Assignment 6.2.

5 Molarity and Molality Name________________

Date________ Block___
Learning Objectives: Given Background readings about solutions, apply polarity to the formation of solute ions, list
several everyday solutions, identify electrolytes in a solution, and calculate the molarity and molality of a solution.

Overview: Many of the chemical reactions we have been studying take place in water. A watery planet like ours
demands that we treat water as a universal solvent. Knowing the concentration of a solution will help us determine the
amounts of reactants and products in a chemical process.

Instructions: Study the background reading and answer the guiding questions in this worksheet.

Part 1. Introduction: Diagram A

1. Many processes on our planet work because of the polarity of water. Draw
the Lewis structure for water and draw it in the space below. Recall that the
water molecule has a bent shape and two lone pairs of electrons on the
central atom:

2. Add dipoles to your diagram above to show the polarity for water in your
diagram. Recall that oxygen is a very electronegative element because it is
near fluorine in the periodic table.

Part 2 The Process of Solvation

1. Study diagram A. A salt is any ionic compound, and ionic compounds are made up of cations and anions. View the
video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdedxfhcpWo to describe how water interacts with sodium and chlorine ions
when salt is dissolved by water.

2. In this diagram water is the solvent and salt is the solute.

A solvent is the substance in a mixture which is present in a greater amount. A solute is the substance in a mixture
which is present in a lesser amount. A solute is dissolved into a solvent. Consider an iced tea solution made from
instant iced tea mix. The powdered ice tea mix is the solute and water is the solvent. A solution is the whole mixture
being considered. Another word for dissolving something is solvation. In diagram 1.1, sodium chloride is the solute,
water is the solvent, and the diagram above shows the solvation of salt into water.

3. Think of a solution and state the solute and solvent in each one:

Solution: _________________ solute: ____________ solvent: ____________

4. In an aqueous solution water molecules surround each ion that made up the salt. Draw a sodium ion and a chlorine
ion surrounded by polar water molecules. Be sure to show the polarity of the water molecules and the charges on the
ions:
A sodium ion surrounded by water A chlorine ion surrounded by water
molecules molecules
Concentrations are very important to understanding reactions that take place in water. In order for processes in your
cells to take place, the concentration or molarity of glucose in your blood must be between 3.6 and 5.8 millimoles per
liter or .0036-.0058 moles per liter (M). Diabetics monitor their blood sugar levels and adjust their diet so that this
concentration range is maintained within this range

Part 3. Calculating the Concentrations of Solutions

The concentration of a solution describes the amount of solute mixed into the solvent. There are two units for
concentration, molarity and molality. These formulas will be provided for you:

Study the following sample problems to calculate the concentration of a solution.

Sample Problem 1. What is the molarity of a solution made up of 0.211 moles of NaCl and 0.345 Liters of solution?
M = .211 moles NaCl = .612 mol or a .612 M solution was formed
.345 Liters of solution L

Sample Problem 2. What is the molality of a solution made up of 16.1 grams of chlorine gas in 5002 grams of water?

First, convert grams to moles. 16.1 grams Cl2 x 1 mol Cl2 = .227 mol Cl2
1 70.906 g Cl2

Grams of water are converted to kilograms of water 5002 g H2O x 1 Kg_= 5.002 Kg H2O
1000 grams

Place into the molality equation m = .227 mol Cl2 = .0454 mol Cl2
5.002 Kg water Kg water
A 0.0454 molal solution was formed

Complete the following molarity and molality problems. Show all work and units.

1. Calculate the molarity of a

solution made using 3.6 moles of CaCO3
and enough water to make 4.9 liters of solution.

2. Calculate the molarity of a

solution made using 2.56 moles of NaCl and
enough water to make 10.7 liters of solution.

3. Calculate the molality of a

solution made using 5.6 moles of KCl and
5.89 kilograms of ice
4. Calculate the molality of a solution made of
0.342 moles of CuS and 2.30 kilograms of water.

5. Calculate the molality of a solution made

from 0.0345 moles of CaO and 2.34 kilograms of water.

6. How many moles of NaCl are in 3.41

liters of a 2.03 molar solution of NaCl and water?

7. How many grams of LiBr are needed

to make a .00234 molal solution which contains 3.45
kilograms of water?

8. A 1.5 molar solution of sugar water would taste ____________ (more/less) sweet than a 0.5 molar solution of sugar
water.

9. On the front of a notecard, write two quiz questions using the information in this packet. On the back of it, write the
answer to your questions. Hand this in for 10 points.