Nodal Analysis - Nodal Analysis aims to

determine the voltage

at each node relative to
Prerequisite
the reference node
 Know how to solve
multiple equation in
multiple unknown such
as NxN matrices.
 Can identify basic What is a node?
electrical circuit
symbols such as - It is where two or
more elements have a
resistance, voltage
common connection
sources and current
sources.
 Know ohm’s law.
 Know Kirchhoff Current
Law (KCL).
 Number of Node = 4

Number of Node = 4

Number of Node = 3
Procedure 1 2 3
1. Label the
elements in the
circuit.
2. Identify the nodes ref
4
and label them
by 1, 2, 3, and so # of Nodes = 4
on. # of eq. = 4 – 1 = 3
3. Choose a
reference node Notation: Node
among the nodes. number
4. Use KCL in every
node. Simply the Vn
equation.
5. Solve for the Voltage
unknown
 1 2 3 @ node 2
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐼𝑖𝑛

ref
4 𝑉2 −𝑉1 𝑉2 −𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑉2 −𝑉3
5
+ 10
+ 10
= 0
-2V2 – 2V1 + V2 – Vref + V2 – V3 = 0
@ node 1
-2V1 + 4V2 – V3 – Vref = 0

V1 = 20 volts. Since V1 = 20, and Vref = 0

*since the other end of the - 2(20) + 4V2 – V3 – (0)= 0

voltage source is the 4V2 – V3 = 40
reference node, the node 1
will have a value of of the V3 = 4V2 – 40 --- Eq. 1
voltage source
 1 3 Solve V2 using Eq. 1
2
3(4V2 – 40) – 2V2 = 80
12V2 – 120 – 2V2 = 80
ref
4 10V2 = 120 + 80
V2 = 200/10
V2 = 20 volts
@ node 3
Therefor,
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐼𝑖𝑛
V3 = 4V2 – 40
= 4(20) – 40
𝑉3 −𝑉2 𝑉 −𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓
+ 3 = 4 = 80 – 40
10 20
= 40 volts
2V3 – 2V2 + V3 – Vref = 80

3V3 – 2V2 = 80