INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The traditional sun drying method of a palay grain is still widely practiced by

most farmers. After drying, the palay grain is piled using a wooden board. After

wards, the palay grain is placed into a bag using a metal scoop. All of the above

operations are done manually consuming too much time and effort. Collecting and

bagging operation is considered one of the difficult tasks in sun drying.

Palay grain collector is a machine that collects the palay grain in a concrete

pavement and put it in a container.

Rice quality is the major factor affecting its market value. Immediately

following harvest, rice quality is typically at its peak. A primary measure of rice

quality is head rice yield which is greatly influenced by drying. The final quality of

rice, ready to market, is sensitive to all post-harvest processes, such as drying,

handling, storage, and milling. Rice is graded using several classifications designed to

characterize rice quality. According on-farm rice drying and storage has the potential

to increase harvest efficiency, reduce harvesting delays, and provide more control

over grain quality, all of which contribute to overall market/delivery time flexibility.

It is for this reason that this research was undertaken to design, fabricate a rice

grain collector that would help farmers, rice traders and millers to contribute to the

reduction of losses, save time, labor, and cost of collecting and bagging.

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 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Improvement of the
Design of the palay Efficiency of the palay
design of rice grain
grain collector grain collector
collector and
availability of machine
parts and components

Fabrication of parts for

the palay grain collector

Evaluate the quality of

Collecting palay grains
palay grains

Fig 1 Conceptual Framework of Palay grain collector

General Objectives

This study will focus on the improvement of the design of palay grain

collecting machine for faster collecting of grains.

Specific Objectives

1.) To increase the number of grains to be collected by using blower impeller in the

suction

2.) To design the cyclone separator for the discharge of palay grain

3.) To test the efficiency of palay grain collector

4.) To evaluate the quality of grains

Significance of the Study

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 This study provides a faster way in collecting palay grain by helping the

farmers. It improves an existing palay grain collector that benefits all farmers that will

reduce the time of operation and labor cost. The time saved will be used for other

purposes.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focuses on improving the existing machine to improve the

efficiency of palay grain collecting and faster collecting of palay grains. The machine

will operate only on concrete pavement.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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 This chapter provides a review of related literature and studies of palay grain

collector. It also provides definition and gives knowledge related to the researcher.

Collecting

Collecting is a group of objects or an amount of material accumulated in one

location.

Machine Design

A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It

evolves from someone’s conception of a device with which accomplishes a particular

purpose. From the conception follows a study of the arrangements of parts, the

location and length of links, the places of gears, bolts, springs, cams and other

elements of machines. (Faires, 1969)

Shaft

It is a rotating member, in general, has a circular cross-section and is used to

transmit power.

Design of Shafts

The following formulas were used in determining power transmitted on shafts.

This was taken from Philippine Mechanical Engineering (PME) Code.

For main shafts,

D3 N
P=
80

Where:P = Power transmitted, Hp

D = Shaft diameter, in

N = Rotational Speed, RPM

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 V-Belts

This was a flexible machine element used to transmit motion and power shaft

with short center distances.

Fig 2 Drive Belt Drive Geometry

Pulley

Wheels with one or more rims used to transmit motion and power by means of

one or more belts

Design of V-Belt and Pulley

Length of V-Belt

π ( D 2−D 1 )2
L=2 c + ( D 2+ D 1 ) +
2 4c

Where:

c = center distance

D2 = pitch diameter of bigger pulley

D1 = pitch diameter of smaller pulley

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Arc of Contact

D2−D1
θ=π +
c

Where:

Ɵ = arc of contact in radian

c = center distance

Power of the Motor

Design HP=Power Transmitted (Nsf )

Where:

Nsf = service factor

Rated Hp/Belt

0.09
103 Vb 2
Rated HP
Belt
=a
[( )
Vb
−
c
Kd ( D 1 ) ( )] ( )
−e
106
Vb
103

Where:

a, c, and e = constants

Vb = velocity in fpm

Kd = correction factor

D1 = pitch diameter of smaller pulley in inches

Adjusted Rated Hp/Belt

Adjusted Rated HP Rated HP

Belt
=( K θ ) ( K L ) (
Belt )
Where:

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KƟ = correction factor

KL = correction factor

Rated HP/Belt in HP

Adjusted Rated HP/Belt in HP

Number of V-Belts

Design HP
No .of Belts=
Adjusted Rated HP

DESIGN OF PULLEY

The following formula was based from the “Design of Machine Elements” by

V.M. Faires, 1969,

V = πDN
Where:V = Linear velocity of the pulley, m/s

N = Rotational speed of the pulley, RPM

D = Diameter of the pulley, m

Blower

Centrifugal blowers use high speed impellers or blades to impart velocity to

air or other gases. They can be single or multi-stage units. Like fans, centrifugal

blowers offer a number of blade orientations, including backward curved, forward

curved, and radial. Blowers can be multi- or variable speed units.

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 Fig 3 Blower and Impeller

Design of the blower

Role of impeller is to supply required amount of air efficiently. The design

requirement is as follows.

Q A =A x V

Where:QA = Volume flow rate, m3/s

A = πD2, area, m

V = Velocity, m/s

Cyclone Separator

Produce highly effective separation of dust and dirt from the air by applying

centrifugal forces to the dust particles. This is accomplished by creating a high

incoming-air velocity that produces a high rate of spin inside the separation chamber.

The cleaner air is then sent to a final filter for further separation of the extremely fine

dust that was not captured in the cyclone.

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 Fig 4 Cyclone Separator

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Engine-Driven

Pneumatic Paddy Collector

By: Sony P. Aquino, Helen F. Gavino, Victorino T. Taylan, and Teresito G.

Aguinaldo

Abstract

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 A simple mobile engine-driven pneumatic paddy collector made of locally

available materials using local manufacturing technology was designed, fabricated,

and tested for collecting and bagging of paddy dried on concrete pavement. The

pneumatic paddy collector had the following major components: radial flat bladed

type centrifugal fan, power transmission system, bagging area, frame and the

conveyance system. Results showed significant differences on the collecting capacity,

noise level, and fuel consumption when rotational speed of the air mover shaft was

varied. Other parameters such as collecting efficiency, air velocity, augmented

cracked grain percentage, and germination rate were not significantly affected by

varying rotational speed of the air mover shaft. The pneumatic paddy collector had a

collecting efficiency of 99.33% with a collecting capacity of 2685.00kg/h at

maximum rotational speed of centrifugal fan shaft of about 4200rpm. The machine

entailed an investment cost of P 62,829.25. The break-even weight of paddy was

510,606.75kg/yr at a collecting cost of 0.11 P/kg of paddy. Utilizing the machine for

400 hours per year generated an income of P 23,887.73. The projected time needed to

recover cost of the machine based on 2685kg/h collecting capacity was 2.63 year.

Design and Fabrication of Cyclone Separator

By: Kashan Bashir

Abstract

To design a cyclone abatement system for particulate control, it is necessary to

accurately estimate cyclone performance. In this cyclone study, new theoretical

methods for computing travel distance, numbers of turns and cyclone pressure drop

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have been developed. The flow pattern and cyclone dimensions determine the travel

distance in a cyclone. The number of turns was calculated based on this travel

distance. The new theoretical analysis of cyclone pressure drop was tested against

measured data at different inlet velocities and gave excellent agreement. The results

show that cyclone pressure drop varies with the inlet velocity, but not with cyclone

diameter.

Cyclone cut-points for different dusts were traced from measured cyclone

overall collection efficiencies and the theoretical model for calculating cyclone

overall efficiency. The cut-point correction models 2D2D cyclones were developed

through regression fit from traced and theoretical cut-points Diameter.

Experimental results indicate that optimal cyclone design velocities, which are

for 2D2D cyclones, should be determined based on standard air density. It is

important to consider the air density effect on cyclone performance in the design of

cyclone abatement systems. The tangential inlet generates the swirling motion of the

gas stream, which forces particles toward the outer wall where they spiral in the

downward direction. Eventually the particles are collected in the dustbin located at the

bottom of the conical section of the cyclone body. The cleaned gas leaves through the

exit pipe at the top.

In Pakistan it has been installed in many industries its Main modes of

operation is similar to collect the particles but the collection of particles and method

of collection are Distinguish. Cement Sector is one of advance sector application for

Cyclone Separator. DG cement in one of those Cement Manufacturing Plant where

Cyclone working efficiently.

Design and Analysis of Impeller for Centrifugal Blower using Solid Works

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 By: KAY THI MYAING, HTAY HTAY WIN

Abstract

In this paper, backward-curved impeller was simulated and compared with

theoretical result by using SolidWorks Software. Flow Analysis is also based on the

computational fluid dynamic and can obtain the results for the estimation of the outlet

flow velocity components, pressure distribution and temperature distribution for

impeller. SolidWorks is used to build 3D geometry for analysis using SolidWorks

Flow Simulation. The impeller design calculation consists of shaft diameter, hub

diameter, vane inlet diameter, and inlet width, inlet vane angle, outside diameter and

outlet width. The inlet and outlet velocities are considered. The impeller inlet width

and outlet width are designed 43 mm and 22 mm. Impeller inlet vane angle is

calculated 34° and outlet vane angle is 50°. Impeller inlet diameter and outlet

diameter are 260 mm and 600 mm. The number of vane is 12. Centrifugal blower is

very useful in many industries and farm machinery operations because this one is very

simple and easiest way to support air supply for these applications.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will discuss the procedures of the study and how to accomplished

by the researcher.

Research Design

This study will be based on existing palay grain collector and will be

improved. It will start from the design, fabrication and evaluation of the said machine.

Fabrication of Palay Grain Collector

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 The construction of the model will be done by putting together the different

parts, blower, impeller and cyclone separator. Fabricated parts will be welded.

Materials that will be used are motor engine, belt and pulley.

Operation of Palay Grain Collector

The blower will suction the rice grain into the impeller housing. Then the rice

grains will be discharged to the cyclone separator and the cyclone separator will

discharge the dust and air. The rice grain will rotate in the cyclone and will go down

to bottom. It will be discharged to a pipe leading to the container of the rice grain.

Evaluation of the Palay Grain Collector

After the fabrication, the researcher will test the efficiency of the palay grain

collector and during the evaluation process the collecting capacity and quality of

grains will be determined

Collecting Capacity

This refers to the quantity of palay grains will be collected per unit time.

Collecting capacity of the machine will be determined using:

W pg
Fc=
t

Where:Fc = Collecting capacity, kg/hr

Wrg = Weight of collected palay grain, kg

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 t = time of collection, hr

Collecting Efficiency

The collecting efficiency of the machine is the ratio of palay grains to be

collected and the sum of palay grains to be collected

W pg
Ce= x 100
Wc

Where:Ce = Collecting efficiency, %

Wrg = Weight of palay grains to be collected, kg

Wc = Weight of palay grains collected, kg

LITERATURE CITED

Sony P. Aquino, Helen F. Gavino, Victorino T. Taylan, and Teresito G. Aguinaldo.

2013. Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Engine-Driven
Pneumatic Paddy Collector

KAY THI MYAING, HTAY HTAY WIN, May 2014. Design and Analysis of
Impeller for Centrifugal Blower using Solid Works. International Journal of Scientific
Engineering and Technology Research Volume.03, IssueNo.10, May-2014, Pages:
2138-2142

Kashan Bashir. August 2015. Design and fabrication of cyclone separator.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312160127

Prof. (Dr). M.L Kulkarni, Shubham Goyal, Dhaivat Acharya, Deep Khant and SK
Azharuddin. 2014. Design of a Centrifugal Blower Adopting Reverse Engineering

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Approach. Volume 11, Issue 2 Ver. VI (Mar- Apr. 2014), PP 28-33
www.iosrjournals.org

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