Structural Analysis

Building Type: Educational

Brief Report on Seismic Resistance Analysis and Design of Educational
Building Structure

Owner’s Name:
Valmiki school

2016
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 4
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING................................................................................. 6
2.1 BUILDING DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 7
3. NUMERICAL MODELING................................................................................................. 8
4. ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 10
4.1. LOAD CASES CONSIDERED .................................................................................................... 10
4.2. LOAD COMBINATION ............................................................................................................. 10
4.3. DEAD LOADS ......................................................................................................................... 10
4.3.1 Wall Loads ........................................................................................................................ 11
4.4. LIVE LOADS .......................................................................................................................... 11
4.5. SEISMIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 11
4.5.1. Seismic Coefficient Method.......................................................................................... 11
4.5.2. Response Spectrum Method.......................................................................................... 12
4.6. DESIGN PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................ 12
4.7. STOREY DRIFT CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................. 13
4.8. MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES IN FRAMES ........................................................................... 13
5. DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 15
5.1 DESIGN SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 15
6. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 16
7. RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................................... 16
ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................. 17
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 17
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS ...................................................................
18
SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN...................................................................................................... 18
SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN ................................................................................................ 21
COLUMN DESIGN SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 25
SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 28
SAMPLE STAIRCASE DESIGN ........................................................................................... 31
SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN................................................................................................ 35
FOOTING DESIGN SUMMARY......................................................................................... 38
ANNEX -III: STRUCTURE RELATED CHECKS..................................................................... 39
Check for Beam-Column Capacity .......................................................................................... 39
Check for Capacity Shear of Column ...................................................................................... 40
Check for Sufficiency of ties in column .................................................................................. 40
Check for Confining Links in column ..................................................................................... 41
Sample Calculation of Effective Length Factor....................................................................... 42

1|Page
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Building Description .................................................................................................... 7
Table 4-1: Wall Loads ................................................................................................................. 11
Table 4-2: Design Parameters ...................................................................................................... 12
Table 4-3: Storey Drift Calculations ............................................................................................
13
Table 5-1: Design Summary ........................................................................................................ 15
 Valmaki School

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Ground Floor Plan of the Building ............................................................................. 6
Figure 3-1: Three dimensional view of building in SAP2000 .......................................................
8
Figure 3-2: Plans with Sections Assigned ..................................................................................... 9
Figure 3-3: Elevation with sections assigned................................................................................. 9
Figure 4-1: Sample Bending Moment Diagram (Grid 2-2) ......................................................... 13
Figure 4-2: Sample Shear Force Diagram (Grid 2-2) .................................................................. 14
Figure 4-3: Sample Axial Force Diagram (Grid 2-2) .................................................................. 14
 1. INTRODUCTION

An overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design

Nepal lies in an earthquake prone zone. It is located in the boundary between Indian plate and Tibetan
plate. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. Earthquakes are the most sudden, dramatic and
devastating natural calamities. Although they last only for few seconds to minutes, they are the most
devastating ones. Past records of the earthquake show that eighteen major earthquakes have hit Nepal till
now. So, special consideration of earthquake forces while designing a building is mandatory in Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building earthquake-
proof. Although earthquake proof structures may be viable in terms of engineering but they are not
financially viable. However, it is possible to design and build earthquake-resilient (more precisely
seismic resilient) structures. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake
occurs, the building won’t collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is
ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake
forces making it seismic resistant.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of a building, equally important, is its
construction. The role of a contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at site. He is required to execute the work according to drawings supplied by the
consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of the building
is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that quality of
material and workmanship play an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence,
quality assurance of construction works is the key to good seismic performance of a building.

Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor, moderate and strong.
Relatively, minor shakings occur frequently, moderate shakings occasionally and strong shakings rarely.
For instance, on average annually about 800 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0-5.9 on Richter scale occur in
the world while the number is only about 19 for magnitude of range 7.0-7.9 on Richter scale. So, should
we design and construct a building to resist that rare earthquake shaking that may come only once in 500
years or even once in 2000 years at the chosen project site, even though the life of the building itself may
be only 50 or 100 years? Since it costs money to provide additional earthquake safety in buildings, a
conflict arises: Should we do away with the design of buildings for earthquake effects? Or should we
design the buildings to be “earthquake proof” wherein there is no damage during the strong but rare
earthquake shaking? Clearly, the former approach can lead to a major disaster, and the second approach
is too expensive. Hence, the design philosophy should lie somewhere in between these two extremes.

The engineers do not attempt to make earthquake proof buildings that will not get damaged even during
the rare but strong earthquakes; such buildings will be too robust and also too expensive. Instead, the
engineering intention is to make buildings earthquake resistant and affordable; such buildings resist the
effects of ground shaking, although they may get damaged severely but would not collapse during the
strong earthquake. Thus, safety of people and contents is assured in earthquake-resistant buildings, and
thereby a disaster is avoided. This is a major objective of seismic design codes throughout the world.
Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy

The earthquake design philosophy may be summarized as follows:

a) Under minor shakings which occur frequently, the main members of the buildings that carry vertical
and lateral forces should not be damaged; however non-structural parts may sustain repairable damages.
It is assured that the building will be fully operational within a short time and the repair costs will be
small
b) Under moderate shakings which are occasional, the structural elements may sustain repairable
damage, while the non-structural elements may be heavily damaged; the building will be operational
followed by repair and re-strengthening of the damaged structural elements and replacing of damaged
non-structural elements.
c) Under strong shakings which are rare, the main members may sustain severe damage, but the building
should not collapse; the building may become dysfunctional for further use, but will stand so that people
can be evacuated and property recovered.

The degree to which the building is to be assured against the possibility of damage must be considered
while designing the building. Important buildings like hospitals, health posts, fire stations, post offices
communication towers, electric power houses which play a critical role in post-earthquake activities
must remain functional immediately after the earthquake and hence require higher degree of assurance
against possible damage. Public buildings, educational buildings, busy commercial complex etc. where
the risk of human loss is high and some critical structures like nuclear power plants, dams, etc. whose
collapse may cause secondary disasters are also designed to assure higher level of safety against
earthquakes. Other buildings like residential buildings, offices, mercantile buildings etc. are designed for
lower level of safety, while the design philosophy mentioned above is always maintained. However, the
level of safety to be assured in the design may also depend upon the demand of the client.

Design of buildings to resist earthquakes involves controlling the damage to acceptable levels at a
reasonable cost. Contrary to the common thinking that any crack in the building after an earthquake
means the building is unsafe for habitation, some damage in non-structural elements may be
unavoidable. Different types of damages (mainly visualized through cracks; especially so in concrete and
masonry buildings) may occur in buildings during earthquakes. Some of these cracks are acceptable (in
terms of both their size and location), while others are not. In general, qualified technical professionals
may only be knowledgeable of the causes and severity of damage in earthquake-resistant buildings.
 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

This is a three storied residential building which include a ground floor, first floor and second
floor. The floor to floor height is 3.2 m. The building plan is irregular and L in shape. The
maximum height of the building is 12.1 m feet. The width of the building is 19.3m and
length is 20.1m.

Figure 2-1: Ground Floor Plan of the Building

 2.1 Building Description
Table 2-1: Building Description
General features:
Project: Educational Building
Location: Bhatarpur Municipality, Chitwan
Land Parcel No. 9
Land Area 0-5-3-1 as per lalpurja
Floor Area: 80.08 sq.m.
Architectural features:
Type of Building: Residential Building
Number of Floors: 3 floors
Height of Storey: 3.2 m
Total Height of the Building: 9.6 m
Wall and Partition: Masonry Walls
Structural features:
Structural System: RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type: Isolated Footing
300mm x 300mm, 400mm x 400mm,
Columns:

Beams 230mm x 430mm

Intermediate Beams 230 mm x 300 mm, 175 mm x 350 mm
Slab 125 mm overall depth
Geotechnical Features:
Soil Type: Type III (Soft Soil)
Seismic Zone: V (as per IS 1893:2002, Part-1)
Allowable bearing capacity 120 KN/m2
Material
Grade of concrete: M25 for column, beam, slab and footings.
Grade of steel: Fe 500
Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of the masonry wall 19.2 KN/ m3
Unit weight of cement sand plaster 20.4 KN/ m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000 √fck
0.20 for concrete
Poisson’s Ratio
0.30 for rebar
 3. NUMERICAL MODELING

A three dimensional finite element model of the whole structural system is created in SAP2000.
The structural system is considered as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Main
components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. Beams and columns are modeled as
frame elements while slabs are modeled as four-nodded shell elements. The support condition
at the base is idealized as a fixed support and hence any moment release at the base of columns
is neglected. The moment release at the beam/column joints is also neglected. The stiffness of
masonry infill walls is not taken into consideration; however their self-weight is applied onto
the beams in the form of uniformly distributed loads.

Figure 3-1: Three dimensional view of building in SAP2000

 Figure 3-2: Plans with Sections Assigned

Figure 3-3: Elevation with sections assigned

 4. ANALYSIS

For the purpose of structural analysis various Indian Standard Codes are followed for loadings,
load combinations and other analysis procedures.
4.1.Load Cases Considered
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000
and IS1893-2002.
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (EQX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (-EQX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (EQY)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (-EQY)
4.2.Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS 1893:2002 for Static Analysis.
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EL)
1.5(DL±EL)
0.9DL±1.5EL Where, DL= Dead load
LL = Imposed (Live) load
EL = Earthquake load (Along X and Y direction)
4.3.Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls,
staircase, plasters and mortars, floor finish and water tank. The weight of building materials
are taken as per IS 875 (Part 1-1987).
Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]
Materials Unit weight(γ)
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³
Brick Masonry 19.20 KN/m³
Floor Finishing (Screeding & punning) 23.00 KN/m³
Cement Sand Plaster 20.40 KN/m³
Floor finishing (Marble) 25.00 KN/m³
 4.3.1 Wall Loads
Table 4-1: Wall Loads
Type of Wall Applied Load (kN/m)
External Wall 14.2
External Wall with opening 9.9
Partition Wall 14.2
Partition Wall with opening 9.2
Parapet Wall 4.5

4.4. Live Loads

Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875
part II.
Rooms 3.0 KN/m2
Toilet/ Bathrooms/ Kitchens 2.0 KN/m2
Balcony/ Stairs 4.0 KN/m2
Terrace/ Roof 1.5.0 KN/m2
4.5. Seismic Analysis

4.5.1. Seismic Coefficient Method

Design Base Shear VB = Ah *W [7.5.3, IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

Where,
Ah = Design horizontal seismic coefficient as per 6.4.2 IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

= Z I Sa / (2 R g )

Z =Zone Factor = 0.36 for seismic zone V

I = Importance Factor = 1.5

R = Response Reduction Factor = 5 for SMRF

Sa/g= Average Response acceleration coefficient on the basis of time period, T of the
structure [Fig.2 IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

T = 0.075h0.75 [7.6.1, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002]. For RCC frame without brick infill panels

h=Height of building (m) above ground level [7.6.1 IS: 1893 (part1) 2002]

W= Seismic Weight of Building, that includes total Dead load plus appropriate amount of
live load. [7.4, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

 Percentage of live load to be taken for calculating seismic weight =25% for live load
intensity up to and including 3.0 KN/m2 and 50% for live load intensity above 3.0
KN/m2. [Table 8, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].
 The live load on roof need not be considered for calculating the seismic weight of the
building. [7.3.2 IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].
4.6. Design Parameters
Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.
Method adopted for design Seismic Coeff. Method
Response function IS 1893: 2002
Seismic Zone Zone V
Zone factor 0.36
Soil Type Type III
Fundamental Time Period (T) 0.5 sec
Importance factor 1.5
Response reduction factor 5
Seismic Weight 6127.5 kN
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along –x 827.2 kN
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along -y 827.2 kN
Base shear generated through dynamic analysis along -x 827.2 kN
Base shear generated through dynamic analysis along-y 827.2 kN

Table 4-2: Design Parameters

4.7. Storey Drift Calculations
Table 4-3: Storey Drift Calculations
Storey Displacement (m) Storey Drift (m) Storey Ht. Drift Ratio
U1 U2 D1 D2 (m) DR1 DR2
3rd 0.0122 0.0081 0.00285 0.00186 3.02 0.0009 0.0006
2nd 0.0094 0.0063 0.00431 0.00297 3.02 0.0014 0.001
1st 0.0051 0.0033 0.00506 0.0033 3.02 0.0017 0.0011
Ground 0 0

It is seen that the drift ratios are below the limited value 0.004. Storey drifts are within 0.4% the
storey height for earthquake in both directions, hence within the safe limits (IS1893 (Part
1):2002 Clause 7.11.1).
4.8.Moments and Shear Forces in Frames
The moments and shear forces of the buildings were analyzed using the SAP. The analysis is
used for identification of critical sections and to find out the design requirements so as to design
various structural components. The sample moment diagrams and shear force diagram samples
of the sections around these critical components, as extracted from SAP are as follows:

Figure 4-1: Sample Bending Moment Diagram

Figure 4-2: Sample Shear Force Diagram (Grid M-M)

Figure 4-3: Sample Axial Force Diagram (Grid 4-4)

 5. DESIGN

The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties
(grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of
steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members are carried out using limit state
method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest design
methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept
of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate loads and
adequate serviceability at service loads.
For the design of the members, IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have
been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of
building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in
beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination. Spacing of the shear
reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -
1993.Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.

Beams and columns have been designed using SAP2000 are shown in this report in ANNEX
II. The structural design of sections and reinforcements are presented in the drawing.

5.1 Design Summary

Table 5-1: Design Summary
Building type RCC Frame Building
No of Storey 3
Design Base Shear (301.36 kN, 300.37 kN)
Columns are of size 300mm x 300mm, 400mm x 400mm
Columns

Beams are of size 300mm x 430mm.

Beams
Reinforcement details are shown in the structural drawings.
Intermediate beams of size 230mmx300mm,
Intermediate beams 175mmx350mm. Reinforcement details are shown in the
structural drawings.
Slab of thickness 150 mm is provided everywhere.
Slab
Reinforcement Details are shown in structural drawings.
Staircase of waist slab 150 mm is provided. Reinforcement
Staircase
details are as shown in structural drawings.
Isolated footings are designed. Details are shown in the
Footing
structural drawings.
Maximum Drift ratio 0.0017
Maximum Displacement 12.22 mm
 6. CONCLUSION

After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the
gravity as well as Seismic Loads. The section sizes and reinforcements are sufficient enough to
withstand all kinds of possible axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces. The design is good
enough to assure them Life Safety level of performance under the Design Basis Earthquake
considered for Zone V, Importance Factor 1 and soft soil condition as per IS1893:2002.. Ductile
detailing has been extensively adopted while detailing.

7. RECOMMENDATIONS

Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A performance of a building
depends upon a work and material quality during the construction more than the intensions
pursued during structural design. A large percentage of structural failures are attributed due to
poor quality of construction. Therefore, to assure the proper safety, material and work quality
should be maintained during the construction. However, designer will not be responsible for any
faulty constructions at site.

1. It is recommended to strictly follow the section sizes and reinforcements provided in the
structural drawings.
2. It is recommended that the site engineer should be responsible to handle the problems that
may arise during construction. He/she shall also be responsible for maintaining the material
and process quality during construction.
3. It is strictly recommended that any changes in the design shall be done only with the
consultation of the structural designer.
4. It is strictly recommended to maintain the standards in the grade of cement and
reinforcement steel. It is recommended to run a cube test to ensure the strength and quality
of the concrete ratio used. It is also recommended to run a re-bending test of the
reinforcement steels to ensure the quality of steel used.
5. It is recommended to carry out the soil test to check the bearing capacity before construction
so as to ensure the assumed value of 120 KN/m2 is within safe limits.
ANNEXES
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures (second revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads
Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic
forces - Code of Practice

IS: 4326-1993 Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and
Bros, Rookie, 1999

Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1996

Pillai,U.C. and Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Menon,D. Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003

Dr. Adnan, A. Advanced Foundation Engineering Design Equations for Strap Footings
Basma
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS

SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN

The design calculation of beam at grid C2-C4 at ground floor has been shown in sample beam
design.
Design Calculations:
Concrete Grade= M20
Steel Grade= Fe500

Ref. Step Calculations

1 Known Data
Overall Depth D = 430.00 mm
Width B = 230.00 mm
Length of Beam L = 5.66 m
Consider, 16mm Ø bar Ø = 16.00 mm
Clear Cover c = 20.00 mm
Effective Depth d = 402.00 mm
d' = 28.00
Characteristic Strength of Concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm2
Strength of Steel fy = 500.00 N/mm2
L/D ratio = 13.17
IS
13920:1993 2 Minimum Reinforcement
Clause 6.2.1 b
0.24*√fck *b*d
Astmin= fy Astmin = 198.48 mm2
ptmin = 0.215%
IS
13920:1993 Maximum Reinforcement
Clause 6.2.2
Astmax= 0.025*b*d Astmax = 2311.50 mm2
Limiting Moment,

For fy=500, xumax/d=0.46

Mulim= 2.672*b*d2 Mulim = 99.31535 kN-m

3 Beam Resultant Shear and Resultant Moment from SAP2000

 A Design for Moment
1. Design for Hogging Moment
Ultimate Moment Mu = 60 kN-m
Design for Singly Reinforced Section.
For Singly Reinforced Beam,
d'/d = 0.07
2
Mu/bd = 1.61
SP 16 Table-2 % of Steel at Tension Zone pt = 0.42 %
Required area of Steel at Tension Zone Ast = 383.71 mm2
SP 16 Table-2 % of Steel at Compression Zone pc = 0.00 %
Required area of Steel at Compression Asc = 0.00 mm 2
Zone

2. Design for Sagging Moment

Ultimate Moment Mu = 20.00 kN-m
For Singly Reinforced Beam,
SP 16, Table 4 d'/d = 0.07
Mu/bd2 = 0.54
SP 16 Table-2 % of Steel at Tension Zone pt = 0.131 %
Required area of Steel at Tension Zone Ast = 121.12 mm2
SP 16 Table-
54 % of Steel at Compression Zone pc = 0.00 %
Required area of Steel at Compression Asc = 0.00 mm 2
Zone

3. Reinforcement Provided
At end Sections
Nos. Ø (mm)
At Top,
3 16
Ast = 603.18 mm2
At Bottom,
3 16
Ast = 603.18 mm2
At mid sections
Nos. Ø (mm)
 At Top,
3 16
Ast = 603.18 mm2
At Bottom,
3 16
Ast = 603.18 mm2

Design Shear Strength of Concrete

Tensile Steel provided at Right end pt = 0.65 %
SP-16, Table Permissible Design shear stress of concrete = 0.60 N/mm
2
61
Vc = 55.48 kN
Max. Shear at Right end, Vu = 74 kN

B Design for Shear

Vus = Vu - Vc Vus = 18.52 kN
Vus/d = 0.46 kN/cm

Refer SP 16 Table 62,

mm
Required spacing of 2-legged 8Ø stirrups = 450.00
c/c
As per clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920: 1993, the spacing of stirrups in the mid-
span
shall not exceed d/2 = 201.0 mm

Minimum shear reinforcement as per Clause 26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000 is

given by, Sv=(Asv*0.87*fy)/(0.4*b) = 472.83 mm

Provide 2-legged 8 Ø stirrups @ 100 mm c/c

at end sections over length of 2D = 0.86 m
or 0.3*L = 1.70 m
whichever is greater.
Provide 2-legged 8 Ø stirrups @ 100 mm c/c over length 0.3L.
Elsewhere, provide stirrups at 150mm c/c over mid-section.
SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN
The design calculation of beam at grid C2 at ground floor has been shown in sample beam
design. Column design summary is also presented, showing the calculated reinforcement and
provided reinforcement at each floors.
Design Calculations:
Concrete Grade= M20
Steel Grade= Fe500

Ref Step Calculations

1 Known Data
Overall Depth of Column D = 350.00 mm
Width of Column B = 350.00 mm
Height L = 3.02 m
Characteristic Strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm2
Strength of Steel fy = 500.00 N/mm2
IS 456:2000
Clause a Minimum Reinforcement
26.5.3.1
Astmin=0.8% of BD = 980.00 mm2
IS 456:2000
Clause b Maximum Reinforcement
26.5.3.1
Astmax=4% of BD = 4900.00 mm2

Design Forces and Moments from SAP2000

 2 Design for Section
From SAP2000,
Axial Load Pu = 709.00 kN
Moment about X-axis Mx = 76.00 kN-m
Moment about Y-axis My = 62.00 kN-m
Eccentricity,
IS
456:2000 (Clear Height of Column/500)+(Lateral Dimension/30)
Clause
25.4
e = 16.81 mm
Eccentricity ≥ 20 mm

Minimum Moment Pu*e = 14.18 kN-m

a Approx. Design
i Design for Earthquake in X-Direction
Pu = 709.00 kN

Mux = 76.00 kN-m

Pu
 0.289
f ck DB
M ux
 0.089
2
f ck BD
Clear Cover c = 40.00 mm
Assume bar Ø Ø = 20.00 mm
d'=c+Ø/2 d' = 50.00 mm
d'/D = 0.143
SP16, P

f ck 0.050
Chart 49

i Design for Earthquake in Y-Direction

i
Pu = 709.00 kN
= 62.00 kN-m
Muy
Pu 0.289

f ck BD
M uy
2
 0.072
f ck DB

Clear Cover c = 40.00 mm

Assume bar Ø Ø = 20.00 mm
d'=c+Ø/2 d' = 50.00 mm
d'/B = 0.143
SP16, P

Chart 48 f ck 0.040

The required area of reinforcement will be higher of above two.

P
i.e,  0.050
f ck

preqd = 1.00 %
Asc = 1225.0 mm2
Provide reinforcement as
8-20Ø bars
Asc Provided = 2513.2 mm2
Ptprov.
= 2.05 %
P 0.103

f ck
SP16,
Chart For p/fck= = 0.103 and
47,48
Pu/fckBD= = 0.289
M ux
 0.145
f ck BD 2
Mux1 = 124.34 kN-m
SP16,
Chart For p/fck= = 0.103 and
47,48
Pu/fckBD= = 0.289
M uy 0.145
2 
f ck DB
Muy1 = 124.34 kN-m
IS456:20
00 Clause Puz=0.45 fck Ac+0.75fyAsc Puz = 2022.3 kN
39.6
Pu
Puz  0.35

IS456:20
00 Clause αn = 1.25
39.6

= 0.96 <1
O.K.
 3 Design of Lateral Ties
Diameter of Lateral Ties
IS456:20
Required Ø of lateral ties shall not be less
00 Clause
than
26.5.3.2
One fourth the Ø of largest longitudinal bar. > 5.00 mm

Provide lateral ties of Ø = 8.00 mm

Pitch of Lateral Ties
Pitch of lateral ties should be minimum of
The least lateral dimension of column.
16 times the smallest Ø of longitudinal
reinforcement.
i.e, = 300.00 mm
IS 13920:
1993
The spacing shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of column.
Clause
7.3.3
= 175.00 mm
IS 13920:
1993
Clause Confinement length is smaller of 300 mm
7.4.1
and L/4 = 755 mm
l0 = 300.00 mm
IS 13920:
1993 Provide 8mm Ø lateral ties @100 mm upto 800 mm from either ends of
Clause column.
7.4.6
Provide 8mm Ø lateral ties @100 mm over remaining portions of
column.
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

COLUMN DESIGN SUMMARY

Column Reinforcement Details
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe500
Ground Floor
Calculated
Column Column Column Size Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
S.N. Reinforcement Provide Stirrups Remarks
Grid Type (mm x mm) Provided Provided (mm2) Provided (%)
(mm2)
1 A1 C5 300 x 350 1036 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
2 A2 C5 350 x 300 1032 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
3 A3 C4 300 x 350 1964 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
4 A4 C4 350 x 300 1799 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
5 B1 C5 300 x 350 1481 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
6 B2 C4 300 x 350 1689 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
7 B3 C6 300 x 300 1575 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.79% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
8 B4 C4 350 x 300 1839 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
9 C1 C4 350 x 300 1855 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
10 C2 C1 350 x 350 1918 8-20Ø 2513.27 2.05% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
11 C4 C1 350 x 350 2029 8-20Ø 2513.27 2.05% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
12 D2 C4 350 x 300 1754 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
13 D4 C4 350 x 300 1858 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.96% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c

Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. Samakhusi, Kathmandu Tel.: 014388735, 014351955 25 | P a g e

First Floor
Provided Calculated
Column Column Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
S.N. Column Size Reinforcement Provide Stirrups Remarks
Grid Type Provided Provided (mm2) Provided (%)
(mm x mm) (mm2)
1 A1 C5 300 x 350 870 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
2 A2 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
3 A3 C5 300 x 350 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
4 A4 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
5 B1 C5 300 x 350 968 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
6 B2 C5 300 x 350 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
7 B3 C6 300 x 300 743 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.79% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
8 B4 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
9 C1 C5 350 x 300 1111 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
10 C2 C2 350 x 350 1590 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.68% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
11 C4 C2 350 x 350 1720 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø 2060.88 1.68% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
12 D2 C5 350 x 300 929 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
13 D4 C5 350 x 300 939 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Second Floor
Provided Calculated
Column Column Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
S.N. Column Size Reinforcement Provide Stirrups Remarks
Grid Type Provided Provided (mm2) Provided (%)
(mm x mm) (mm2)
1 A1 -
2 A2 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
3 A3 C5 300 x 350 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
4 A4 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
5 B1 -
6 B2 C5 300 x 350 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
7 B3 C6 300 x 300 743 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.79% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
8 B4 C5 350 x 300 867 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.53% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
9 C1 -
10 C2 C3 350 x 350 1500 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.31% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
11 C4 C3 350 x 350 1352 8-16Ø 1608.50 1.31% 8Ø @ 100 mm c/c
12 D2 -
13 D4 -
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN

The design calculation of slab B1-B2-C2-C1 as critical slab has been shown in sample slab
design.

Working Loads
Thickness of Slab (D) = 0.125 m
Dead load on slab due to self weight = 3.125 kN/m2
Dead load of floor finishing+plaster = 1.25 kN/m2
Dead load due to partition walls = 1.25 kN/m2
Total Dead Load on slab = 5.625 kN/m2

Live Load on floor = 2 kN/m2

Total DL+LL = 7.625 kN/m2

Total Factored Load (Wu) = 11.44 kN/m2

Long Span (ly) = 4.775 m

Short Span (lx) = 3.454 m
Value ly/lx = 1.38
Boundary Condition Type = 4
Design Calculations:

Design Data
Characteristic Strength of Concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of Steel (fy) = 500 N/mm2

Type of slab L/d ratio Multiplying Factor L/d ratio

Simply Supported 35 0.8 28
One Side Continuous 37.5 0.8 30
Both Side Continuous 40 0.8 32

Bending moment coefficients and bending moment per unit width: (as per IS 456: 2000 Cl.
24.4, Cl. 37.1.2. Cl. D-1.1 and Tab. 26 for case 4)
Short Span Long Span

For My
αx Mx (kNm/m) αy
(kNm/m)

Neg. moment at continuous edge 0.070 9.53 0.047 6.41

Positive moment at mid-span 0.052 7.12 0.035 4.78

Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. Samakhusi, Kathmandu Tel.: 014388735, 014351955 28 | P a g e

Max. Shear Force in either direction:
Vu = W*lx/2
= 19.75 kN/m
Effective depth of slab:
Mulim= 9.53 kN-m/m
2
Rlim= Mulim/bd
For Conrete Grade M20 and steel grade Fe500,
Rlim= 2.66 N/mm2
d= 59.84 mm

Effective depth along short span= 101 > 59.84 mm O.K.

Effective depth along long span= 93 > 59.84 mm O.K.

Clear Cover = 20 mm
Diameter of bars = 8 mm
Effective depth along short span = 101 mm
Effective depth along long span = 93 mm

Check for depth of slab for shear force:

Assuming pt=0.15%, IS 456: 2000 Table 19 gives,
τc = 0.28 N/mm2
This should be multiplied by k=1.30. (IS 456: 2000, Clause 40.2.1.1)
τc = 0.364 N/mm2
Table 20 gives, τcmax= 2.8 N/mm2 for M20.
Shear Stress:
τv =Vu/bd
=0.196 N/mm2
τv <τc<τcmax O.K.
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Design for Moment:

Short Span Long Span
Particulars Ast Spacing Area Spacing Ast Spacing Area Spacing
Reqd. Dia. reqd. Provided Provided Reqd. Dia. reqd. Provided Provided
Mx My
(mm2) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm)

Top steel Safe

for 9.53 221.00 8 227.45 335.103 150 6.41 196.00 8 256.46 335.103 150 against
negative BM
moment
Bottom Safe
Steel for 7.12 163.00 8 308.38 335.103 150 4.78 120.00 8 418.88 335.103 150 against
positive BM
moment

Check for Serviceability requirement

The effective depth provided (deff) = 101 mm
Basic L/d ratio = 30
Actual L/d ratio = 34.20
Required modification factor = 1.14
% of reinforcement (pt) required = 0.219
% of reinforcement provided = 0.332
Steel stress at service load (fs) = 191.25 N/mm2
Modification factor = 1.75
Permissible L/d = 52.5

Safe in deflection.

Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. Samakhusi, Kathmandu Tel.: 014388735, 014351955 30 | P a g e

 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

SAMPLE STAIRCASE DESIGN

Design Calculations:
Geometry of staircase
Riser of each step= 175 mm
Tread of each step= 250 mm
Width of step= 1200 mm

Length from landing beam to the start of the flight

L1= 0.279 m
Horizontal length of flight portion
L2= 1.78 m
Length from end of flight to landing beam/wall
L3= 1.219 m

Total length of span= 3.28 m

Material properties
Grade of concrete= 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel= 500 N/mm2

Unit weight of materials:

Reinforced concrete= 25 kN/m3
Screed= 22 kN/m3
Cement Plaster= 20.4 kN/m3
Marble finish= 25 kN/m3

Load Calculation:
Thickness of structural waist slab= 125.00 mm
Thickness of screed= 0.025 m
Thickness of cement plaster= 0.0125 m
Thickness of Marble finishing= 0.02 m

Dead Load of Flights:

DL of waist slab on slope= 3.125 kN/m2
Factor for slope= 1.22
DL of waist slab normal to stair slab= 3.815 kN/m2
DL of screed= 0.55 kN/m2
DL of cement plaster= 0.255 kN/m2
DL of marble= 0.5 kN/m2
No. of steps= 8
DL of steps= 4.375 kN/m2

Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. Samakhusi, Kathmandu Tel.: 014388735, 014351955 31 | P a g e

 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

DL of flights (going)= 9.495 kN/m2

Dead Load of Landing:

DL of structural landing slab= 3.125 kN/m2
DL of screed= 0.55 kN/m2
DL of cement plaster= 0.255 kN/m2
DL of marble= 0.5 kN/m2

Total DL on Landing= 4.43 kN/m2

Live load in staircase= 3 kN/m2

Detailed Design of Stairs

Loadings on Spans L1 and/or L3 per metre run (Landing Portion)

Factored Loads:
WL1= WL3 =1.5(DL+LL) 11.15 kN/m

Loading on Span L2 per metre run (Flight Portion)

Factored Loads:
WL2 = 1.5(DL+LL)= 18.74 kN/m

Taking moments of all forces about B,

RA = 26.95
Taking summation of all vertical force,
RB = 23.08 kN

Now, for max. bending moment, the point of zero shear force lies at distance,
x= 1.551 m from support A

Max. factored BM= 22.25 kN-m

Effective depth,
Mu= R*b*d2
Where, R= 2.68
d= 91.12 mm
Considering clear cover= 20 mm and
bar diameter Ø= 12 mm
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Required overall depth(D)= 117.12 mm

Provided overall depth D= 150 mm

d= 124 mm
>91.12 mm
The overall depth provided is sufficient.

Check for Main reinforcement

pt/100= Ast/bd= (fck/2fy)*(1-√(1-(4.598*R/fck))
= 0.0076
Ast reqd= 943.46 mm2/m

Provided bar dia.= 12 mm

Spacing required= 142.86 mm
Spacing provided= 125.00 mm

Provide 12 mm Ø @ 150 mm c/c.

Ast Provided= 1017.88 mm2/m

Distribution Reinforcement:
Provide distribution reinforcement,
(IS 456:2000, Cl. 26.5.2.1)
0.12% of gross area= 180.00 mm2/m
Provide rebar of 8Ø,
Required spacing= 333.33 mm
Provide 8Ø bar @ spacing of 150 mm c/c.

Check for Shear

At distance 99 mm from support,
Vu= 27.364 kN/m
(IS 456: 2000 Clause 40.2.1.1, 40.4 Table 20)
τc= 1.25*2.8= 3.5 N/mm2
τv= 0.230 N/mm2 << τc
(Safe)
Check for Development Length:
Development Length,
(IS 456:2000 Clause 26.2.1 Tab. 26.2.1.1)
Ld= Ø*fy/(4*τbd)
= 12*500/(4*1.2*1.6)
= 781.25 mm
Provide a development length of 800 mm.

Check for Depth of Slab

D=l/(30*m)
% of steel= 0.88 %
Now, (IS456:2000 Clause 23.2)
Fs= 0.58*fy*(Ast reqd./Ast Prov.)
= 231.876 N/mm2
From figure 4 IS 456:2000,
Modification Factor(m)= 1.05
D= 104.02 mm
<150mm SAFE
SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN
Isolated Footing Design
The design calculations of isolated footing at grid C2 is shown in sample footing design
calculations.
Design Calculations:
Size of column=
l= 0.35 m
b= 0.35 m
Bearing Capacity of Soil= 120.00 KN/m²
Strength of Steel (fy)= 500.00 N/mm²
Strength of Concrete (fck)= 20.00 N/mm²
Factored Axial Load = 708.80 kN
Assumed depth of footing= 1.83 m
Design Load= 616.66 kN
Size of footing:
Required base area of footing = 5.14 m²
Size of square footing= 2.27 m

Provide square footing base= 2.43 m x 2.43 m

L= 2.43 m
B= 2.43 m
Area of footing= 5.90 m²
Thickness of footing slab based on shear:
Net Soil Pressure at Ultimate Loads:
qu = 120.036 KN/m2
= 0.120 N/mm2
a) One-way Shear:
Critical Section is at distance d from column face.
Factored Shear Force (Vu1)= 0.12*2430*(1040-d)
= 303264-291.6d
(refer IS456:2000 Tab.19)
Assuming, τc = 0.28 Mpa for Concrete Grade M20 and pt = 0.15,
One way shear resistance, Vc1 = 0.28*2430*d
= 680.4d
Solving, Vu1 ≤ Vc1, d≥ 312 mm

b) Two-way Shear:
Critical section is at distance d/2 from periphery of column.
0.119*[2286 2-
Factored Shear Force (Vu2) = 2
(350+d) ]
Assume, d= 313 mm
Vu2 = 655840 N
 Two way shear resistance, Vc2 = ks* τc*[4*(350+d)*d]
(IS 456:2000, Cl. 31.6.3.1)
ks = 1
τc = 0.25* (fck)1/2
= 1.118 N/mm²
Vu2 ≤ Vc2
Solving, d ≥ 261.28 mm
One way shear governs the thickness.
Assuming,
Clear Cover= 50 mm
Bar Diameter= 16 mm
in both directions.

D≥313+50+16/2 371 mm
Provide D = 450 mm
Effective depth,d= 384 mm

Assume unit wt. of concrete and soil as 25 kN/m3 and 18 kN/m3 respectively,
actual gross pressure at footing base,
q= 115.714 kN/m2
<120 kN/m2
O.K.

Design of Flexural Reinforcement:

Mu=0.12*2430*(1040^2)/2= 1.6E+08 N-mm
Area of Steel is given by, BM = 0.87* fy* Ast*{d-fy*Ast/(fck*b)}
On solving,
Ast reqd = 970.38 mm2
<Ast min
=0.12% of B*D
1312.2 mm²
pt min 0.141 %
Provide, pt= 0.15 %
Ast = 1640.25 mm²
> Ast min O.K.

Using bar dia= 16 mm,

Spacing required= 285.61 mm c/c
Provide Steel as,
Ø= 16 mm
Spacing= 200 mm c/c
Reinforcement Provided= 2543.43 mm²
% of Reinforcement= 0.27%
 O.K.

Development Length
(IS 456: 2000 Cl. 26.2.1, Table 26.2.1.1)
Ld = [∅ (0.87* fy)]/[4* τbd]= =56.64Ø
For 16 mm Ø bars, Ld = 906.25 mm
Provide development length of 1000 mm.

Load Transfer from Column to footing:

Nominal bearing stress in column 8.679 N/mm2
Permissible bearing stress in limit state design= 0.45*fck
= 9.00 N/mm2
Provided reinforcement in the column is 8nos-20Ø
Area of column bars= 2513.27 mm²
It is usual to take all the bars in the footing to act as dowel bars in such
cases.
Nominal bearing stress in column = 1.5*708.8*1000/(350*350)
= 8.679 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*√fck = 2.012 N/mm2
Now, Excess load = 816673.5 N
Area of steel required As = 2437.83 mm²
Minimum Ast=0.5% of column area = 612.5 mm²
Thus minimum area of steel for dowel bars = 2437.83 mm²
Bar extended from column is 8nos-20Ø
Available Ast for load transfer, Ast= 2513.27 mm²
Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load.
FOOTING DESIGN SUMMARY
Adopted Soil Bearing Capacity = 120kN/m2
Depth of Footing = 1.83 m
Provide
Size
Axial Force Reinforcement
S.N. Grid Remarks
(kN) B d Ø spacing
L (m)
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 A1 180.8 1.52 1.52 450 16 200
2 A2 385.34 1.98 1.98 450 16 200
3 A3 389.11 1.82 1.82 450 16 200
4 A4 288.9 1.68 1.68 450 16 200
5 B1 346.23 1.82 1.82 450 16 200
6 B2 637.61 2.29 2.29 450 16 200
7 B3 527.3 2.13 2.13 450 16 200
8 B4 499.95 2.13 2.13 450 16 200
9 C1 212.52 1.52 1.52 450 16 200
10 C2 708.8 2.43 2.43 450 16 200
11 C4 543.76 2.13 2.13 450 16 200
12 D2 144.18 1.22 1.22 450 16 200
13 D4 125.48 1.22 1.22 450 16 200
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

ANNEX -III: STRUCTURE RELATED CHECKS

Check for Beam-Column Capacity

B/C joint at grid C2 in ground floor
Capacity of 230mm/430mm beam with
Top 3-16 bars +2-12bars pt(top)= 0.84 %
Bottom 3-16 bars pt(bot)= 0.61 %
b= 230 mm
d= 410 mm
fck= 20 Mpa
fy= 500 Mpa
d'/d= 0.05
The moment capacity of the beam
From SP-16, Table-2,
Sagging Moment Capacity Mu/(bd2)= 2.25 Mpa
Mu= 86.99 KNm
From SP-16, Table-54,
Hogging Moment Capacity Mu/(bd2)= 3.05 Mpa

Mu= 117.92 KNm

Check for Capacity of 350mm/350mm column with
B= 350 mm
D= 350 mm
d'/D= 0.15
Fy= 500 Mpa
Fck= 20 Mpa
Reinforcement Rebars: 8 -20mm dia
Ast= 2512 mm2
pt= 2.1 %
(Reinforcement Equally distributed on two sides)
Axial Load P = 708.8 KN
Pu/(fckbD)= 0.29
p/fck = 0.11
From SP-16, Chart 48
Mu/fckbd2= 0.15
Mu= 128.63 KNm

Check for B/C capacity

Capacity of beams meeting at Joints = 204.91 KNm
Capacity of columns meeting at Joints = 257.26 KNm
B/C ratio= 1.1 ∑ 𝑀� = 0.88
∑ 𝑀�
Thus Strong column weak beam is satisfied.
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Check for Capacity Shear of Column

Hogging and sagging Moment Capacity of 230mm/430mm beam
Top 3-16 bars +2-12bars pt= 0.84 %
Bottom 3-16 bars pt= 0.61 %
b= 230 mm
d= 410 mm
fck= 20 Mpa
fy= 500 Mpa
d'/d= 0.05
The moment capacity of the beam
From SP-16, Table-2,
Hogging Moment
Capacity Mu/(bd2)= 2.25 Mpa
Mu= 86.99 KNm
From SP-16, Table-54,
Sagging Moment
Capacity Mu/(bd2)= 3.05 Mpa
Mu= 117.92 KNm
The shear force in column corresponding to these moments
Vu = 1.4 (Mbl+Mubr)/hst H of column= 3.02 m
Vu = 94.99 KN
Column is of size350mm x 350mm
b= 350 mm D= 350 mm
Cover(d')= 40 mm d= 310 mm
Reinforcement: Rebars: 8 -20mm dia bars
Ast= 2512 mm2
pt= 2.32 %

From Sp-16, Table 61,

For, pt=2.32
% τc = 0.82 N/mm2
Shear Capacity of concrete section=0.82 x 350 x 350/1000 = 100.45 KN

Concrete Section is enough to take shear, so nominal shear reinforcement is

enough. Hence safe

Check for Sufficiency of ties in column

Diameter of ties = 8 mm
Spacing = 100 mm
No of legs provided = 2 nos
Shear capacity of stirrups = 542 KN
Shear capacity of stirrups i.e 542 KN >-5.46 KN. Hence safe.
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Check for Confining Links in column

fck= 20 Mpa
fy= 500 Mpa
Size of column b= 350 mm D= 350 mm

Clear cover to longitudinal bars = 40 mm

Diameter of confinement bars = 8 mm
IS 13920: 1993 Clause 7.4.8
The area of cross section, Ash, of the bar forming rectangular hoop, to be used as
special confining reinforcement shall not be less than

Where,
h = longer dimension of the rectangular confining hoop measured to its outer face
Ak = area of confined concrete core in the rectangular hoop measured to its outside dimensions.
S=Spacing of confining bars
The size of inner core h = 350- 2 x (40-8 ) = 286 mm
Ag = 350 x 350 = 122500 mm2
Ak = (350 - 64) x (350 - 64) = 81796 mm2
Ash (for =8mm dia hoops ) 50.24 mm2
No of legs provided = 4 nos
Hence,
S = Ash/ (0.18 * 286 (20/500) * (122500/81796 - 1 ) )= 196.12 mm
Spacing Provided = 100 mm

Hence Ok.
 Residential Building for Mrs. Mira Bagale

Sample Calculation of Effective Length Factor

Column Grid C2
Concrete Grade = M20
fck = 20 N/mm2
Length of Column (Lc) = 3020 mm
Column Type = Square
Column Size:
Length (L) = 350 mm
Breadth (B) = 350 mm
Beam Size:
Depth (D) = 430 mm
Width (B) = 230 mm
Beam Length
Lx1 = 5715 mm
Lx2 = 3450 mm
Ly1 = 1800 mm
Ly2 = 4725 mm
Flexural Stiffness:
Column (Kc) = 12EIc/Lc3
MOI (Ic) = 1250520833 mm4
Kc = 12182.50 N/mm

Beam (Kb) = 12EI/L3

MOI (Ib) = 1523884167 mm4

Beam (Kbx1) = 2190.63 N/mm

Beam (Kbx2) = 9957.74 N/mm
Beam (Kby1) = 70113.35 N/mm
Beam (Kby2) = 3876.26 N/mm

b1 = SKc/(SKc+Sb)
= 0.667
b2 = SKc/(SKc+Sb)
= 0.248

As per IS456:2000 Clause 25.2, Annex E

Effective length ratio (leff/L) = 0.66

Adopt = 0.7
 Team
Aashish Bhandari, MSc Structural Engineering
Aashish Giri, BE Civil Engineering

 Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. extends sincere thanks to Mrs. Mira Bagale for the opportunity to carry
out Structural Analysis and Design of his residential building. We look forward to
working with her also in future.

 Ethicons Pvt. Ltd. is dedicated to ever improving quality services, transparency and doing
ethical businesses. Ethicons is currently focused on providing expert services in Structural
Engineering, Construction and Project Management, Retrofitting, Safety Inspection and
Assessment, Architectural Planning and Engineering Design.

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