The Feasibility Study of Calcium Phosphate made

from Eggshell and Vinegar as a

Flower Fertilizer

A Practical Research 2 Project

Submitted to the

In partial fulfillment of requirements in

By:
 Pinamalayan Maritime Foundation and

Technological College, INC.

Mabini St., Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro

APPROVAL SHEET

This research study entitled the Feasibility Study of Calcium Phosphate

made
from
Eggshell and Vinegar, prepared and submitted by has been
successfully presented and recommended for approval in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the

Recommending Approval:

Mrs.
(Research Adviser)

Approval By:

Mrs. Maricris Dimaandal

(Principal)

Date:
 Acknowledgement

The researcher would like to broaden their deep appreciation to those

individual who guided the researchers to the completion of this project. Without
the help of this person, this project would be made possible.

First, to almighty God who gave knowledge, courage and inspiration to the
researchers to finish the project.

To , who supported financially, morally and deed

concern all the way to finish the study.

To , who supported also the researchers in every

materials that the researchers needed to finish the product.

To , who let the researchers to finish the experiment.

To Mrs. Alon , who Gave her time in reviewing guiding, suggesting, and
editing to finish the project.

To Pinamalayan Maritime Foundation and Technological College INC., for

the opportunity to formulate a research such as this.

To everyone who help the researchers in many ways in making this study.

i
Abstract
 This study aims to produce Flower Fertilizer from Eggshell and Vinegar.

In making the product, the eggshell and vinegar were collected. The
collected eggshell will remove filaments. And the eggshell will grind and add the
100ml of vinegar then wait for 7 days.

For acceptability test, the experiment product was presented to five

respondents to determine the acceptability rate of experimental product in terms
of odor, growth of the plant, and appearance.

Based on the result of the study, the conclusion was obtained: The
experiments Flower Fertilizer is comparable to the commercial product in terms
of
growth of the plant and appearance.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….……i

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….ii

CHAPTER I

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………...2

Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………….2

Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………………

3

Significant of the Study…………………………………………………………………3

Scopes and Limitations of the Study………………………………………………….4

Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………...4

CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature………………………………………………………..5-7

CHAPTER III
Methodology…………………………………………………………………………….8

CHAPTER IV
Results and Discussion………………………………………………………………..9

Experimental and Figures………………………………………………………...10-12

CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………………………..13

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………14

Documentation of the Experiment…………………………………………………...15

 CHAPTER I
Introduction

Flowering plant has been doing its purpose in giving beauty and color
everywhere. There is no doubt that gardening or plants cultivation seemed to be
one of the most practiced jobs in the Philippines. Furthermore, taking care of
plants and flowers in every garden can be considered as one of the every day
duties at home. In additional to this, it was also observed that the number of
shops selling and growing plants and flowers are increasing every year.

Growing any flowering plants require an adequate care and sufficient amount
of sunlight and water. And more than these, it requires phosphorus. Phosphorus
containing compounds are essential for photosynthesis in plants, for energy
transformation and for the activity of some hormones in both plants and animals,
it is one of most chemical elements required for a plant growth and reproduction,
is referred to as the energizer since it helps store and transfer energy during
photosynthesis. Since all plants requires phosphorus during periods of rapid
growth. Most plants (plants that growth, reproduce and in one year) require large
amount of phosphorus as they begin to grow.

In the soil, phosphorus is often found in chemical forms that cannot

immediately be absorbed by plants, so farmers commonly apply phosphorus to
the soil. Because of this, the research found out that vinegar and eggshell has
the
component of phosphorus and calcium that can alter the chemical composition
of
the commercial product and use as a phosphorus/organic fertilizer too the soil.
1
Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study is to produce a flower fertilizer from eggshell and
vinegar. Specially, it aims to answer the following question.

1. Is there a significant difference between the experimental product and the

commercial product in term of:

1.1 Odor

1.2 Growth of the plant

1.3 Appearance

Hypothesis

1. There is no significant difference between the experimental product and

commercial product in terms of:

1.1 Odor

1.2 Growth of the Plant

1.3 Appearance
2
Objective of the Study

The main goal of the study is to produce an alternative for commercial flower
fertilizer. Specially, it sought to:

1. Determine if the experiment flower fertilizer can be compare to the

commercial product of flower fertilizer in terms of:

1.1 Odor
1.2 Growth
1.3 Appearance

Significant of the Study

This study has a great significance to the following:

Community

The flower fertilizer from eggshell and vinegar is not created from
chemical substance because it s pure organic. There will be no harmful effects.

Industry

The production of eggshell as a flower fertilizer will increase because of

the availability of materials.

Planter/Gardener

People especially the planter and gardener won’t need much money to
afford the product since the materials are available and easy to find.

3
Scope and Limitation

The study is limited only to the production of a flower fertilizer from eggshell
and vinegar as primary component. The product is used in all kinds of flowering
plants. The product must not be exposed to cool places for must be kept in right
temperature, neither cool nor hot.

This study was deducted at Pinamalayan Maritime Foundation and

Technological College INC. Mabini St. Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro and at the
researchers’ residence in

Definition of Terms

Eggshell

An outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and some of eggs with soft

outer coats.

Vinegar

A liquid consisting of about 5-20% acetic acid, water, and other trace
chemical which may include flavorings.

Beaker

A simple container used for stirring, mixing and heating liquids

commonly used in many laboratories.

Pestle

A rod-shape made from hand material with a rounded end that is

used for crushing or grinding substances.

Pan

A cooking pot, usually metal and with a handle, for use on the burner
of a stove.

4
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Eggshell

Is the outer of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft
outer coats. Bird eggshell contain calcium carbonate and dissolve in various
acids, including the vinegar used in cooking. While dissolving, the calcium
carbonate in an eggshell reacts with the acid ti form carbon dioxide.

Vinegar

Is a liquid consisting of about 5-20% acetic acid, water, and other trace of
chemicals, which may include flavorings. The acetic acid is produced by the
fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. Vinegar is now mainly used a
cooking ingredient, or in pickling. As the most easily manufactured mild acid, it
has historically had a great variety of industrial, medical, and domestic uses,
some of which (such as its use as a general household cleaner) are still
commonly practiced today.

Calcium Phosphate

Is the name given to a family of minerals containing calciumions(Ca 2+)

together with othophosphates (PO 43－), metaphosphates oryrophosphates
(P2O74－) and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions. Calcium phosphate is the
principal form of calcium found in bovine milk and blood. Seventy percent of
bone
consists of hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral (known as a bone
mineral). tooth enamel is composed of a;most ninety percent hydroxyapatite. No
matter how hard one tries, it’s tough to transform the topic of fertilizers into lively
conversation. But for all gardeners, knowledge of fertilizers and how to apply
them effectively is as crucial to vigorous plant growth as knowing a plant’s
hardiness zones. So in the interest of growing healthy plants, what follows is a
brief discussion of the why, what, how, and when of applying these
multivitamins.
 5
Fertilizer

Is a substance added to soil to improve plants’ growth and yield. First

used by ancient farmers, fertilizer technology developed significantly as the
chemical needs of growing plants were discovered. Modern synthetic fertilizers
are composed mainly of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium compounds with
secondary nutrients added. The use of synthetic fertilizers has significantly
improved the quality and quantity of the food available today, although their
long-term use is debated by environments.

Like all living organisms, plants are made up of cells occur numerous
metabolic chemical reactions that are responsible for growth and
reproduction. Since plants do not eat food like animals, they depend on nutrients
in the soil to provide the basic chemicals for these metabolic reactions. The
supply of these components in soil is limited, however, and as plants are
harvested, it dwindles, causing a reduction in the quality and yield of plants.

Fertilizers replace the chemical components that are taken from the soil
by growing plants. However, they are also designed to improve the growing
potential of soil, and fertilizers can create a better growing environment than
natural soil. They can also be tailored to suit the type of crop that is being grown.
Typically, fertilizers are composed of nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium
compounds. They also contain trace elements that improve the growth of plants.

The primary components in fertilizers are nutrients which are vital for
plant growth. Plant use nitrogen in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and
hormones. When plants are nitrogen deficient, they are marked by reduced
growth and yellowing of leaves. Plants also need phosphorus, a component of
nucleic acids, phospholipids, and several proteins. It is also necessary to provide
the energy to drive metabolic chemical reactions. Without enough phosphorus,
plant growth is reduced . potassium is another major substance that plants get
from the soil. It is used in protein synthesis and other key plant processes.
Yellowing, spots of dead tissue, and weak stems and roots are all indicative of
plants that lack enough potassium.
 6
Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are also important materials in plant
growth. They are only included in fertilizers in small amounts, however, since
most soils naturally contain enough of these components. Other materials are
needed in relatively small amounts for plant growth. These micro nutrients
include iron, chlorine, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum,and boron, which
primarily function as co-factors in enzymes reactions. While they may be present
in small amounts, these compounds are no less important to growth, and without
them plants can die.

Many different substances are used to provide the essential nutrients

needed for an effective fertilizer. These compounds can be mined or isolated
from naturally occurring sources. Examples include sodium nitrate, seaweed,
bones, guano, potash, and phosphate rick. Compounds can also be chemically
synthesized from basic raw materials. These would include such things as
ammonia, urea, nitric acid, and ammonium phosphate. Since these compounds
exist in a number of physical states, fertilizers can be sold as solids, liquids, or
slurries.
 7
CHAPTER III
Methodology

Materials and Equipment

The materials to be used were 20 pieces of Eggshell, 100 ml Vinegar,

Pestle, Pan, 2 Jars, a piece of cloth and 100 ml Beaker.

General Procedure
1. The researchers will gather eggshells and will wash to remove the
filaments inside.
2. Pan fries the eggshell. Fry until some are brown or black, and some are
white.
3. After roasting the eggshell, grind them up with a pestle.
4. Add them to a jar and add the vinegar, it helps to digest the eggshell.
5. Bubbling as this process converts the ingredients to liquid calcium
phosphate.
6. Wait until tiny bubbles disappear.
7. Seal the jar and ferment for at least 7 days.

Testing Procedure

The finished product will be sprayed to the soil. Wait until the plant
grows.
 8
CHAPTER IV
Result and Discussion

Result

The experiment started last January 1, 2017 with the prepared

experimental flower fertilizer to be sprayed to the soil.

By the everyday use of the experimental flower fertilizer, the appearance

of the flower has seen after 3 weeks. Furthermore, the appearance of the flower
would last after 1 or 2 day/s.

Discussion

As a result of the experiment, there is no significant difference in terms of

the odor, growth of the plant and appearance between the experimental product
and commercial one. Therefore, the experimental flower fertilizer is comparable
to the commercial one.
 9
Experimental and Figures

Five respondent were asked to use the flower fertilizer. The five
respondents were asked to rate the flower fertilizer in terms of odor, growth of
the
plant, appearance using point Like-rt Scale.

Like-rt Scale In Terms:

Odor

The smell of the product is pleasant to 3- Very good

our nose.

The smell of the product is odourless. 2- good

The smell of the product is unpleasant. 1- satisfactory

Growth of the plants

The plant is presentable. 2- Very good

The plant is slightly beautiful 3- good

The plant has good appearance. 1- satisfactory

Appearance

The plant is presentable. 1- Very good

The plant is slightly beautiful 2- good

The plant has good appearance. 1- satisfactory

 10
Table 1: Comparison between the Experimental and Commercial Product in
terms of Odor.

Respondent Experimental Commercial

1 2 3
2 3 3
3 3 3
4 2 2
5 2 3
Total 12 14
Mean 2.4 2.8

Table 1 shows the difference between the commercial and experimental

fertilizer in terms of odor. It is 1-3,3 as the highest and 1 as the lowest.

Table 2: Comparison between the Experimental and Commercial Product in

terms of Growth of the Plant

Respondent Experimental Commercial

1 3 2
2 3 3
3 2 3
4 3 3
5 3 2
Total 14 13
Mean 2.8 2.6

Table 2: shows the difference between the commercial and experimental product
in terms of growth of the plant. It is rated 1-3,3 as the highest and 1 is the lowest.
 11
Table 3: Comparison between the Experimental and Commercial Product In
terms of Appearance

Respondent Experimental Commercial

1 2 3

2 2 3

3 3 3

4 3 2

5 3 3

Total 13 14

Mean 2.6 2.8

Table 3 shows the difference between commercial and experimental

product is terms of appearance. It is rated 1-3, 3 as the highest and 1 is the
lowest.
 12
CHAPTER V

Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter present the conclusion and recommendation of the research

plan.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the experiment, the conclusion was obtained:

1. There is no significant difference in the growth of the plant and appearance

between the experimental and commercial product. Therefore, the
experimental flower fertilizer is comparable to the commercial one.
2. The experimental product is better than the commercial one in terms of
growth of the plant.

Recommendations

The data and results obtained led the researchers to make the following
recommendation:

1. Additional materials are needed to improve the scent or odor like the extract
of sampaguita, ilang-ilang or rose flower.
2. Test the other materials that are capable of producing fertilizer such as
seashells, crab shell or anything shells, and biodegradable things.
3. Further study should be made to improve the quality of the product so that it
will last.
4. To the future researchers who would want to improve this study for the better
outcome and results.
 13
Bibliography

Mullins, G.L., and B.F. Hajek (1996) Phosphorus accumulation and loss from
Alabama soils receiving poultry litter, Alabama Ag. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 631.

Ratti N, Kumar S, Verma HN, Gautam SP(2001), Improvement in

bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogonmartinii var. Motia by
rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillium inoculation. 156(2):145-9

A.L. Elliott, J.G. Davis, R.M. Waskom, Extension water resource specialist;
J.R. Self, director, Soil, Water and Plant Testing Lab; and D.K. Christensen,
research associate, department of horticulture. 7/05. Reviewed 10/09.
 14
Documentation of the Experimental