½Ã U¨gjh¬ e¬y jd nahfkhF© ¾i w§j

gz t u‰ ©. brh JœfS ©. gy t ÅfÆ Ã U§J© bg°W . ‡½a K a°ºfÆ Y ©
bg°W . Ô«œf jÂrd œ Fi wÄ d h¬ Õ¡ f¯ g§ja©. ngh± w N jh¤l¡ fÆ ¬
<LglœT lhJ/ m D T ykhd bjhŬf¯ g¡ Ff¯. yh¤lÂ. ºÈ kh.
½i uau¡ Ff¯ . Ä i sah¤L¨ bghU¯f¯. kJ nfÆ œi f , ¬y¡ f¯ M ¸ai t
M F©/

t ©rht Æ brh JœfS œF , J V°wj¬y/ M d hY © yhg¡ f¯

jhªkhkÈ l ½Ã U§J©. k°W © ¾½ ¾W t d ¡ fÆ lÀU§J© fl± t r½i a¨
bgW Û «f¯/

½Ukz © k°W © ½Ukz t h®Îi f

-1 $hjf ½¬ , §j ¸uff¾i y k¸®¢ºfukhd kz t h®œi fi a m Æ œF©/
xUt i u xUt « m ± ‡l± m & ¸. ºy , a°i fahd t hœFt hj¡ fS ©
bfh¥ L gu´ gu Rf t h®œi f el JÛ «f¯/

gaz ¡ f¯
c ¡ f¯ $hjf ½¬ g¬nt W ¸uf¡ f¯ ru uhºÁ ¬ c ¯ s jh¬. Õ¡ f¯
¿w¨¿nyna C « ½Âgt uhf , U¨Ö«f¯ . t h®œi fÁ ¬ ¾i wa kh°w¡ fS ©.
m ½fkhd ¿uahz ¡ fS © bjhŬ r©k§j¨g¤ljhf , UœF©. , J jÄ u¢
R°W yh k°W © nfÆ œi f¨ nghœfhd ¿ uahz K © yhgkÆ œF©/$hjf ½¬
¸uf¡ f¯ m L jL J©. ´ ½u uhºÁ Y © , U¨gjh¬. ¿uahz ½¬
eh¤lÀ¬yhjt uhf fhz ¨gLÛ «f¯ / nkY © c ¡ f¯ bjhÅY © c ¡ fi s ¨
¿uahz ¡ fÆ ¬ <LgL jhJ/

m ½«³ lÎ f¬
ºt ¨‡ ghº vd ¨gL©. ¡ fh v± w f¬ e± i ki a jU©/ 8 K j¬ 12 uh ½
ºf¨‡ ghºi a vL J bt ¯Æ Á ¬ nkh½u© brªJ t yJi f nkh½uÄ uà ¬.
br t hªœ ¸Hi k ¿°gfY œF nk¬ m ¼ t J e¬yJ/

Ä i y Fi wt hd kh°W œ f¬. º§J} m Ïœ. v± w f¬i y bt ¯ Æ m ¬yJ

jhÀu ½¬ nkh½u© m ¼ t J e¬yJ/

nkh½u i j m ¼ ˆ© bghG J , §j k§½u c ¢rhld © c a«§jJ/

jh¼ f«¨g r©˜ j©.
Cecil Gupta
² 36

Ä ˆ fh§½ rk¨¿ug© Fkhu© rœ½

Q ´ j© r k¡ fs © ¿uz kh©aQ ©/

, ½¬ FǨ¿l¨g¤L¯s m ½«³ lœ f°fÆ ± vi lˆ© M ¥ fS œF k¤Lnk

bg¥ fS œF 3-4 m ¬yJ 1-2 ghf© Fi w J©. FH§i jf¯ - ºW t «fS œF
1-2 m ¬yJ 1-3 ghf© Fi wœf‰ ©/
Cecil Gupta
² 37

¸uQ ¡ fÆ ± m o¨gi lÁ ¬ ´ jhd m i k¨‡

yœd ¨gy±
c ¡ fS i la yœd © nk\ ©/ yœd h½g½ brí t hª c ¡ f¯ $hjfì½°F Àf¢
ºw§j nahf fhufd ht h± / nk\ yœd 콬 ¿w§jt «f¯ rhjhuz khfnt ºÇJ
f«t K © m f©ght K © c i lat «f¯ jh± / m ¡ fhuf± M ½œf콬 ¿w§jt «f¯
v± gjh¬ bfh£ r© N lhd t «f¯/ Ra Rj§½uìi j m ½fkhfnt Ä U©‡t «f¯ /
Àf‰ © RW RW ¨ghf , a¡ Fgt «f¯/ vi jaht J rh½œf nt ¥ L© v± w
bt ÇÁ ¬ t h®œi fi aˆ©. bjhÅi yˆ© M uhª¢º brªÛ «f¯/ c ¡ f¯
f¥ nz h¤l© M œf ˜ «t khf‰ ©. c ¡ f¯ v½«gh«¨‡f¯
¾ahakhd jhf‰ ©jh± , UœF©/ m sÄ l K oahj RW RW ¨‡©. gugu¨‡©.
Àf c W ½ahd knd hgyK ©. rhji d f¯ brªa nt ¥ L© v± w M «t K ©
c i lat «f¯ Õ¡ f¯/ c ¡ fS i la c °rhf©. i jÂa©. ‡ì½rhà ìjd ©.
j± d ©¿œi f. m Âa Rj§½uœ fUìJœf¯ . ½lkhd K o‰ . jF§j neu콬
brªˆ© bra¬f¯ , t °Ç± c jÄ ah¬ bt °Çi a Rygkhfì bjh¤L
Ä LÛ «f¯ / Õ¡ f¯ e¬yt «f¯ jh± . M d hY © Raey t h½f¯.
K ± nfhgœfhu«f¯ j± brh§j kÈ j«fi s Ä nuh½ìJœ bfh¥ lhY ©
k°wt «fns hL Rygkhf c w‰ bfh¥ lhLÛ «f¯/ v§j xU Ä \ akhf
, U§jhY © Àf Ä i uÄ ¬ f¥ lÇahji j f¥ L M ®§J m D gÄ ¨Ö«f¯ /
c ¡ f¯ rhji d fS ©. i jÂaK © ¿wuh¬ ghuh¤l¨gL© ‡fH¨gLÛ «f¯ /

, uhºÁ ¬ ¸uQ ¡ fÆ ± gy±

N Âa±
flf콬 N Âa± m i k§J¯s $hjf© c ¡ fS i laJ/ Õ¡ f¯ m lœfkhd t «/
M d h¬ bg°nwhi uˆ© c wÄ d i uˆ© ¿ §J , Uœf neÂL©/ Õ¡ f¯
c °rhfkhd t «/ M i fah¬ e¥ g«f¯ eLÄ ¬ Àf¨ ‡f® bgW Û «f¯ / m oœfo
, l© khW © ¾i y V°g¤lhY ©. bjhÅÃ Y ©. br¬t © r©ghì½aì½Y ©
m ½«³ lkhd t «/ ki d Ä -fz t ± ê y© g¼ ai t œf¨gLÛ «f¯ /
t h®œi fÁ ¬ xU fhy콬 t hˆ c gìut ìjh¬ gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯ / M fnt
m i j t UK ± fhœF©go v¢rÂœi fahf , Uœf nt ¥ L©/

‡j±
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 ‡j± ÀJd 콬 , Uœ¸wh± / Õ¡ f¯ Àf¢ ºw§j m Çt hÆ /
, yœ¸a¨g¼ Á Y ©. f°gi d ì Ji wÁ Y © Àf M «t khf <LgLÛ «f¯ /
m nef e¥ g«fS ©. nt ¥ oat «fS © fz œ¸± Ç , U§jhY ©. Àf¢ ºynu
bt F fhy© ÕoìJ e¥ guhf , U¨gh«f¯ / gy bgÂa kÈ j«fS lD ©. bgÂa
´ jhgd ¡ fS lD ©. vG ìJ¨ nghœF t uìJ , UœF©/ c ¡ f¯ vG ìJœf¯
gì½Âi ffÆ ¬ ¿uRukhF©/ bjhŬ Ä \ a콬 m nef gaz ¡ f¯ c ¥ L/
Cecil Gupta
² 38

, lkh°wK © c ¥ L/ k°w v¬yh Ä jì½Y © Õ¡ f¯ r§njh\ ©

m E gÄ ìjhY ©. ght ©. jhª Ä \ a콬 k¤L© c ¡ fS œF r§njh\ © m ÂJ /

Rθu±
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 Rœ¸u± Â\ g콬 , Uœ¸wh± / m J $hjfUœF m Hfhd
c Ut © bfhLìjhY ©. c au© m ½fkhf , UœfhJ/ , J Àf‰ © m ½«³ lkhd
, lkhF©/ Õ¡ f¯ t «ìjf Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬ Àf‰ © yhgfukhf¢ bra¬gLÛ «f¯ /
bjÆ t hd f¥ fS ©. , jkhd Rght K ©. k°wt «fi s <«œF© ght i d fS ©.
c jÄ brªˆ© Fz K ©. kÈ j neaK ¯s , jaK © gi lìj Õ¡ f¯/ ‡uhjz
E }¬fÆ Y ©. yà j fi yfÆ Y © M ®§j M «t © c i lat «f¯ / c ¡ fi s
r§½¨gt «f¯ kÂahi jnahL gHFt h«f¯ / ¾i w§j bghU¤ br¬t © c i la
Õ¡ f¯ m nef bg¥ FH§i jfi s m i lÛ «f¯ /

brí t hª
brí t hª f± È Á ¬ Û °ÇUœ¸wh«/ , J c ¡ fS œF br¬t ìi jˆ©/ ˜ «Û f
brhìJ m i lt i jˆ© m ¯ Æ œ bfhLœF©/ Õ¡ f¯ xU Ä j콬 f«Ä ahf‰ ©.
c z «¢º t r¨g¤lt uhf‰ ©. m t ruœfhuuhf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯ / c ¡ fi s ½U¨½
gLìJt J Àf‰ © fod ©/ M d h¬ T Âa ‡ì½ˆ©. r¡ nfh$ Rght K ©.
e± d lìi jˆ© c ¡ fS œF m ½f©/ ‡j± e¬y , l콬 m k«§½U§jh¬. Õ¡ f¯
ÀF§j ‡ì½rhà ahf. Ä i uÄ ¬ ‡Â§J bra¬gLgt uhf. vi jˆ© ¨uhœofyhª
gh«¨gt uhf‰ ©/ RW RW ¨ghf¢ bra¬gLgt uhf. M œf˜ «t khf nt i yfÆ ¬
rjh ê ®¸œfÆ ¨gt uhf , U¨Ö«f¯/ c ¡ f¯ yœd © F©gnkh ×d nkh
, U§jh¬. c ¡ f¯ fz t ± -ki d Ä njf ey© r©g§jkhd ft i yf¯ V°glœ
T L©/

FU
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 º©k콬 FU , U¨gjh¬. m J Àf c a«§j
´ jhd khi fah¬. c ¡ fi s¨ kfìjhd t uhf‰ © ehz a´ juhf‰ ©. c a«§j
y¤ºa¡ fi s c i lat uhf‰ © M œF©/ Õ¡ f¯ f«t K ©. i jÂaK ©. C œfK ©
c i lat «/ t hª$hy¡ f¯ ÀF§jt «. g¤l© gjÄ fS œfhf¨ ngh¤o
nghLÛ «f¯/ m ½ny c ¡ fsJ rhk«ì½aì½d h¬ K ± nd w‰ © brªÛ «f¯ /
ngh°wì jF§j c ¡ f¯ rhji d fS œfhf¨ ghuh¤l¨gLÛ «f¯ / Vuhskhd
br¬t © t §ji lˆ© T l¨¿ w§j rnfhju«f¯ FL©gì½d «/ FH§i jfnshL
r§njh\ khf m E gÄ ¨Ö«f¯ /

rÈ
rÈ º©k콬 , Uœ¸wJ/ c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 c ¡ fS œF N Âa± e¬y
´ jhd 콬 , ¬yh Ä ¤lh¬ Õ¡ f¯ m nef , i l™ W fi s ¢ r§½œf neÂL©/
nehª behoahY ©. ki d Ä . kœf¯ R°wìjhnuhL kd ´ jhg¡ fs hY ©
Cecil Gupta
² 39

f³ l¡ f¯ gy neU©/ c ¡ fs J nt i yah¤fS © rf bjhÅyhs «fS ©

c ¡ fÆ l© Ä nuh½ìJœ bfh¯t h«f¯/ Õ¡ f¯ e¬y gjÄ Á à U§jhY ©.
jhuhs khd t uhd hY ©. t h®œi f¨ gÂi | Á ¬ i jÂaÀ¬yhjt «/ v½«œfœT oa
bj©¿¬yhjt «. Õ¡ f¯ eu©‡ , G i t ahY © m ¬yJ f¥ nehahY ©
gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯/ Õ¥ l r¥ i l r¢ru‰ fsh¬/ t HœF Ä t fhu¡ f¯
fhyt i uÁ ± Ç , G gL©/

r§½u±
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 r§½u± Ä U¢ºf콬 , U¨gjh¬/ c ¡ f¯ $± k uhº
Ä U¢ºfkhF©. m ¨‡ ¸uQ khd brí t hª Ä U¢ºfì½°F m ½g½ ´ ½u uhºˆ©.
f£ rìjd K ©. gy± jU©/ bg¥ ¸uQ khd brí t hÁ ± M ½gìa© c ¡ f¯
kd ¨nghœF ºy Fz h½ra¡ f¯ ê y© bt Æ ¨gL©/ Ä U¢ºf콬 , UœF©
r§½u± , u¥ L¡ bf¤lhd hfœ fUj¨gL©/ r§½uD œF nf§½uì½nyh m ¬yJ
ne« gh«i t Á nyh. rÈ nah. brí t hnah , U§jh¬. Õ¡ f¯ t hœF
t hjœfhuuhf‰ ©. m t ruœfhÂa© brªgt uhf‰ ©. xG ¡ Ïd khd t uhf‰ ©
fhz ¨gLÛ «f¯/ ki wÄ l¡ fÆ ¬ ºy rka© nehª jhœF©. , i lÄ lhj
t Åahf m t ´ i j¨gLÛ «f¯ / M d h¬ r§½u± . FU m ¬yJ Rœ¸und hL
nr«§½U§jhnyh m ¬yJ gh«œf¨g¤lhnyh Õ¡ f¯ ÀF§j ghœ¸at h± fs hf
, U¨Ö«f¯/ v¨nghJ© ºÂìj K fìnjhL c °rhfkhf , U¨Ö«f¯/ gz ©
r©gh½¨g½¬ bt °Ç njo t U©/ c ¡ fÆ ¬ gyUœF t «ìjf© ºw¨ghf
m i kˆ© t «ìjfkhÁ ± gyUœF¨ ga± gL¸w gyuhY © M jÂœf¨gL¸w
gz © jU© RW RW ¨ghd Ä ahghukhf m i kˆ©/

uhF
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 uhF , UœF© , l© flf©. c ¡ f¯ $± k yœd © Jyh©
m ¬yJ Â\ gkhd h¬. , J e¬y ´ jhd ©jh± / M d h¬ F©g yœd khd h¬
fz t ± -ki d Ä c l¬ ey© gh½œf¨gL©/ r§½u± Rgfhufd hf , U§jhnyh.
FU. Rœ¸u± gh«ìjhnyh c ¡ f¯ ¾½ ¾i yi k e± F K ± nd °w© V°gL©/
J}unjr¡ fÆ Ã U§J©. m a¬eh¤oà U§J© yhgfukhd br¬t t u‰ V°gL©/
ght ¸uQ ¡ f¯ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah bg°w uhF. c ¡ fS œF gyÄ jkhd
f³ l¡ fi sˆ©. g¬nt W fhuz ¡ fsh¬ , i l™ W fi sˆ© bfhL¨gh«/

nfJ
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 nfJ kfu콬 , Uœ¸wh± / c ¡ f¯ b$± k yœd © Jyh©
m ¬yJ ×d khf , U§jh¬ , J Àf‰ © c ± d jkhd , lkhF©/ M d h¬
c ¡ f¯ yœd © kfukhf , U§jh¬ c ¡ f¯ fz t «-ki d Ä Á ± njfey©. ºÇJ
ft i y m Æ ¨gjhf , UœF©/ rÈ gy© bg°ÇU§jhnyh. FUnt h m ¬yJ
Rœ¸und h gh«ìjhnyh. c ¡ f¯ ¾½ ¾i y Àf‰ © c aU©/ m a¬ eh¤L
Ä ahghu© yhgfukhf , UœF©/ brí t hnahL nr«§jh¬ Àf¨ bgÂa
Cecil Gupta
² 40

khÆ i fÁ ¬ t º¨Ö«f¯ / N Âand h. r§½und h nfJ‰ œF¨ gœf콬 , U§jh¬

Õ¡ f¯ Fz khœf K oahj nehah¬ Öoœf¨gLÛ «f¯ / gyÄ jkhd t ÅfÆ Y ©
, i l™ W f¯ V°g¤L bjh§ju‰ fsh¬ f³ l¨gLÛ «f¯/

ˆnud ´
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 ˆnud ´ JyhÀ¬ , Uœ¸wh«/ c ¡ fS œF FL©g
t h®œi fÁ ¬ m ½f <LghL c ¥ L/ c ¯ s ì½± M H콬 v¨nghJ© fhj¬
c z «‰ t r¨gLÛ «f¯ / , U¨¿D © brh¬Y œF© braY œF© eLÄ ¬ v§jÄ j
nt W ghL© , ¬yhk¬ m s§J m o vLìJ i t ¨Ö«f¯/ bt F Rygkhf
k°wt «fi s fh§j© ngh¬ j± gœf© ft «§½U¨Ö«f¯ / M d h¬
bt FÄ i uÄ nyna gi Ha c wÄ ¬ <LghL Fi w§J ‡½a c wi t ì njo¢
br¬Û «f¯/ bt Æ Ä i sah¤LœfÆ ¬ M «t © m ½f©/ Û ¤o¬ , UœF©nghJ
m œf¨gœfì½d i u¨ gh«ìJ , œfi uœF m œfi u g¢i r v± gj°¸z ¡ f
¾i d ‰ f¯ njh± W ©/

be¨o™ ±
Ä U¢ºf uhºÁ ¬ , UœF© be¨¤™ ± / FU‰ lnd h m ¬yJ Rœ¸uD lnd h
nr«§½U§jh¬ m ¬yJ gh«œf¨g¤lh¬/ c ¡ fs J c ¯ m lj m ½fÂœF©/
bjªÛ f rœ½ bg°W v½«fhyìi jœ f¼ œF© ½wi k bgW Û «f¯ / M d h¬
m nj be¨¤™ ± ght œfuQ ¡ f¯ nr«œi fah¬ gh½œf¨g¤lh¬.
K u¤Lìjud khd njh°wK © ghY z «Ä ± m ½f¨‡©. bgUi kÁ ±
m ½f¨‡©. ga¡ fu nfhgK © c i lat «f¯ M fì njh°wkÆ ¨Ö«f¯ /

‡„ ¤nlh
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 ‡„ ¤nlh f± È Á ¬ , Uœ¸wh± / Õ¡ f¯ x¬Ã ahd t «/
½lfhì½ukhd rÙut hF c i lat «/ c l¬ t hi f¨ ng& t ½¬ t ¬yt «/ ‡j±
e¬y ´ jhd © bg°whnyh m ¬yJ FUnt h. Rœ¸und hL ‡„ ¤nlh
nr«§jhnyh. gh«i t bg°whnyh j± i d ¨ g°Ç Õ¡ f¯ Àf c a«t hf
¾i d ¨Ö«f¯/ M d h¬ brí t hnah/ rÈ nah nf§½u콬 , U§jhnyh.
nr«§½U§jhnyh c ¡ f¯ fUìJœfi s x¨‡œ bfh¯ s hjt «fi s ˆ©. c ¡ f¯
nghœi f Ä U©ghjt «fi sˆ© Àu¤Lt J©. J± ‡W ìJt J© c ¡ f¯ Rght ©/
Cecil Gupta
² 41

ght ì½± m o¨gi lÁ yhd gy±

yœd h½g½ 1
c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 yœnd r± 6t J Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh«/ , J nuhf´ jhd ©
v± W m i Hœf¨gL©/ , §j ´ jhd 콬 Fl¬‡¥ . fha¡ f¯ . nt ¥ lhj
c wÄ d «f¯. ½Ul«f¯. Ä nuh½f¯. ‡$¡ f¯. bf¤l ‡ì½. ght ©. ga©
m t khd © m i t ba¬yh© m l¡ F©/ c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 ìu± rh©a©
, ¬i yna¬. Õ¡ f¯ nk°brh± d i t f¯ Vjht J x¯ DZ ê y©
m t ½¨gLÛ «f¯ / c ¡ fS i la $± k yœd © Jyh© m ¬yJ Â\ gkhf
, U§jh¬ M wh© Û ¤o± Ä \ a콬 Õ¡ f¯ m ½«³ l rhà f¯ / Vbd ± wh¬
c ¡ f¯ yœnd r± c ¢rkhfnt h. brh§j Û ¤o¬ M ¤º bg°nwh , U¨gh±
, ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬. , J nfht ìi jì jU© Û ¤o¬ c ¡ f¯ yœd h½g½
ght ¸uQ khf , U§jh¬ Ä nuh½fs h¬ r¡ fl¨gLÛ «f¯ / jhªt Å
c wÄ d «fnshL kd ´ jhg¡ f¯ V°gL©/ M d h¬ ngh¤oì nj«‰ fÆ ¬
bt °Çˆ©. ngh¤ofÆ ny b$aK © m i lÛ «f¯/ c ¡ f¯ yœnd r±
, a°i fÁ nyna ght œuQ khf , U§jh¬. Õ¡ f¯ i jÂarhà f¯ jh± / M d h¬
nehª behoœF©/ ½U¤LœF© M s hÛ «f¯ / c ¡ f¯ yœd h½g½ RgœuQ ìnjhL
nr«§½U§jhnyh. gh«œf¨g¤lhnyh. e¬y t Ukhd © ¸i lœF©/ brŨghd
t h®œi f m i kˆ©. M d h¬ ght œuQ ìnjhL r©g§j¨g¤lh¬ flD œF¯
¿ogLÛ «f¯ / gi ft «f¯ gaK ©. ehY ngUœF K ± d h¬
m t khd ¨gL©goahd ¾i yˆ©. ºyrka콬 Ä gìJœfS © V°gL©/

2© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

jd ´ jhd kh¸a 2M © Û ¤o¬ m j± m ½g½na c ¤fh«§½Uœ¸wh± / , J Àf¢
ºw§j jd nahfkhF©/ , u¥ lh© , lìi j¢ nr«§j v¬yh gy± fi sˆ©
K °ÇY © m i lÛ «f¯ / brhìJ . FL©g©. ng¢R. go¨‡. br¬t ©. c z ‰ . Õ«.
m E gt ¡ f¯ K jà ai t , §j nr«œi f M nuhœ¸aì½°F fz t ± -ki d Ä
njf eyD œF© Àf‰ © K œ¸akhd J/ yœd h½g½ˆ© 2M © , l콬
, U§jhnyh m ¬yJ xU RgœuQ © 2© Û ¤L m ½g½nahL nr«§½U§jhnyh.
gh«ìjhnyh. jd ìi j m ¯Æ œ bfhLœF© 2M © Û ¤L m ½g½Á ± gy© Àf
m ½fÂœF©/ FUnt h Rœ¸und h 2M © ght ½g½nahL T o , U§jh¬. xU
t i u Àf c ± d j ¾i yœF c a«ìJ©/ 2M © ght ½g½nahL ght œuQ
r©g§j© , ¬yh Ä ¤lh¬ ne«i kahd K i wÁ ¬ br¬t © t §ji lˆ©/
rÈ nah. nfJnt h 2M © ght ½g½œF m U¸¬ , U§jh¬ t Ukhd ìi j , W œ¸¨
¿oœF©/ FL©gì½d Âi lna kd ìjh¡ fi yˆ©. r¥ i li aˆ© V°gLìJ©/
brí t hnah. uhFnt h m U¸¬ 2M © ght ½ g½nahL , U§jh¬ ÀF§j V°w
jh®‰ fi sœ bfhLœF©/ K lœfkhd . ¿oœf¨g¤l ¸uQ nr«œi f 2M ©
Û ¤o¬ , U¨¿± m J Ä ah½i aœ FÇœF©/ m §j ¸uQ © v§j m t aì½°F
m ½g½nah m §j m t a© gh½œf¨gL©/
Cecil Gupta
² 42

3© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

ê ± wh© Û ¤LœFÂa ¸uQ © ê ± Ǭ ´ t n| ì½ukhf , U§jh¬ i jÂa
´ jhd © v± wi Hœf¨gL©/ , §j , l© gy© bgW ¸wJ/ i jÂa©. Û u©.
rhf! © , i t fi sì jÄ u , §j Û L. t yJ fhJ. ‡$¡ f¯. njh¯ . , i sa
rnfhju«f¯. jhah«f¯ . c wÄ d «f¯. e¥ g«f¯ . ºW ¿ uahz ¡ f¯ . brª½f¯ .
jgh¬ nghœFt uìJ. vG ìJœf¯ M ¸ai t m l¡ F©/ c ¡ f¯ yœd h½g½
ê ± wh© Û ¤o¬ , U§jhnyh. ê ± wh© Û ¤i l¨ gh«ìjhnyh. ê ± wh© Û ¤o¬
RgœuQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah , U§jhnyh. nk°T Ça ê ± wh©
Û ¤LœFÂa v¬yh Ä \ a¡ fÆ Y © e± i ki a¨ bgW Û «f¯ / xU ght ¸uQ ©
ê ± Ǭ c ¢rnkh. M ¤ºnah bgwh Ä ¤lh¬. Õ¡ f¯ i jÂa rhà ahf
, U¨Ö«f¯/ M d h¬ c ¡ f¯ , i s a rnfhju«fÆ ± M nuhœ¸a©. Rf©
gh½œf¨gL©/ khwhf Rakhfnt Rg© jU© ¸uQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah
ºw§j , i s a rnfhju«fi s ¨ bgW Û «f¯/ R°wìjhnuhL RK f c w‰
bfh¯Û «f¯/ ne«khwhf ght œuQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah , i s a rnfhju«
c wi t ˆ©. R°wìjh± c wi t ˆ© Àf‰ © gh½œF© FU ¸uQ ì½± gh«i t
ÀfìÔÄ ukhd ¾i yÁ ¬ , U§jh¬ rnfhju c w‰ bf¤L. K ǧJ ¿ÂÄ ¬
K oˆ©/ v¤lh© Û ¤l½gi d Ä l ê ± wh© ´ jhd h½g½ gy© Fi wt hf
, U§jh¬ ˜ uz M ˆ¯ ¸¤L©/ M gìJœf¯ ne«t J© Àf‰ © Fi wˆ©/

4© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

4t J Û ¤L m ½g½ M ˆ¯´ jhd kh¸a v¤lh©Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± / Õ¡ f¯
K œ¸akhf¨ ghy¡ fi sœ flœF© nghnjh. M ¥ fs hf , U¨¿± Õ«¾i yf¯ .
e½f¯ , i t f¯ ×J gaz © brªˆ© nghnjh. flœF© nghnjh Àf
v¢rÂœi fahf , Uœf nt ¥ L©/ Õ¬ ê ®f m gha© V°g¤L , s i kœ fhy
m fhykuz © V°gL© ga© c ¥ L m J‰ © nk\ yœd khd h¬ 4M ©
Û ¤l½g½ r§½u± Õ¢r© bgW t jh¬. $hjf콬 nt W gÂfhu¡ f¯
, U§jhbyhÅa Àf nkhrkhd , lkhF©/ FUnt h m ¬yJ Rœ¸und h v¤lh©
Û ¤o¬ , U§jh¬ m ¬yJ gh«ìjh¬ f¥ l© j¨¿¨Ö«f¯ / M d h¬ v¤lh©
Û ¤o¬ ght ¸uQ © , U§jh¬ ne« v½« gy± jh± ¸i lœF©/ r§½u±
ght œuQ ìnjhL T onah m ¬yJ gh«i t nah bg°ÇU§jh¬ c ¡ f¯ kd ¾©k½
m onahL bf¤LÄ L©/ jhah± c l¬¾i y ÀF§j ft i yœF , lkhF©/
‡j± bf¤oU§jh¬ g¯ Æ ¨go¨¿¬ ji l c ¥ lhF©/ ‡j± e± whf , U§jh¬
bjhŬ Ji wœ f¬Ä Á ¬ c a«g¤l© bgW Û «f¯/ k§½u rh´ ½u¡ fÆ ¬ M «t ©
fh¤LÛ «f¯/ brí t hª ghÄ nahL nr«§jhnyh. gh«œf¨g¤lhnyh FL©g콬
r¥ i lf¯ c ¥ lhF©/ gyt §jkhd m gf¨ghY ©. t HœFfÆ ¬
r©g§j¨g¤L©. Jœf r©gt ¡ fs hY © brhìi j , Hœf neÂL©/

5© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 5© Û ¤lh½g½ 4© Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± / 4© Û L
Rf´ jhd khF©/ 4© Û L K œ¸akhf f¬Ä i aˆ©. 5© Û L ‡ì½rhà ìjd ©./
rhJÂaìi jˆ© FǨgjh¬ Õ¡ f¯ ‡ì½rhà / ½wi krhà ahf , U¨gnjhL ºw§j
c a«f¬Ä bg°W bgU© g¤ljhÂfs hf Ä s ¡ FÛ «f¯ / 5© Û ¤nlh± 4¬
Cecil Gupta
² 43

, U¨gjh¬ c a« bjhŬ f¬Ä m i kˆ©/ m njhL ‡jD © T o Ä ¤lh¬

bga« bg°w f¬Ä ¾i yaì½Ã U§J bfs ut khd g¤l© x± i w¨ bgW Û «f¯ /
5t J Û L bjhŬ c a«i t œ FÇœF©/ 4t J Û ¤oà U§J gh«i t bjhŬ
´ jhd kh¸a 10© Û ¤o¬ gLt jh¬ c ì½nahfì½ny ºw§j c a«gjÄ i a
t ¸¨Ö«f¯/ 11© Û ¤l½g½ˆ© e¬y , lì½Ã U§jh¬. Rgœ¸uQ nr«œi fnah.
gh«i t nah 4© Û L. 5© Û L m ¬yJ 11t J Û ¤o°Fœ ¸i lìjh¬. gjÄ .
m ½fhu©. br¬t hœF. t Ukhd © ¾i w§j nt i yÁ ¬ nr«§J. m §j¨ gjÄ Á ±
v¬yh e± i kfi sˆ© bg°W vt bu´ i lì bjhLÛ «f¯ / 4© Û L v± gJ
5t J Û ¤o°F 12t J , lkhF©/ m J Ä ua´ jhd ©. Õ¡ f¯ M ¥ fs hd h¬
‡ì½ughœ¸a© ji l¨gL©/ m njhL 4© Û ¤l½g½ ghÄ ahfnt h m ¬yJ 5©
Û ¤o¬ ght œ¸uQ © , U§jhnyh r§jhd ghœ¸a© ¸i l¨gJ Àf‰ © J«gy©/
uhFnt h. nfJnt h 5© Û ¤o¬ , U§jh¬. f¬Ä nf¯ Ä " hd 콬 ºw§J
c a«g¤l© gjÄ bg°whY ©. FH§i j¨ ngW Àf‰ © f³ lkhf , UœF©/
bg¥ FH§i jf¯ m ½fkhf¨ bgW Û «f¯/

6© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 6© Û ¤nlh± Ä œuk´ jhd © v± W m i Hœf¨gL©. 3©
Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh«/ bf¤lt ± bf¤o¬ ¸¤oL© uh$nahf© v± gh«f¯ /
m Jngh¬ bf¤l ´ jhd khd 6© Û ¤nlh± k°bwhU bf¤l ´ jhd kh¸a 3©
Û ¤o¬ , U¨gjh¬ j± brh§j Û ¤oD i la Ôa gy± fi sˆ©. , UœF©
Û ¤o¬ Ôa ga± fi sˆ© bfLìJ e°gy± fs hœF¸wh± / Õ¡ f¯ ½Obu± W .
gh«ìjt «f¯ ¿uÀìJ ê œ¸¬ Ä ui y i t œF© m sÄ °F c a«‰ m i lÛ «f¯/
c ì½nahf콬 jF½œF ×Ça c a«‰ f¯ ¸¤L©. c ¡ f¯ ½wi kˆ©/
rhji d ˆ© ghuh¤l¨gL©. ½w§j bt Æ Ä i s ah¤LfÆ Y ©. jlfs
Ä i sah¤LfÆ Y © e¬y bga« t h¡ FÛ «f¯ / ºy rê f¨ g¼ fÆ ¬
RW RW ¨ghf <Lg¤L. c ¡ fS i la m Âa K a°ºfs hY ©. rhji d fshY ©
v¬nyhuJ gh«i t ˆ© c ¡ f¯ gœf© ½U©‡©/ k½¨‡© kÂahi jˆ© T L©/
, s © t a½ny c wÄ d «fns h. rfghofnsh c jt kh¤lh«f¯/ ¿ °fhy콬
m t «f¯ bghwhi kœF© , yœfhf neÂL©/ M d h¬ 3© Û ¤o¬ Rgœ¸uQ ©
, U§jhnyh gh«ìjhnyh Õ¡ f¯ xU ¿uRufìnjhL r©g§j¨g¤oU¨Ö«f¯ /
m ¡ F Õ¡ f¯ fbu´ gh± bl± ¤. (foj© vG Jnt h«) vG ìjhs« m ¬yJ
M ºÂauhf¨ g¼ ah°W Û «f¯ / , Jnt 6© , lkhd h¬ c ¡ f¯ v½«fhyœ
fd ‰ f¯ ¾i wnt W ©/ º©k yœd œfhu«fS œF 6© ´ jhd h½g½ rÈ 3¬
c ¢rki l¸wh± / m jd h¬ Àf¢ ºw¨ghd gy± f¯ ¸i lœF©. M d h¬ rÈ
t œfuki l§jhnyh r§½uD © 3¬ , U§jhnyh c ¡ f¯ jhah± c l¬ ey©
gh½œf¨gL©/

7© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

7t J Û ¤nlh± jd ´ jhd © v± W bga« bg°w 2© Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± /
c ¡ f¯ yœd © nk\ nkh. Jyhnkh M d h¬ 7© Û ¤l½g½na 2© Û ¤LœF©
c i lat ± M ¸wh± / 2M © ´ jhd h½g½ 2M © ght ì½nyna , U¨gJ
FL©g©. br¬t © M ¸ai t fS œF m ½«³ lkhd jhF©/ RW RW ¨ghd brh§j
Cecil Gupta
² 44

Ä ahghu콬 Àf yhg© m i lÛ «f¯/ FUnt h m ¬yJ Rœ¸und h 2© Û ¤o¬

, U§jhnyh. gh«ìjhnyh 7© Û ¤l½g½ˆ© Rg¸uQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah
bg°whnyh. t HœF Ä t fhu¡ f¯ ê y© yhg© m i lÛ «f¯ / ne«khwhf 2M ©
, lì½Y © 7© , lì½Y © ght œ¸uQ © , U§jhnyh. gh«ìjhnyh. rÈ nah.
nfJnt h 4t J m ¬yJ 8t J Û ¤o¬ , U§jhnyh v½« gy± f¯ (Ôa
gy± f¯) Ä i sˆ©/ flf© yœd khd h¬ 7 M © Û ¤l½g½na v¤lh©
Û ¤LœF© c i lat ± M ¸a 8M © Û ¤i l¨ gh«¨gjh¬ r¡ fl¡ fns
, ¬yhj Õ¥ l M ˆ¯ bfh¥ l t h®œi fi a m E gÄ ¨Ö«f¯/ k°w
, l¡ fÆ ¬. 7t J Û L© 2M © Û L© khuf´ jhd khi fah¬. e°gy±
Ä i s ahJ khuf± k°bwhU khuf´ jhd 콬 , U¨gjh¬ M nuhœ¸aœ nfLf¯
Ä i sˆ©/ 7M © Û ¤nlh± ght œ¸uQ khd h¬. m t ± 2M © Û ¤o¬
, U¨gjh¬ f¥ gh«i t gh½œf¨gL©/ N Âand h m ¬yJ r§½und h
ght œ¸uQ ìnjhL nr«§JÄ ¤lh¬ f¥ gh«i t nkhrkh¸Ä L©/ uhFnt h.
nfJnt h 2M © Û ¤o¬ , U§jh¬ ga¡ fuœ FL©g¢ r¥ i lf¯ V°g¤L
¿ÂÄ i d Á ¬ nghª K oˆ©/ c ¡ f¯ yœd © kufkhd h¬. uìj m G ìj nehª
njh± W ©/ m njhL fhà ± ¿± ghf¡ fÆ ny Õ« f¤o fhà ¬ Û œf© V°gL©/

8© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 v¤lh© ´ jhd h½g½ M wh© Û ¤oà Uœ¸wh± / nrhfìi jì
jÄ u M wh© , l© g¼ f¯. fhy¡ f¯ , i t fi s œ FÇœF© bghJ
ga¡ fukhd v¤lht J ´ jhd © bjhÅà ¬ r‰ . Ju½³ l¡ f¯ M gìJfS ©.
Ä gìJœfS © m jd h¬ V°gL© e³ l¡ fi s ˆ© FÇœF©/ , U¨¿D © , J
, u¤i l¨ g¤l ´ jhd khi fah¬. xU ´ jhd h½g½ k°bwhU , u¤i l¨g¤l
´ jhd 콬 , UœF©nghJ e¬ynahfìi jna bfhL¨gh± / ½Obu± W xU
c a«‰ fh¥ Ö«f¯/ c ¡ fS œF¢ ºw§j y¤ºa¡ f¯ , UœF© m i j Vnjh xU
t ÅÁ ¬ ¾i wnt °Çœ bfh¯s Ä U©‡Û «f¯ / ¿wi u gaK W ì½ ahi uˆ©
y¤ºa© brªahk¬. v½«¨nghi u xJœ¸ìj¯ Æ Ä ¤L K ± nd Ç Ä LÛ «f¯ /
gi ft «fi s Õ¡ f¯ bt °Ç bfh¥ lhY © m t «f¯ ½i u ki wÄ ¬ c ¡ fi s ì
jhœf r§j«¨gìi j v½«gh«ìJœ bfh¥ nl fhì½U¨gh«f¯/ M i fah¬ Õ¡ f¯
K ± $hœ¸ui jahf , Uœf nt ¥ L©/ xnugoahf x¤Lt i jˆ© bfh£ r©
¾W 콜 bfh¯s nt ¥ L©/ xU Rgœ¸uQ © 6t J m ¬yJ v¤lht J
Û ¤onyh , U§jhnyh. gh«ìjhnyh vˆ© beU¨¿¬ v¥ i z Ä ¤lJ ngh¬
Ôi k m ½fÂœF© 8t J ´ jhd © 7t J , lì½Ã U§J 2t J ´ jhd kht jh¬
6t J Û L 7© ´ jhd ì½Ã U§J 12t J , lkht jh¬ ki d Ä -fz t « ê ynkh
m ¬yJ Ä ahghuœ T ¤lhÆ f¯ ê ynkh yhg© bgW Û «f¯/

9© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

9© Û ¤o¬ 5t J ´ jhd h½g½ , U¨gJ Àf¢ ºw§j ghœ¸akhF©/ Õ¡ f¯
ºw§j ‡ì½rhà ahf‰ © e¬y " hgf rœ½ c ¯ s t uhf‰ © c a«§j
go¨ghsuhf‰ ©. g¬nt W Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬ m Ôj " hÈ ahf‰ © Ä s ¡ FÛ «f¯ /
Õ¡ f¯ fi yì Ji wÁ ¬ ºw§J Ä s ¡ FÛ «f¯ / N Âa± gy© bg°wh¬
j§i jah¬ ºw§j ngW m i lÛ «f¯/ brí t hÁ ± gy© ºw§j , i sa
Cecil Gupta
² 45

rnfhju«fi sœ bfhLœF©/ FU gykhd ´ jhd © bg°wh¬ e¬y FH§i jfi s

m i lÛ «f¯ / 9© Û ¤l½g½ 9© Û ¤o¬ M ¤º bg°whnyh m ¬yJ 5© Û ¤o¬
, U§jhnyh. e°gy± f¯ g± kl¡ F m ½fÂœF©/ t h®œi f K G t J©
bjªt gy© Àf Ä nr\ khfì Ji z , UœF©/ rÈ , §j , u¥ L Û LfÆ ±
gh«i t Á ¬ , U¨gjhnyh r©g§j¨ g¤lhnyh N ®¾i yah¬ m G ìjK ©.
beUœfofS © c ¡ f¯ ×J Rkìj¨gL©/ e¬yJ bf¤lJ© fy§j gy± fns
¸i lœF©/ c ¡ f¯ yèd © º©k©. F©î© 9t J m ¬yJ 4t J ´ jhd ¦½nyh
, U§jh¬ bjhŬ r©k§jkhd f¬Ä îgÁ Y Û «f¯/ Ä U¢rf yè± © 9t J
´ jhd ¦½¬ ght è¸uf¦njhL nr«§njh.k°nwhU ght è¸uf© 5t J Û ¤o¬
, U§jh¬ c ¡ fS œF fod khd FH§i j ngW V°gL©/

10© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 10t J Û ¤l½g½ 5t J Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± / , J Àf¢
ºw§j ˜ «t ‡¥ ¼ a´ jhd khF©/ 5t J ´ jhd h½g½ 5t J ©°W © 10t J
v± W , u¥ L , l¦½¬ bghW §½Á Uîgjh¬ Õ¡ f¯ e¬y c a«t hd ¾i yi a
m i lÛ «f¯ / c ¡ f¯ bjhŬ nfÆ èi f k°W © ´ nghFny\ ±
r©k§jîg¤ljhf , UèF©/10t J ´ jhd h½g½ nf¦½u¦½nyh m ¬yJ
½Âènfh¥ ¦½nyh , U§jh¬ Õ¡ f¯ e¬y nahf fhud hÛ «f¯ /flf© k°W ©
kfu© , a°èi fÁ nyh m j± brh§jÛ ¤o¬ , U§jh¬ nahf fhud hÛ «f¯ /‡j±
e¬y , l¦½¬ , U§jh¬ Õ¡ f¬ bjhŬ r©k§jkhd f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯ / rÈ
brç t hª k°W © uhF 5t J Û ¤o¬ , U§jh¬ Õ¡ f¯ bghÇÁ a¬ m ¬yJ
, a§½u© r©k§jkhd f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯ / ‡j± , U§jh¬ fz èFf¯
r©k§jkhd f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯/FU. Rè¸u± , U§jh¬ t èϬ r©k§jkhd
f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯/N Âa± , U§jh¬ nkyh± i k r©k§jkhd f¬Ä
gÁ Y Û «f¯/r§½u± , U§jh¬ kU¦Jt © r©k§jkhd f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯/nfJ
, U§jh¬ f¼ îbghÇ r©k§jkhd f¬Ä gÁ Y Û «f¯ / 5t J Û ¤o¬ 5t J
´ jhd h½g½ˆ© k°W © FU m ¬yJ ‡j± , U§jhnyh gh«¦jhnyh Õ¡ f¯
Àf¢ºw§j m Çt hÅahf ½f®Û «f¯ /

11© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

11t J Û ¤l½g½ ˜ «t ‡¥ ¼ a´ jhd kh¸a 5t J Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± / , J
Àf¢ ºw§jjhF©/ Vbd ± wh¬ yhg´ jhd h½g½ahd 11© Û ¤LœFi lat ± j±
brh§j Û ¤i lna gh«¨gjh¬. m t D i la Ä nr\ khd m E œ¸uQ ¡ f¯
c ¡ fS œF m gÂÀjkhfnt ¸¤L©/ , J ºw§j ‡ì½rhà ìjd ìi jˆ©.
Ä nt fìi jˆ©. M jha© ¾i w§j bgÂa c ì½nahfìi jˆ© bfhLœF©/ bgÂa
kÈ j«f¯ eLÄ ¬ ¿ufhº¨Ö«f¯ / ´ bgFny\ ± K jÚLf¯ . ºÈ kh ngh± w
nfÆ œi fì bjhŬ Ji wf¯ M ¸ai t fÆ ¬ yhg© ¸i lœF©/ e¥ g«f¯ .
bj§jt «fÆ ± xU bgÂa T ¤lnk c ¡ fi s ¢ R°Ç , UœF©/ m t «f¯
c ¡ fS œF c jÄ œFœ i f bfhLœf v¨nghJ © jahuhf , U¨gh«f¯ / , §j
¸uQ ¾i y Àf¢ ºw§j r§jhd ghœ¸aìi jˆ© c ¡ fS œF m Æ œF©/ 5t J
Û L© gy©bg°W g£ rk ´ jhd 콬 Rgœ¸uQ ¡ f¯ nr«œi fnah. gh«i nt ha
, U§jh¬ c ìjk ‡ì½u«f¯ ¿w¨gh«f¯/ c ¡ fS i la kd © c gnahfkhd
º§ji d fi sœ bfh¥ ljhfnt , UœF©/ f°gi d fi s M ®§J Rgkhf
Cecil Gupta
² 46

gi lœf nt ¥ L© v± w M «t © ÀF§½UœF©/ Rœ¸u± gy© bg°ÇU§jh¬

yà jfi yfÆ ¬ ¾‡z ìJt © bgW Û «f¯/ ‡j± gy© bg°wh¬ Õ¡ f¯ f°gi d
t i yfi s¨ ¿± D Û «f¯/ c ¡ fS i la ngd hÄ ± rœ½ah¬ M Á uœfz œfhd .
y¤nrhg y¤r© kœfi sìj¤o vG ¨¿. º§½œf¢ brªÛ «f¯ /

12© Û ¤o¬ ght h½g½

˜ «t ‡¥ ¼ a ´ jhd kh¸a 5t J Û ¤o¬ 12t J Û ¤l½g½ , Uœ¸wh± /
12t J Û L v± gJ 5t J Û ¤oà U§J 8t J ´ jhd © M i fah¬. , J
FH§i j¨ ngW œF rhjfkhd , l© , ¬i y/ m njhL ´ bgFny\
K jÚLfÆ ¬ e³ lK © V°gL©/ , U¨¿D © g£ rkh½g½ brh§j Û ¤o¬
, U§jhY ©. m ¬yJ g£ rk´ jhd 콬 Rgœ¸uQ © , U§jhnyh. m i j¨
gh«ìjhnyh. ¾i yi k e¬ygoahf khÇÄ L©/ FU $± kyœd 콬 , U§J.
m ¬yJ 5t J m ¬yJ 9M t J Û ¤o¬ , U§jh¬ c ¡ fi s bt FJ}u©
ghJfhœF©/ ‡jD © gy© , H§J 5t J Û L© ght œ¸uQ ¡ fs hnyna
nr«œi fˆ© gh«i t ˆ© bg°W g£ rkh½g½ˆ© bf¤LÄ ¤lh¬. Õ¡ f¯ Àf¨
bgÂa Ä g콬 ºœ¸ j± ¾i d i t , H¨Ö«f¯/ " hgf rœ½na ki w§JÄ L©/
c ¡ fS œF ºw§j f°gi d t s © , U§jhY ©. Rœ¸uD © gy© bg°wh¬jh±
fi yìJi wfÆ Y ©. nfÆ œi fì bjhŬfÆ Y © K ± nd w K oˆ© c ¡ fS œF
fhj¬ m D gt © bgw nt ¥ L© v± ¸w m l¡ fhj M t ¬ V°gL©/ 5t J
Û ¤onyh m ¬yJ 7t J Û ¤onyh Rgœ¸uQ © , U§jhnyh m ¬yJ Vjht J
xU ´ jhd h½g½na ! ¨jk ´ jhd h½g½ahf‰ © M ¸wh± / m t ± 5¬
, U¨gjh¬ fhj¬ ½Ukz © V°glœT L©/

Û ¤o¬ ¸uQ ¡ fÆ ± gy±

N Âa±
N Âa± eh± fh© Û ¤o¬ , U¨gjh¬ ½œgyi d , H§J Ä L¸wh± / M i fah¬
t h®œi fÁ ¬ bfh£ r© t ajhd ¿± jh± bfs ut khd g¤l¡ f¯ bgW ©
t hª¨‡œ ¸i lœF©/ M d h¬ ºy gÂfhu ¾i yi k , U§jh¬ ºy e± i kf¯
¸i lœfœ T L©/ Õ¡ f¯ j§i jnahL ÀF§j ghrkhf , U¨Ö«f¯ / c ¡ f¯
brhìJ ¾yt u© g°Ç Àf‰ © ft d khf , U¨Ö«f¯ / c ¡ f¯ yœd © Â\ gkhf
, U§jh¬. 4© ´ jhd ½g½ brh§jÛ ¤o¬ M ¤º bgW ¸wh± / e¬y f¬Ä
bgW Û «f¯/ brh§j C Âny Àf‰ © ‡fG © bgaU© m i lÛ «f¯ / c ¡ f¯
yœd © Ä U¢ºfkhf , U§jh¬. c ¡ fS i la 10t J Û ¤l½g½ j± D i la
brh§j Û ¤i l¨ gh«¨gjh¬ Õ¡ f¯ c ¡ f¯ bjhÅà ny Àf c a«‰ bg°W .
bgÂa bt °Ç m i lÛ «f¯/ c ¡ f¯ yœd © kfukhd h¬. v¤lh© Û ¤l½g½
eh± fhÀl콬 c ¢r© bgW ¸wh± / m jd h¬ f¬Ä Á ¬ ÀF§j c a«¾i y
m i lÛ «f¯ / bgÂa ¾½ ¾W t d ¡ fÆ Ã U§J f¼ rkhd bjhi f fld hfœ
¸i lœF©/ jœf jUz 콬 c jÄ ¸i lœF©/ c ¡ fS i la yœd © flfkhf
, U§jh¬. c ¡ fS i la , u¥ lh© ´ jhd h½g½ eh± fh© Û ¤o¬
Cecil Gupta
² 47

Õ¢rki l¸wh± / M i fah¬ FL©g brhìJ Ä \ a¡ fi s ki w¨gt uhf‰ ©.

ufºa k§½u rh´ ½u¡ fi s¨ go¨gt uhf‰ ©/ m i j ¿± g°W gt uhf‰ ©
M Û «f¯/

‡j±
‡j± c ¡ fS i la 3t J Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh± / m i k½Á ¬yhj m i yghˆ©
Fz K ©. Xahk¬ RW RW ¨ghf º§½œF© ê i sˆ© c ¯st «f¯ Õ¡ f¯/ Õ¡ f¯
‡ìjf¨ ‡G Ä £ " hd ì½± c gnahfkhd ºy ¿ ‰ fÆ ¬ Õ¡ f¯
Ä t u¡ fi sˆ©. c gnahf¡ fi s ˆ© g°Ça fUìJœfi s ¢ nrf¨֫f¯ /
Õ¡ f¯ ºw§j m Çt hÆ c ¡ fS i la Ri t . ei l. c i l. ght i d v¬yhnk
ºw§jjhf , UœF©/ gi Ha , yœ¸a¡ fÆ Y ©. ‡½a E }¬fÆ Y © nj«¢º
bgW Û «f¯/ vG ìJyf콬 bjhŬ m i kˆ© m ¬yJ c ¡ fsJ bghG J
nghœF ê y© ºw§j t hª¨‡fS ©. r§j«¨g¡ fS © ¸i lœF©/ gy± juœT oa
m nef gaz ¡ f¯ brªÛ «f¯ / v¬yh , l¡ fÆ Y © m nef e¥ g«f¯ c ¥ L/
Õ¡ f¯ bghW i krhà ahf , ¬yhÄ ¤lhY © v§j xU ¿u¢ºi d i aˆ© nt «
M H© t i u br± W bt Fnt fkhf m j°Fì Ô«‰ fh¥ Ö«f¯ / c ¡ fs J yœd ©
nk\ © m ¬yJ flf©. M d h¬ ‡jD œF M ¤ºnah m ¬yJ c ¢rnkh
¸i lœF©/ Õ¡ f¯ , i sa rnfhju«fs h¬ r§njh\ © FUÄ ± nr«œi f m ¬yJ
gh«i t , U§jh¬ Õ¡ f¯ f¬Ä Á Y ©. , yœ¸aì½Y © bt Ft hf <LgLÛ «f¯ /
c ¡ f¯ yœd © kfu© M d h¬ Õ¢r© bgW © ‡j± ne«khwhd gy± fi s na
bfhLœF©/ FUnt hL , U§jh¬ bfh£ r© Fi waœT L©/ m njhL gaz ¡ fÆ ¬
ºy r¡ fl¡ fi s r§½¨Ö«f¯ /

Rθu±
Rght ì½nyna RgœuQ khd Rœ¸u± , u¥ lh© Û ¤o¬ , U¨gjh¬ FL©g
Ä \ aì½Y ©. brhìJ Ä \ aì½Y © Õ¡ f¯ Rœ¸u ½i r nahf© m o¨gt «jh± /
M d h¬ brhFrhd t h®œi fÁ Y ©. M l©guì½Y © m ½fkhf¢ bry‰ brªgt «/
Õ¡ f¯ M ¥ fshd h¬ , ± gì½°fhf¢ bry‰ brªÛ «f¯ / bg¥ fs hd h¬
c i lfÆ Y ©. eÛ d ehfÙf© bghU¤fÆ Y © bryt Ũ֫f¯ / c ¡ f¯ yœd ©
F©gkhd h¬ 2M © Û ¤o¬ Rœ¸u± c ¢r© bg°W , U¨gjh¬ , §j M l©gu¨
bghU¯ t h¡ F© bryÄ d ¡ f¯ FǨ¿L© goahf , UœF©/ c ¡ f¯ yœd ©
º©k© M d h¬ , u¥ o¬ Rœ¸u± Õ¢r© bgW ©/ , J e¬y ´ jhd khfhJ/
M d h¬ m Jnt RgœuQ ìnjhL nr«§J , U§jh¬ m ¬yJ gh«i t bg°wh¬
Õ¡ f¯ vi jˆ© b$Á ¨gt uhf‰ © rê f콬 c aÂa m §j´ i j¨
bg°wt uhf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯ / Rœ¸u± brí t hªœF Àf m U¸¬ , U§jh¬.
FUÄ ± nr«œi f gh«i t m ¬yJ FUÄ ± e¤rì½u¡ fÆ ¬ ¾°gnjh. , i t
vJ‰ nk , ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬ v½« ghà d ± c wi t Àf‰ © Ä U©¿ º°Ç± g¨
¿Âauhf , U¨Ö«f¯ / M d h¬ FU nr«§J Ä ¤lhnyh. ki d Ä -fz t nd hL
Àf r§njh\ khd t h®œi f elìJÛ «f¯/ FH§i jf¯ ghœa©. m ½Y © m ½f¨
bg¥ FH§i jf¯ bgW © ghœ¸a© ¸¤L©/ Rœ¸u± FUi t ¨ gh«ìjh¬ Õ¡ f¯
r¤lœ f¬Ä gÁ ¬Û «f¯/ ‡j± T l Rœ¸u± nr«§jh¬ E ¥ fi yfÆ ¬
M «t © bfh¥ L c ¡ f¯ ngd hÄ d h¬ xU m ½ra c yfnk gi l¨Ö«f¯ /
Cecil Gupta
² 48

brí t hª
6© Û ¤o¬ brí t hª v± gJ m ½«³ lkhd , lkhF©/ brh§jkhf bjhŬ
brªJ e¬y yhgK © bg°W gi ft «fi s Xl Xl Ä u¤o m o¨Ö«f¯/
c ¡ f¯ $± kyœd © nk\ ©. Â\ g©. ÀJd ©. f± È . Ä U¢ºf©. jD R
, i t fÆ ¬ x± whf , U§jh¬ Ä gÙj uh$nahfì½± gy± fi s m E gÄ ¨Ö«f¯ /
ÀJd nkh m ¬yJ Ä U¢ºfnkh yœd khd h¬ 6M © Û ¤o¬ brí t hª c ¢r©
bgW t jh¬ c ì½nahf콬 c a«§j gjÄ t ¸¨Ö«f¯/ F©gyœd khd h¬ 6t J
Û ¤o¬ brí t hª Õ¢r© bgW t jh¬ ji yi a gh½œF© nehªœF M shÛ «f¯/
m njhL rÈ ˆ© bf¤oU§jh¬ ji yÁ ¬ m W i t º¸¢i r brªa neÂL©/
brí t hª c ¡ f¯ yœd ìi j¨ gh«¨gjh¬ c ¡ fS œF nfhg© ê œF E È Á ¬
K & œ v± wh¬ ÑǨ ghªÛ «f¯/ nt i yah¤fns hL RL brh°fi s Û Rt jh¬.
m ½U¨½ˆ©. M ì½uK © m i l§j bjhÅyhÆ f¯ Vkh°W j¬. ½ULj¬
M ¸ai t fÆ ¬ <Lg¤L c ¡ fS œF e³ lìi j Ä i s Ä ¨gh«f¯ /

FU
FU 5 M © Û ¤o¬ , U¨gjh¬ Õ¡ f¯ ºw§j t u© bg°wt «f¯ / Õ¡ f¯ Àf¨
bgÂa m ½«³ l rhà f¯. Vbd ± wh¬ ¸uQ ¡ fÆ ¬ Àf¢ ºw§j Rgfhufd hf
FU c ¡ fS i la 9© Û L© (j§i j. br¬t © K jà ai t ) 11© Û L©
(t Ukhd ¡ f¯. e¥ g«f¯ K jà ai t ) yœd © (c l¬. bghJt hf v¬yh
Ä \ a¡ f¯ ) , i t fnshL 5 M © Û ¤i l¨ ghJfhìj¬ (j§½. gjÄ .
kœf¤ngW M ¸ai t ) , i t fi s v¬yh© gh«¨gjh¬ v¬yhì Ji wfÆ Y ©
e± i kna e± i kjh± / c ¡ f¯ yœd © ×d khd h¬ FU c ¢rki l¸wh± /
c ¡ f¯ yœd © º©k© m ¬yJ Ä U¢ºf© M d h¬ FU ´ t n\ ¦½¬
M ¤ºbgW ¸wh± / M i fah¬ ˜ «t ‡¥ ¼ a© ¾i w§j f¥ ¼ akhd
FL©g콬 ¿w§jt «f¯ / r§njh\ khd N ®¾i yÁ ¬ Õ¥ l M ˆS © ºw§j
f°gi d t s© ¾i w§j Ji wfÆ ¬ c ¡ f¯ m G ìjkhd M ½œfìi j¨
g½ìjt «fshf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯/ gh¤ld h«. jf¨gd h«. FH§i jf¯ Ä \ a콬
ºw§j ghœ¸a rhà f¯ . ºw¨ghd f¬Ä khd hf‰ ©. M ± ×f t h½ahf‰ ©
, U¨Ö«f¯/ J}ukhd , l¡ fS œF m oœfo gaz © brªÛ «f¯ / M ± ×f
Ä \ akhfnt h. fyh¢rhu Ä \ akhfnt h. m a¬ ehLfS œF¢ br¬Û «f¯/
‡¥ a ´ jy ahì½i uf¯ nk°bfh¯ S Û «f¯ / c ¡ f¯ yœd © f± È ahf
, U§jh¬ FU 5© Û ¤o¬ Õ¢rki l¸wh± / M i fah¬ f¬Ä Ä \ a콬
m ½«³ l© Fi w‰ FH§i j¨ ngW T l Fi w‰ jh± M d h¬ rÈ e¬y ´ jhd
gy© bg°ÇU§jh¬ m ¬yJ Rœ¸u± . ‡j± ngh± w Rgœ¸uQ ¡ f¯ 5© Û ¤o¬
, U§jhnyh. gh«ìjhnyh gÂfhukhf e¬y gy± f¯ ¸i lœF©/

rÈ
rÈ 5© Û ¤o¬ m k«§½Uœ¸wh± / rÈ c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬 Rg gy±
Cecil Gupta
² 49

bg°ÇU§jh¬ jÄ u Õ¡ f¯ gjÄ Á nyh. rhji d fÆ nyh. ´ bgFny\ ±

K jÚLfÆ nyh. fhj¬ Ä t fhu¡ fÆ nyh kœf¯ ngW bgW t ½nyh m ½«³ lkhf
, Uœf K oahJ/ c ¡ f¯ yœd © ÀJd khd h¬ rÈ c ¢r© bgw¸wh± / c ¡ f¯
$± k yœd © f± È nah. Jyhnkh M d h¬ rÈ M ¤º bgW ¸wh± /
m ¨goahd h¬ bfs t ut khd FL©g콬 ¿w§½U¨Ö«f¯/ ˜ «t ‡¥ ¼ a
gy± fi s m E gÄ ¨Ö«f¯ / Õ¥ l M ˆnshL r§njh\ khd t h®œi fi a
m E gÛ ¨Ö«f¯/ c a«gjÄ t ¸¨gnjhL c ¡ f¯ m Âa bra¬fÆ ±
K ì½i ui aˆ© M Hkhf¨ g½¨Ö«f¯/ jD «yœd 콬 ¿w§jt «fS œF 5©
Û ¤o¬ rÈ Õ¢r© bgW ¸wh«/ ‡j± gy© bg°W Ä ¤lhnyh. e© Û ¤o¬
ght œ¸uw nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah T o , U§jhnyh f¬Ä Á nyh.
c ì½nahfìjuì½nyh. r§jhd ghœ¸aì½nyh m ½«³ lkhf , Uœf K oahJ/ 5©
Û ¤o°F Rgœ¸uQ ì½± M º ¸i lìjh¬ ¾i yi k Ñ«½U§jœT L©/ M d h¬ 5©
Û L ght œ¸Q ìjh¬ Öoœf¨g¤lh¬ ºy Vkh°w¡ fi s ¢ r§½¨Ö«f¯ /

r§½u±
8t J ´ jhd 콬 r§½u± c ¯ st «f¯ v¨nghJ© ºÂìJ t hH
M i r¨gLt h«f¯/ ¿wi uœ ft U© Fz ¡ fi s Rœfyg| r§½u± m Æ œF©/
c ¡ f¯ yœd © Jyh© v± wh¬ m ³ lk콬 c ¢r© bgW ©/ r§½u±
Ô«œfhˆi s m Æ ¨gJ c W ½/ jD « yœd œfhu«fS œF© 8t J Û ¤o¬ r§½u±
´ t n\ ¦½¬ M ¤º bgW t jh¬ , nj gy± ¸¤L©/ M d h¬ r§½u±
m ³ lk´ jhd J œF m U¸¬ M ½œf© bg°whnyh m ¬yJ r§½uD œF m U¸¬
ght œ¸uQ © , U§jhnyh nt W e¬y gÂfhu nr«œi ff¯ c ¡ f¯ $hjf콬
, ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬. Õ¡ f¯ M ¥ fs hf , U§jh¬ Ä gìJœf¯ V°gL©/ c ¡ f¯
c Á Uœnf M gìJ© V°glœT L©/ Õ¡ f¯ bg¥ fs hd h¬ c ¡ f¯ fz t ±
M ˆ¯ ght © nf¯Ä œFÂajh¸ Ä L©/ nk\ yœd ì½°F m ³ lk콬 r§½u±
Õ¢r© bgW ¸wh± / brí t hˆ© gy© , H§J r§½uD œF© Rg ¸uQ
nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah , ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬ Õ¬ ê ®¸ kuz © V°gL©/ nfJ
r§½uD œF m U¸¬ , U§jh¬ bgÂa m W i t º¸¢i r V°gL©/ uhF T l
, U¨¿± Ä \ gaìJœF M shÛ «f¯/ rÈ T l , U¨¿± ÏnH Ä G §J
m ogLÛ «f¯ / brí t hÁ ± m Ufhi k beU¨‡ M ˆj ga© V°gLìJ©.
m ³ lk r§½u± eLìbjUÄ ¬ c ¡ fS œF K oi t V°gLìJ©/

uhF
uhF ehyh© , l콬 ºy e± i kfi sì jUt h«/ uhF , §j , l콬
nahffhufd ht jh¬. nahfhjakhd brhìJœf¯ ¸i lœF©/ uhF Â\ gì½nyh.
f± È m ¬yJ F©gì½nyh , U§jh¬ e± i kahd gy± fns ¸i lœfhJ/
Ä U¢ºf yœd K ©. brí t hª gy© Fi w§½U§jhnyh FU. Rœ¸u± . ‡j±
nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah uhF‰ œFœ ¸i lìjh¬ c ¡ f¯ jhah± c l¬ ey©
gh½œf¨gL©/ brh§j C Ânyna , UœF© t i u K ± nd °wnk ¸i lahJ/
gìjht J ´ jhd h½g½ e¬y , l콬 , ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬ m ¬yJ gìjht J ´ jhd ©
RgœuQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah bgwhÄ ¤lh¬. c ¡ f¯ bjhŬ r©g§jkhf
Ï®jukœfnshL rft hrK ©. FW ¸a ‡ì½œfhu«fÆ ± c w‰ © V°gL©/
Cecil Gupta
² 50

nfJ
10t J Û ¤oY ¯s nfJ. F©g yœd œfhu«fS œF© m ¬yJ 10t J Û ¤nlh±
gy© bg°w $hjf«fS œF©. c ì½nahfìJ i wÁ ¬ e± i kf¯ brªt h± /
N Âa± T l , U§J. r°W J}u© Ä y¸ , U¨¿± Õ¡ f¯ kUìJt ì bjhŬ
brªÛ «f¯/ r§½uD ©. M wh© Û ¤nlhD © e¬y , l© bg°W . 4t J m ¬yJ
5t J Û ¤o¬ , U§jhY © Õ¡ f¯ lhœlUœF¨ go¨Ö«f¯ / c ¡ f¯ yœd ©
º©k© M d h¬ nfJ 10t J Û ¤o¬ Õ¢r© bgW ¸wh± / ºy nkhrkhd
kÈ j«f¯ . t h®œi fÁ ± k¤l ¾i yÁ ¬ c ¯ s Ï®ìju kÈ j«f¯ ngh± wt «f¯
c ¡ fS œF Ä nuhjkhf ufºa r½fÆ ¬ <Lg¤L c ¡ f¯ c ì½nahfì½°F c i y
i t ¨gh«f¯/ ºy neu¡ fÆ ¬ c ¡ fÆ ± K JF¨ ¿± d h¬ c ¡ fi s ¨ g°Ç
t j§½fi s¨ gu¨‡t h«f¯/ M d h¬ 4t J Û ¤o¬ c ¯ s uhF nahffhuf±
M t jh¬ fod khd c i H¨¿¬ ¸i lìj f¬Ä ah¬ Õ¡ f¯ K ± D œF
t UÛ «f¯/ ‡jD © e¬y , l© bg°wh¬ c ¡ f¯ c a«‰ ¾¢ra©/ nfJ‰ l±
brí t hª , U§jh¬ c ¡ f¯ bjhŬ À± rhu t hÂa©. Ôai z ¨‡¨ gi l
, i t r©g§j¨g¤ljhf , UœF©/ brí t hª gh«ìjh¬ Âa¬ v´ nl¤.
Ä \ kU§J f¯ . c u¡ f¯. ˜ ¢º kU§Jf¯ ngh± w Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬ bjhŬ
brªJ yhg© r©gh½¨Ö«f¯/ M d h¬ , §j ¸uQ ¾i y jf¨gd hUœF©
ghjfkhd J/ m t « brhìJ Rf¡ fi s , H¨gh«/ ½U¤L¨nght jhnyh.
, a°i fÁ ± Ñ°wìjhnyh m ½f e³ lki lt h«/ FL©g© Àf‰ © f³ l콬
, UœF©/

ˆnud ´
7t J Û ¤o¬ ˆnud ´ , U¨gjh¬. c ¡ fS œFì J± gnk J± g©jh± /
yœd h½g½ e¬y ´ jhd © bgwhÄ ¤lh¬ Õ¡ f¯ Àf‰ © ¿ot hjfhuuhf‰ ©.
jh± ¿oìj K aY œF ê ± nwfh¬ v± W rh½¨gt uhf‰ © , U¨Ö«f¯/
c z «¢ºfS œF m oi kah¸ ºy c w‰ f¯ V°gL콜 bfh¯S Û «f¯/
Ä ¤LœbfhLœf K oahj c ¡ f¯ ¿ot hj Fz ìjh¬ gy Ä nuh½f¯
bt Æ ¨gi lahfnt c ¡ fnshL nkhJt h«f¯/ bjhÅÃ ¬ T ¤lhÆ fi s¢
nr«¨g½nyh/ t h®œi fì Ji z i aì nj«§bjL¨g½nyh m t ru© fh¤LÛ «f¯ .
m jd h¬ ¿°fhy콬 Àf‰ © g¢rhjhg¨gLÛ «f¯ . K oÄ ¬ ¿ÂÄ nyh m ¬yJ
Ä t hfuì½nyh t §J K oˆ©/ , U¨¿D © 7© Û ¤nlh± e¬y , l©
bg°whnyh. Rgœ¸uQ © 7t J Û ¤o¬ , U§jhnyh. m i j¨ gh«ìjhnyh.
¾i yi k bfh£ r© Ñ«gL©/ 11t J Û ¤nlh± gy© bg°ÇU§jh¬. gz gy©
bg°w bgÂa kÈ j«fÆ lÀU§J M jha¡ fS ©. c jÄ fS © bgW Û «f¯/
½Obu± W ‡f®¢ºi a m i lÛ «f¯/ ˆbud ´ uhFnt hL nr«§jhnyh. uhFÄ ±
e| ì½u콬 , U§jhnyh vyœ¤uhÈ œ Ji wÁ ¬ e¬y yhg© bgW Û «f¯/

be¨o™ ±
m ³ lk´ jhd 콬 be¨¤™ ± , U¨gjh¬ c ¡ fS œFì ½Ukz ì½°F¨ ¿wF
gz ì j¤L¨ghL V°gL©/ c ¡ f¯ fz t ± -ki d Ä gz Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬
Cecil Gupta
² 51

m y¤ºakhf‰ ©. M l©gu¨ ¿Âauhf‰ ©. , U¨gh« be¨¤™ ± K lœfkhd

yœd 콬 8t J , l콬 , U§jhnyh nt W ght œ¸uQ © m U¸¬ , U§jhnyh
m ³ lkh½g½ˆ© gy© , H§½U§jhnyh m oœfo Õ¡ f¯ R\ h¨½
m t ´ i jœF¯ br± W Ä LÛ «f¯ / be¨¤™ ± brí t hnahL nr«§jhnyh.
nf§½u콬 , U§jhnyh. ne« v½«gh«i t bg°whnyh Õ¡ f¯ bgU¡ Fofhuuhf
, U¨Ö«f¯/ nghi j¨ bghU¤fS œF m oi k M Û «f¯/ , ¬i yna¬ Õ¡ f¯
ft d Fi wt hnyh jt whd kU§i j c ¤bfh¥ nlh m ¬yJ Ä \ ©
c ¤bfh¥ nlh m t ½¨gLÛ «f¯ / rÈ nah , nj kh½Â r©g§j© , U§jh¬.
ngª ¿rhRfÆ l© brh¬y K oahj gaK ©. m jd h¬ kh§½Âf©. N ± a© M ¸a
J«Ä \ a¡ fÆ ¬ ºœ¸œ bfh¯Û «f¯ / r§½uD œF m U¸Y ¯s be¨¤™ ±
Ä ºì½ukhd fd ‰ fi sœ bfhLœF©/ ‡j± m U¸¬ , U§JÄ ¤lhnyh jt whd
e©¿œi ffsh¬ t hj ¿u½t hj© brªa M u©¿ìJ Ä LÛ «f¯ / nk°brh± d
, u¥ oY © FU‰ © Rg´ jhd © bgwhÄ ¤lh¬ Õ¡ f¯ ½U§jnt K oahj
jh± njh± Çfs hf ê «œfìjd K ©. ¿w« c ¡ fi s bt W œF© goahd t «fs hf
, U¨Ö«f¯/

‡„ ¤nlh
‡S ¤nlh 6t J Û ¤o¬ , Uœ¸wh«/ Ru¡ f©. bt okU§Jf¯ , oghLf¯.
K jà a m rhjhuz khd Ä \ a¡ f¯ r©g§j¨g¤ljhf , UœF©/ c ¡ f¯
bjhŬ m & À± rœ½nah m ¬yJ gukhD À± rœ½ bjhÅ°rhi y
r©g§j¨g¤l nt i yahf , UœF©/ ‡i f. fÂ. ÕuhÄ . f½« bt ¨g©
M ¸ai t fsh¬ vÆ ½¬ gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯ / c ¡ f¯ 6M © Û ¤nlh± e¬y
´ jhd © bgwhÄ ¤lhnyh. 6t J Û ¤LœF Rgœ¸uQ nr«œi fnah. gh«i t nah
, ¬yhÄ ¤lhnyh Õ¡ f¯ ‡Âahj xU m ½ra nehah¬ gh½œf¨gLÛ «f¯ / m J
c Á « bfh¬Ã nehahfœ T l , Uœfyh©/ m njhL ght œ¸uQ © nr«§J
Ä ¤lh¬ nehÁ ± ÔÄ u© m ½fÂìJ c ¡ f¯ nt ji d ˆ© T oÄ L©/
c wÄ d «fnshnlh rfghofns hnlh m ¬yJ T l nt i y brªgt «f¯
T lnt h c ¡ f¯ c w‰ RK fkhfnt , UœfhJ / v¬yht °i wˆ© m oìJì
j¯ Æ œ bfh¥ L K ± nd W Û «f¯/ c ¡ f¯ gi ft «f¯ Ô¡ F Ä i s Ä œf¨
gh«¨gh«f¯ / M d h¬ m t «fi s ¨ F¥ nlhL m Åœf Õ¡ f¯ nk°bfh¯ S ©
m ojo c gha¡ fs h¬. m t «f¯ bt °Ç bgwnt t Å , ¬i y/
Cecil Gupta
² 52

¿w§j e¤rì½u gy±

bghJt hd Ä s œf©
t h®œi fÁ ¬ gy nrhji d fi s m E gÄ ¨Ö«f¯ / Àfœ f³ lkhd ¾i yi aœ
T l xG ¡ fhd K i wÁ ¬ º§½ìJì Ô«‰ fh& © ½wi kah¬ v¬yhÄ jœ
f³ l¡ fi sˆ© rkhÆ ¨Ö«f¯ / M d h¬ K f콬 v¨nghJ© º§ji d nj¡ ¸
¾°F©. m j°Fœ fhuz © Õ¡ f¯ m oœfo r§½œf neU© J± g¡ fS ©.
, i l£ r¬fS nkahF©/ Àf¢ ºÇa ¿u¢ºi d T l c ¡ fi s m ½fkhf¢
º§½œf i t œF©. m i jna ¾i d ìJ ¾i d ìJ c U¸ì jÄ ¨Ö«f¯/

rka© r§j«¨g© ¸i lìjh¬. Ä nuh½fi s¨ gÅt h¡ fì ja¡ f kh¤O«f¯/

, ìji d Fi wfS œF eLÄ Y © Õ¡ f¯ fLi kahd c i H¨ghÆ . v¨nghJ©
bfhLìj nt i yi a K oœfì jahuhf , U¨Ö«f¯/ v± d t §jhY ©
K ± nd W t Jjh± c ¡ f¯ y¤ºakhf , UœF©. , ¡ F brh¬y Ä U©‡t J
v± d bt ± wh¬ vìji d r‰ f¯ t §jhY © v½«Õ¢r¬ ngh¤L Ä U©¿
bt °Çi a m i lÛ «f¯/

fl‰ ¯ e©¿œi f ¾i w§jt «. ahÂlK © ´ ½ukhd c w‰ ¸i lahJ.

nrhji d f¯ ¾u©¿a t h®œi fahd hY ©. c °rhfnkh. Rj§½unkh Fi want
Fi wahJ/ nrhji d fi s/ e©¿œi fi a jsuÄ lkh¤O«f¯/

Ä £ " hd ˜ «t c l¬ m i k¨‡
m Hfhd K f©. xÆ Ä L© f¥ f¯ ºyng«. e¬y T ¤L nr«œi ff¯
, ¬yhÄ ¤lh¬ m îru´ kh½Â m Hfhf , U¨gh«f¯ /

f€
brh§j bjhŬ bt °Çi aœ bfhLœF© c ì½nahf콬 , U§jh¬
nky½fhÂfi s i fœF¯ngh¤Lœ bfh¯ S © fi yÁ ¬ t ¬yt «/ 17. 18 t J
t a½nyna àt nd hghaì½°fhf bjhŬ brªÛ «f¯/ 17 t aJ K j¬ 48
t aJ t i u nrhji d f¯ ¾u©¿a fhy©jh± / M d h¬ K °ÇY © nrhji d fshf
, UœfhJ/ eLeLnt e± i kfS ©. m ½«³ lkhd ½U¨g¡ fS © V°gL©/ 48
t aJœF¿± t h®œi f Àf‰ © r§njh\ khf , UœF©/ , §j t a½¬jh±
, ³ l¨go t h®œi fÁ ¬ ´ ½uj± i k bg°W . f³ lÀ¬yhj t h®‰ fh¥ Ö«f¯ /
r§½u± T l brí t hª , U§jh¬. kU§J. bfÀœf¬ bjhÅnyh m ¬yJ
lhœluhfnt h , U¨Ö«f¯/

FL©g t h®œi f
rnfhju«fsh¬ v§j c jÄ ˆ© ¸i lœfhJ/ jf¨gd hÂlÀU§J c jÄ fi s
v½«gh«œf kh¤O«f¯ / Ra K a°ºah¬ K ± D œF t UÛ «f¯/ ºy«
jf¨gd hnuhL t hœFt hj© brªt h«f¯ / jhah± ng¢RœF v½uhf , U¨gh«f¯ /
¿w§j C Âà U§J rhjhuz khf J}ukhd , l콬jh± Fo‡FÛ «f¯/ nkny ºy
bf¤lgy± f¯ T Çd hY © c ¡ f¯ , ¬t hHœi f r§njh\ khfìjh± , UœF©/
Cecil Gupta
² 53

c ¡ f¯ ki d Ä Á l© e¬y ¾«t hfì½wi k , UœF©. FH§i jfi s¨

gh«œF©nghJ m t «fi s fl‰ Æ ± t u¨¿urhjkhf¨ gh«¨Ö«f¯ / j±
t h®œi fi aì ½U©¿¨ gh«¨gjh¬. FH§i jfÆ l© Ä t h½œfhk¬ el§J
bfh¯s Ä U©‡Û «f¯/ K o§jt i u rfy brsœ¸a¡ fi sˆ©. Rf
, ± g¡ fi sˆ© m t «fS œF t h t H¡ FÛ «f¯ / m jd h¬ m t «f¯ c ¡ fi s
Ä l c a«gjÄ bgW t h«f¯/

c l¬ M nuhœ¸a©
rhjhuz khf M nuhœ¸a rhà jh± / Rt hr©. g¬. , Uk¬. $ynjh\ ©.
ky¢ºœf¬. bjh¥ i lt à ngh± w c ghi jf¯ V°gL©/ M nuhœ¸aìi j
m y¤ºa¨gLìjhk¬. jF§j º¸¢i r nk°bfh¯s nt ¥ L©/

N Âa± ~ ˜ r© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1

gh«œf m Hfhd c Ut m i k¨‡ , U§jhY ©. ¿wÄ œ Fi wfsh¬ ºy
gh½¨‡f¯ V°gL©/ Õ¡ f¯ J}¥ Lji yœ bfhLœF© bghU¤fÆ lÀU§J /
nghi j t ´ JœfÆ lÀU§J© Ä y¸ , Uœf nt ¥ L©/ kfh e¤rì½u콬
c ¡ f¯ yœd © , U§jh¬. rhjhuz khd FL©g콬 ¿w¨Ö«f¯/ ºÇJ ºÇjhf
c ¡ f¯ j§i jÁ ± ¾i y c aU©. m jd h¬ Xus‰ Rf brsœ¸akhd t h®‰
¸i lœF©/

‡j± ~ ‡d «˜ r© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1

m urh¡ f콬 nt i y ¸i lœF©/ rhjhuz fz œfhs Âà U§J c a« gjÄ œF¨
go¨goahf c aUÛ «f¯/ bgaU©. ‡fG © c ¡ f¯ ½wi kœFì jœf¨go
¸i lœF©/ m J x± W © Fi wt hf , UœfhJ / gy fi yfÆ ¬ " hd ©
bgW Û «f¯/ m ± ghd ki d Ä ˆ©. m gÂÄ jkh br¬t K © c ¥ L/
bgÂnahÂl© kÂahi j fh¤LÛ «f¯/ r§njh\ ¦i j m i lÛ «f¯/

Rθu± ~ ÀUfÑÂ\ © ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 2

bg¥ fÆ ± ºne¸j© ¾i wa , UœF©/ Rf© ¸i lœF©. c ¡ fs h¬ K o§j
t i u ¿wUœF c lnd c jÄ brªt J©. jhuhs khf brªt J© c ¡ f¯ Fz ©.
bghJt hf e¬y ½lfhì½uK ©. ´ ½ukhd kd t à i kˆ© c ¡ fS œF c ¥ L/
M d h¬ m r¤i lahf , ¬yhk¬. Rìjkhd . f¥ ¼ akhd t h®‰ ¨ ghi jÁ ¬
br¬y nt ¥ L©/

brí t hª ~ Q ´ j© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1

M u©gfhy콬 m urh¡ f콬 Fkh´ jht hfnt h. i l¨¿´ ¤ m ¬yJ fz œfuhf
, U¨Ö«f¯/ 35 t aJ t U© nghJ eLìjukhd Xus ‰ c a«gjÄ bgW Û «f¯ /
Fl¬ r©g§j¨g¤l nehª t §J nrU©/ m jd h¬ c lnd º¸¢i r brªa
nt ¥ o , UœF©/
Cecil Gupta
² 54

FU ~ ˜ u© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1
Õ¡ f¯ gykhd t «. i jÂarhÃ Ä i uÄ ¬ v¬nyhÂlK © gH¸ Ä LÛ «f¯/
gyÄ j Ä £ " hd Ji wfÆ ¬ m Âa " hd © bgW Û «f¯ / v¬yhÄ j
el¨‡fi s¨ g°Çˆ© bghJ m ÇÄ ¬ ºw§jt «. bgÂa gz œfhu«/

rÈ ~ c ì½u© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1

, J $± k yœd khd h¬. r§½uD ©. uhF‰ © c ì½u¤lh½ e¤rì½u콬 , U§jh¬/
brí t hˆ© nfJ‰ © Q ´ j콬 , U¨¿± ºW t a½¬ jhÁ ± c l¬ ey© Ñuhf
, UœfhJ/ xnu xU rnfhju« c ¥ L/ Rœ¸u± nuh¸¼ Á ¬ , U¨¿± m §j
rnfhjuU© m a¬ eh¤o¬ , U¨gh«/ c ¡ fS œF , a± w t i u c jÄ brªt h«/

r§½u± ~ m D \ © ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 1

ng¢ºny fÈ ‰ ©. , È i kˆ©. Fi H‰ © bfh¥ lt «. t h®œi f¨ ghi jÁ ¬
¾jhd khf M d h¬ c W ½ahf K ± nd W Û «f¯/ ehz aK ©. ‡fG ©. m ½fhuK ©
¾i w§jt «/ , ¡ F uhF‰ © , U§jh¬ t hªr©g§jkhd nehªf¯ V°gL©/

uhF ~ M Á ¬a© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 4

uhF , ¡ F e¬y gy± f¯ ju , ayhJ c ¡ fS œF nt ¥ oat «fS œF.
¿Âakhd t «fS œF© J± g© jU© bra¬fÆ ¬ Õ¡ f¯ <LglœT lhJ/
FUnt hL nr«§jhnyh. FUgh«ìjhnyh gy± f¯ ºÇJ e¬yjhf , UœF©/

nfJ ~ m Ä ¤l© ~ eh± ¸¬ xU gF½ ~ 2

c ¡ fS œF M gìJœfS ©. fha¡ fS © r«t rhjhuz khf V°glœ
T Lbk± gjh¬ t hfd ¡ fi s Õ¡ fns X¤lhk¬ , U§jh¬ e¬yJ/ Vjht J
M gnu\ ± c ¡ fS œF elœfyh©/