LTE Features & Algorithms

MIMO Features & Algorithms

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 Agenda

 Overview and Objectives

 MIIMO Concept
 Conventional (Single) & New(Multiple) Antenna Configurations
 MIMO System Model (Principle)
 Multiple Antenna Arrangements
 Single User MIMO
 Multi User MIMO
 Transmission Mode
 Antenna Port Layering
 Related Parameters
 Summary

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 Conventional Antenna
 Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO)

channel
Bits DSP Radio Radio DSP Bits
TX RX

 Theoretically, the 1Gbps barrier can be achieved using this configuration if

you are allowed to use much power and as much bandwidth(BW)
 Extensive research has been done on SISO under power and BW constraints.
A combination of a smart modulation, coding and multiplexing techniques
have yielded good results but far from the 1Gbps barrier

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 MIMO Concept
 Use multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for a single user

1 1

User data stream

2
channel 2
User data stream
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
MT MR

 Now this system promises enormous data rates!

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 Multiple Antenna Systems

Improved Greater Reduced UE Increased

Transmission Coverage or Power Transmission
Reliability Range Consumption Throughput

Multiple Antenna Systems

SIMO MISO MIMO

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 MIMO Model

Signal from jth Tx antenna

Sj
T1 R1

MIMO
Input T2 R2 Processor
Output

• •
• •
• •
MxN
Tm MIMO Rn
system
 M transmit antennas, N receive antennas form MxN MIMO system
 Huge data stream (input) distributed toward m spatial distributed antennas; m
parallel bit streams (Input 1..m)
Spatial Multiplexing generate parallel “virtual data pipes” using Multipath effects instead of
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Multiple Antenna Arrangements

Single Input/Single Output (SISO)

Multiple Input/Single Output (MISO)

Single Input/Multiple Output (SIMO)

Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO)

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Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO)

Rx Tx

 Switched Diversity
 Equal Gain Combining
 Maximum Ratio Combining

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Multiple Input Single Output (MISO)

Tx Rx

 Space-Time Transmit Diversity

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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

Tx Rx

 Improved Transmission Reliability

 Increased Coverage or Range
 Reduced UE Power Consumption

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MIMO Techniques
Data Stream 1

Tx Rx

Data Stream 2

 Space-Time Coding (STC) – 1 Data Stream

 Spatial Multiplexing – 2 Data Streams

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Single User MIMO

Data Stream 1

UE

Data Stream 2

 Improved Performance (STC), or

eNodeB
 Improved Throughput (SM) for Single UE

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Multi-User MIMO

UE

UE
 Improved Number of UEs
eNodeB
 No Increase in System Bandwidth

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 Design Criterion
 MIMO Systems can provide two types of gain

Spatial Multiplexing Gain Diversity Gain

 Maximize transmission rate  Minimize Packet Error(conservative

(optimistic approach) approach)
 Use rich scattering/fading to your  Go for Reliability / QoS etc
advantage
 Combat fading

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Example of MIMO Usage

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 Transmission Modes in 3GPP (1/2)

3GPP MODE 1 3GPP Mode 3

•Single antenna port; port 0 •Open loop spatial multiplexing
•1 TX antenna transmitting always on port 0 •Multiple antennas transmitting different signals
•No feedback from the UE used
•Improves user data rate

3GPP MODE 2 3GPP Mode 4

•Transmit diversity •Closed Loop spatial multiplexing
•Multiple antennas transmit same signal •Multiple antennas transmitting different signals
•Improves SINR •Feedback from the UE used
•Improves user data rate

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 Transmission Modes in 3GPP (2/2)

3GPP MODE 5
•Multi user MIMO
•Multiple antennas transmitting to different
UEs in the cell
• Increase sector capacity 3GPP Mode 7
•Single Antenna port; port 5
•Beamforming
3GPP Mode 6
• UE specific reference signals are generated
•Closed-loop Rank=1 precoding for feedback
•Beamforming
•UE signals back the suitable precoding for
the beamforming operation

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Closed Loop MIMO

1 Pilot Channel on All Antenna Ports

Evaluate
2 Codebook
3 Preferred Codebook Index Options

UE
4 Adjusted MIMO Transmission
eNodeB

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Differences between Mode 3 and 4

3GPP Mode 3
•Open loop spatial multiplexing
•Multiple antennas transmitting different signals
•No feedback from the UE used
•Improves user data rate

3GPP Mode 4
•Closed Loop spatial multiplexing
•Multiple antennas transmitting different signals
•Feedback from the UE used
•Improves user data rate

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Antenna Port Layering

eNodeB

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TX Modes

The Dual Antenna DL Performance Package feature is

controlled by the parameter featureStateDualAntDlPerfPkg
[activated/deactivated].
› The license will have a dependency towards MOM
configuration of noOfTxAntennas [0,1,2,4].

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Typical Scenario with MIMO.

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Related Parameters

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 Summary
 Overview and Objectives
 MIIMO Concept
 Conventional (Single) & New(Multiple) Antenna Configurations
 MIMO System Model (Principle)
 Multiple Antenna Arrangements
 Single User MIMO
 Multi User MIMO
 Transmission Mode
 Antenna Port Layering
 Related Parameters

MobileComm Professionals, Inc

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“HAPPY LEARNING”

MobileComm Professionals, Inc

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