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  • Transformer load data and calculations

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    john
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    The document provides information on three distribution transformers (Transformer no. 1, 2, 3) including load data from various poles, calculations of maximum demand load and sizing of the transformers. Key details include: - Transformer no. 1 has a maximum demand load of 128.088 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 3. - Transformer no. 2 has a maximum demand load of 122.849 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 8. - Transformer no. 3 has a maximum demand load of 132.78 KVA. Voltage drop and other calculations are provided for conductor sizing and protection devices for each transformer.

    Original Description:

    this was just a design in distribution but for Commercial

    Original Title

    elextriclal power plant EE5

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    The document provides information on three distribution transformers (Transformer no. 1, 2, 3) including load data from various poles, calculations of maximum demand load and sizing of the transformers. Key details include: - Transformer no. 1 has a maximum demand load of 128.088 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 3. - Transformer no. 2 has a maximum demand load of 122.849 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 8. - Transformer no. 3 has a maximum demand load of 132.78 KVA. Voltage drop and other calculations are provided for conductor sizing and protection devices for each transformer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views99 pages

    Transformer load data and calculations

    Uploaded by

    john
    The document provides information on three distribution transformers (Transformer no. 1, 2, 3) including load data from various poles, calculations of maximum demand load and sizing of the transformers. Key details include: - Transformer no. 1 has a maximum demand load of 128.088 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 3. - Transformer no. 2 has a maximum demand load of 122.849 KVA and should be installed at pole no. 8. - Transformer no. 3 has a maximum demand load of 132.78 KVA. Voltage drop and other calculations are provided for conductor sizing and protection devices for each transformer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 99

    Transformer no.

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    1 1 2 4 0 1
    2 1 4 2 0 1
    3 0 0 6 0 1
    4 2 3 0 0 1
    5 0 6 4 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    1 14.39 8.06 2.332 0 0.15 24.932
    2 14.39 16.12 1.166 0 0.15 31.826
    3 0 0 3.498 0 0.15 8.648
    4 28.78 12.09 0 0 0.15 41.02
    5 0 24.18 2.332 0 0.15 26.662
    Total 128.088

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 128.088 / 150 ) x 100% = 85%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 =11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 128.089KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.1 is located at pole no.3

    Upper side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    1 24.932 2 49.864
    2 31.826 1 31.826
    81.69

    Lower side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    4 41.02 1 41.02
    5 26.662 2 53.326
    94.344

    %Kva= ( 81.69 / 94.344) x 100% = 87%

    Therefore, Transformer no.1 should be installed at pole no. 3

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2-167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 24,932 / 230= 108.4 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 108.4 x 100) / 167,806= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.55= 2.64 V.

    Ispan-2 = 31,826 / 230= 138.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 138.35 x 100) / 167,806= 1.979 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.979= 3.67 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.64 + 3.67= 6.31 V.

    %VR= (6.31 / 230) x 100%= 2.74%


    Lower side

    Ispan-1 = 41,020 / 230= 178.36 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 178.36 x 100) / 167,806= 2.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.55= 4.34 V.

    Ispan-2 = 26,660 / 230= 115.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 114.65 x 100) / 167,806= 1.65 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.65= 2.8 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.34 + 2.8= 7.1 V.

    %VR= (7.1 / 230) x 100%= 3%


    Transformer no.2

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    6 2 3 4 0 1
    7 0 1 6 0 1
    8 0 3 5 0 1
    9 0 2 7 0 1
    10 1 7 3 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    6 28.78 12.09 2.332 0 0.15 43.352
    7 0 4.03 3.498 0 0.15 7.578
    8 0 12.09 2.915 0 0.15 15.155
    9 0 8.06 4.081 0 0.15 12.265
    10 14.39 28.21 1.749 0 0.15 44.379
    Total 122.849

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 122.489 / 150 ) x 100% = 81.89%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 =11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 122.849KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.2 is located at pole no.8

    Upper side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    6 43.352 2 86.704
    7 7.678 1 7.678
    94.382

    Lower side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    9 12.265 1 12.265
    10 44.399 2 88.798
    101.06

    %Kva= ( 94.382 / 101.06) x 100% = 93.39%

    Therefore, Transformer no.2 should be installed at pole no. 8

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2-167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 43,352 / 230= 188.49 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 188.49 x 100) / 167,806= 2.69 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.69= 4.58 V.

    Ispan-2 = 7,678 / 230= 33.38 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 33.38 x 100) / 167,806= 0.48 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.48= 0.81 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.58 + 0.81= 5.39 V.

    %VR= (5.39 / 230) x 100%= 2.34%


    Lower side

    Ispan-1 = 12,265 / 230= 53.33 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 53.33 x 100) / 167,806= 0.76 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.76= 1.29 V.

    Ispan-2 = 44,399 / 230= 193.03 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.03 x 100) / 167,806= 2.7 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.7= 4.69 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.29 + 4.69= 5.98 V.

    %VR= (5.98 / 230) x 100%= 2.6%


    Transformer no.3

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    11 1 3 7 0 1
    12 0 2 8 0 1
    13 0 4 2 1 1
    14 0 3 7 0 1
    15 0 7 7 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    11 14.39 12.09 4.081 0 0.15 30.711
    12 0 8.06 4.664 0 0.15 12.874
    13 0 16.12 1.166 25 0.15 42.436
    14 0 12.09 4.081 0 0.15 16.321
    15 0 28.21 4.081 0 0.15 32.441
    Total 132.78

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    167 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 132.78 / 167 ) x 100% = 79.51%

    1.) IFL = 167 / 20 = 8.35 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 8.35 = 12.53 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 167 / 0.03 = 5566.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 167 / (0.03 x 20) = 278.33 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 278.33 = 445.33 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 167 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 132.78 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 12.53 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.3 is located at pole no.13

    Upper side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    11 24.932 2 49.864
    12 31.826 1 31.826
    81.69

    Lower side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    14 41.02 1 41.02
    15 26.662 2 53.326
    94.344

    %Kva= ( 81.69 / 94.344) x 100% = 87%

    Therefore, Transformer no.1 should be installed at pole no. 3

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=167,000 / 230 = 726.1 A.

    use: 2-211,600 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.303 Xa= 0.504

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.504 + 0.035= 0.539
    Xc / Ra= 0.539 / 0.303= 1.779

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.91

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 31,711 / 230= 133.5 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 133.5 x 100) / 211,600= 1.51 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.91 x 1.51= 2.89 V.

    Ispan-2 = 12,874 / 230= 55.97 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 55.97 x 100) / 211,600= 0.635 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.91 x 0.635= 1.21 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.89 + 1.21= 4.1 V.

    %VR= (4.1 / 230) x 100%= 1.78%


    Lower side

    Ispan-1 = 16,321 / 230= 70.96 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.96 x 100) / 211,600= 0.8 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.91 x 0.8= 1.54 V.

    Ispan-2 = 32,441 / 230= 141.05 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 141.05 x 100) / 211,600= 1.59 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.91 x 1.59= 3.04 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.54 + 3.04= 4.58 V.

    %VR= (4.58 / 230) x 100%= 1.99%


    Transformer no.4

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    16 0 1 10 1 1
    17 0 2 7 0 1
    18 0 0 7 1 1
    19 0 2 0 0 1
    20 1 3 2 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    16 0 4.03 5.83 15 0.15 25.01
    17 0 8.06 4.081 0 0.15 12.291
    18 0 0 4.081 0 0.15 10.231
    19 0 8.06 0 0 0.15 8.21
    20 14.39 12.09 1.166 0 0.15 27.79
    Total 83.532

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    100 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 128.088 / 100 ) x 100% = 83.532%

    1.) IFL = 100 / 20 = 5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 100 / 0.03 = 3,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 100 / (0.003 x 20) = 166.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 166.67 = 266.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 100 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 83.532 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 10 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 10 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 7.5 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.4 is located at pole no.18

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    16 24.886 2 50.02
    17 12.291 1 12.291
    62.311

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    19 8.21 1 8.21
    20 27.79 2 55.58
    63.79

    %Kva= ( 62.311 / 63.79) x 100% = 97.68%

    Therefore, Transformer no.4 should be installed at pole no. 18

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 100,000 / 230 = 434.78 A.

    use: 2- 250,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.257 Xa= 0.487

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.487 + 0.035= 0.522
    Xc / Ra= 0.552 / 0.257= 2.03

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 25,000 / 230= 108.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 108.69 x 100) / 250,000= 1.04 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.04= 2.19 V.

    Ispan-2 = 12,291 / 230= 53.44 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 53.44 x 100) / 250,000= 0.513 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.513= 1.1 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.04 + 1.1= 2.12 V.

    %VR= (2.12 / 230) x 100%= 0.92%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 8,210 / 230= 35.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 35.69 x 100) / 250,000= 0.34 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.34= 0.72 V.

    Ispan-2 = 27,790 / 230= 120.83 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 120.83 x 100) / 250,000= 1.16 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.16= 2.44 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.72 + 2.44= 3.16 V.

    %VR= (3.16 / 230) x 100%= 1.37%


    Transformer no.5

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    21 0 1 3 0 1
    22 0 4 1 0 1
    23 0 0 0 0 1
    24 0 2 0 0 1
    25 1 1 3 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    21 0 4.03 1.749 0 0.15 15.903
    22 0 16.12 0.583 0 0.15 16.853
    23 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    24 0 8.06 0 0 0.15 8.21
    25 14.39 4.03 1.749 0 0.15 20.319
    Total 61.44

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    75 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 61.44 / 75 ) x 100% = 81.92%

    1.) IFL = 75 / 20 = 3.75 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 3.75 = 5.625 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 75 / 0.03 = 2,500 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 75 / (0.03 x 20) = 125 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 125 = 200 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 75 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 61.44 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 6 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 6 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 5.625 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.5 is located at pole no.23

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    21 15.903 2 31.806
    22 16.853 1 16.853
    48.659

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    24 8.21 1 8.21
    25 20.319 2 40.638
    48.848

    %Kva= ( 48.659 / 48.848) x 100% = 99.61%

    Therefore, Transformer no.5 should be installed at pole no. 23

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=75,000 / 230 = 326.1 A.

    use: 1-250,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.257 Xa= 0.487

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.487 + 0.035= 0.0.522
    Xc / Ra= 0.522 / 0.257= 2.03

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 15,903 / 230= 69.14 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 69.14 x 100) / 250,000= 0.664 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.664= 1.39 V.

    Ispan-2 = 16,903 / 230= 73.49 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 73.49 x 100) / 250,000= 0.706 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.706= 1.48 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.39 + 1.48= 2.87 V.

    %VR= (2.87 / 230) x 100%= 1.25%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 8,210 / 230= 35.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 35.69 x 100) / 250,000= 0.343 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.343= 0.72 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,319 / 230= 89.34 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 89.34 x 100) / 250,000= 0.858 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.858= 1.8 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.72 + 1.8= 2.52 V.

    %VR= (2.52 / 230) x 100%= 1.1%


    Transformer no.6

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    26 0 2 0 0 1
    27 0 0 0 0 1
    28 1 0 0 0 1
    29 0 0 3 0 1
    30 0 0 11 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    26 0 8.06 0 0 0.15 8.21
    27 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    28 14.39 0 0 0 0.15 14.54
    29 0 0 1.749 0 0.15 1.899
    30 0 0 6.413 0 0.15 6.563
    Total 31.362

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    37.5 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 31.362 / 37.5 ) x 100% = 83.632%

    1.) IFL = 37.5 / 20 = 1.875 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 1.875 = 2.81 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 37.5 / 0.03 = 1250 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 37.5 / (0.03 x 20) = 62.5 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 62.5 = 100 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 37.5 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 31.362 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 3 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 3 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 2.81 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.6 is located at pole no.28

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    26 8.21 2 16.42
    27 0.15 1 0.15
    16.57

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    29 1.899 1 1.899
    30 6.563 2 13.126
    15.025

    %Kva= ( 15.025 / 16.57) x 100% = 90.7%

    Therefore, Transformer no.6 should be installed at pole no. 28

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=37,500 / 230 = 163.04 A.

    use: 1-66,371 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.59 Xa= 0.571

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.571 + 0.035= 0.606
    Xc / Ra= 0.606 / 0.59= 1.03

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.45

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 8,210 / 230= 35.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 35.69 x 100) / 66,371= 1.29 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 1.29= 1.87 V.

    Ispan-2 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 66,371= 0.02 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 0.02= 0.03 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.87 + 0.03= 1.9 V.

    %VR= (1.9 / 230) x 100%= 0.83%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 1,899 / 230= 8.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 8.26 x 100) / 66,371= 0.299 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 0.299= 0.43 V.

    Ispan-2 = 6,563 / 230= 28.53 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 28.53 x 100) / 66,371= 1.03 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 1.03= 1.49 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.43 + 1.49= 1.93 V.

    %VR= (1.93 / 230) x 100%= 0.84%


    Transformer no.7

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    31 0 1 0 1 1
    32 0 0 3 0 1
    33 0 2 6 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    31 0 4.03 0 7 0.15 11.18
    32 0 0 1.749 0 0.15 1.899
    33 0 8.06 3.493 0 0.15 11.708
    Total 24.787

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    30 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 24.787 / 30 ) x 100% = 82.62%

    1.) IFL = 30 / 20 = 1.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 1.5 = 2.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 30 / 0.03 = 1000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 30 / (0.03 x 20) = 50 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 50 = 80 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 30 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 24.787 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 3 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 3 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 2.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.7 is located at pole no.32

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    31 11.18 1 11.18
    11.18

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    33 11.708 1 11.708
    11.708

    %Kva= ( 11.18 / 11.708) x 100% = 90.7%

    Therefore, Transformer no.7 should be installed at pole no. 32

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 30,000 / 230 = 130.43 A.

    use: 1-66,371 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 1.52 Xa= 0.599

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.599 + 0.035= 0.634
    Xc / Ra= 0.634 / 1.52= 0.417

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 11,180 / 230= 48.61 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 48.61 x 100) / 41,741= 2.79 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.1 x 2.79= 3.1 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.1= 3.1 V.

    %VR= (3.1 / 230) x 100%= 1.33%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 11,708 / 230= 50.9 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 50.9 x 100) / 41,741= 2.93 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.1 x 2.93= 3.22 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.22= 3.22 V.

    %VR= (3.22 / 230) x 100%= 1.39%


    Transformer no.8

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    34 0 0 2 2 1
    35 0 0 6 0 1
    36 0 0 5 2 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    34 0 0 1.166 30 0.15 31.316
    25 0 0 3.498 0 0.15 3.748
    26 0 0 2.915 26 0.15 34.085
    Total 69.129

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    75 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 69.129 / 75 ) x 100% = 92.172%

    1.) IFL = 75 / 20 = 3.75 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 3.75 = 5.625 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 75 / 0.03 = 2,500 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 75 / (0.03 x 20) = 125 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 125 = 200 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 75 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 69.129 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 6 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 6 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 5.625 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.8 is located at pole no.35

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    34 31.316 1 31.316
    31.316

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    36 34.065 1 34.065
    34.065

    %Kva= ( 31.316 / 34.065) x 100% = 91.93%

    Therefore, Transformer no.8 should be installed at pole no. 35

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 75,000 / 230 = 326.09 A.

    use: 1-133,077 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.481 Xa= 0.532

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.532 + 0.035= 0.567
    Xc / Ra= 0.567 / 0.481= 1.179

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.51

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 31,316 / 230= 136.16 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 136.16 x 100) / 133,077= 2.46 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.51 x 2.46= 3.71 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.71= 3.71 V.

    %VR= (3.71 / 230) x 100%= 1.63%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 34,065 / 230= 148.11 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 148.11 x 100) / 133,077= 2.67 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.51 x 2.67= 4.03 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.03= 4.03 V.

    %VR= (4.03 / 230) x 100%= 1.75%


    Transformer no.9

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    37 1 3 5 0 1
    38 0 2 8 0 1
    39 0 1 6 0 1
    40 0 1 0 0 1
    41 1 4 1 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    37 14.39 12.09 2.915 0 0.15 29.519
    38 0 8.06 4.664 0 0.15 12.689
    39 0 4.03 3.499 0 0.15 7.674
    40 0 4.03 0 0 0.15 4.175
    41 14.39 16.12 0.583 0 0.15 31.238
    Total 85.475

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    100 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 85.475 / 100 ) x 100% = 85.475%

    1.) IFL = 100 / 20 = 5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 5 =7.5 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 100 / 0.03 = 3,333.35 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 100 / (0.03 x 20) = 166.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 166.67 = 266.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 100 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 85.475 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 10 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 10 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 7.5 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.9 is located at pole no.39

    Upper side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    37 31.238 2 62.476
    38 4.175 1 4.275
    66.651

    Lower side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    40 12.869 1 12.864
    41 29.519 2 59.04
    71.909

    %Kva= ( 66.651 / 71.909) x 100% = 92.69%

    Therefore, Transformer no.9 should be installed at pole no. 39

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=100,000 / 230 = 434.78 A.

    use: 1-250,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.257 Xa= 0.487

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.487 + 0.035= 0.522
    Xc / Ra= 0.552 / 0.257= 2.03

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 12,415 / 230= 53.98 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 53.98 x 100) / 250,000= 0.518 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.518= 1.1 V.

    Ispan-2 = 18,385 / 230= 79.93 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 79.93 x 100) / 250,000= 0.767 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.767= 1.61 V.


    Ispan-3 = 6,636 / 230= 28.85 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 28.85 x 100) / 250,000= 0.277 V.


    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.277= 0.58 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.1 + 1.61 + 0.58= 3.29 V.

    %VR= (3.29 / 230) x 100%= 1.43%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 8.917 / 230= 38.77 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 38.77 x 100) / 250,000= 0.372 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.372= 0.78 V.

    Ispan-2 = 14,747 / 230= 64.14 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 64.12 x 100) / 250,000= 0.77 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.77= 1.61 V.

    Ispan-3 = 15,279 / 230= 66.43 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 66.43 x 100) / 250,000= 0.64 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.64= 1.34 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.78 + 1.61 + 1.37= 3.73 V.

    %VR= (3.73 / 230) x 100%= 1.62%


    Transformer no.10

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    42 0 2 7 0 1
    43 1 0 7 0 1
    44 0 1 4 0 1
    45 0 2 0 0 1
    46 0 2 1 0 1
    47 0 2 11 0 1
    48 0 3 5 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    42 0 8.06 4.081 0 0.15 12.415
    43 14.03 0 4.081 0 0.15 18.385
    44 0 4.03 2.332 0 0.15 6.636
    45 0 8.06 0 0 0.15 8.334
    46 0 8.06 0.583 0 0.15 8.917
    47 0 8.06 6.413 0 0.15 14.747
    48 0 12.09 2.915 0 0.15 15.279
    Total 84.713

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    100 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 84.713 / 100 ) x 100% = 84.713%

    1.) IFL = 100 / 20 = 5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 5 =7.5 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 100 / 0.03 = 3,333.35 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 100 / (0.03 x 20) = 166.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 166.67 = 266.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 100 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 85.475 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 10 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 10 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 7.5 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.10 is located at pole no.45

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    42 12.415 3 37.245
    43 18.385 2 36.77
    44 6.636 1 6.636
    80.651

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    42 41.02 1 41.02
    43 26.662 2 53.326
    94.344

    %Kva= ( 81.69 / 94.344) x 100% = 87%

    Therefore, Transformer no.1 should be installed at pole no. 3

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2-167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447
    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 24,932 / 230= 108.4 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 108.4 x 100) / 167,806= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.55= 2.64 V.

    Ispan-2 = 31,826 / 230= 138.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 138.35 x 100) / 167,806= 1.979 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.979= 3.67 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.64 + 3.67= 6.31 V.

    %VR= (6.31 / 230) x 100%= 2.74%


    Lower side

    Ispan-1 = 41,020 / 230= 178.36 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 178.36 x 100) / 167,806= 2.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.55= 4.34 V.

    Ispan-2 = 26,660 / 230= 115.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 114.65 x 100) / 167,806= 1.65 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.65= 2.8 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.34 + 2.8= 7.1 V.

    %VR= (7.1 / 230) x 100%= 3%


    Transformer no.11

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    49 0 3 1 0 1
    50 0 1 0 0 1
    51 0 0 0 0 1
    52 0 0 0 0 1
    53 0 3 5 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    49 0 12.09 0.583 0 0.15 12.823
    50 0 4.03 0 0 0.15 4.18
    51 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    52 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    53 0 24.18 2.915 0 0.15 15.155
    Total 34.453

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    37.5 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 34.453 / 37.5 ) x 100% = 86.53%

    1.) IFL = 37.5 / 20 = 1.875 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 1.875 =2.8 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 37.5 / 0.03 = 1250 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 37.5 / (0.03 x 20) = 62.5 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 62.5 = 100 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 37.5 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 32.453 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 3 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 3 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 2.81 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.11 is located at pole no.51

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    49 12.823 2 25.646
    59 4.18 1 4.18
    29.826

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    52 0.15 1 0.15
    53 15.155 2 30.31
    30.46

    %Kva= ( 29.826 / 30.46) x 100% = 97.92%

    Therefore, Transformer no.1 should be installed at pole no. 3

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I=37,500 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 66,371 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.59 Xa= 0.571

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.571 + 0.035= 0.606
    Xc / Ra= 0.606 / 0.59= 1.027

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.45

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 12,823 / 230= 55.75 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 55.75 x 100) / 66,371= 2.015 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 2.015= 2.923 V.

    Ispan-2 = 4,180 / 230= 18.17 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 18.17 x 100) / 66,371= 0.657 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 0.657= 0.953 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.923 + 0.953= 3.88 V.

    %VR= (3.88 / 230) x 100%= 1.685%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 150 / 230= 0.652 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.652 x 100) / 66,371= 0.022 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 0.022= 0.032 V.

    Ispan-2 = 15,155 / 230= 65.891 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 65.891 x 100) / 66,371= 2.382 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.45 x 2.382= 3.46 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.032 + 3.46= 3.487 V.

    %VR= ( 3.487 / 230) x 100%= 1.516%


    Transformer no.12

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    55 0 0 6 0 1
    56 0 0 7 0 1
    57 0 0 6 0 1
    58 0 0 10 0 1
    59 0 0 5 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    55 0 0 3.498 0 0.15 3.648
    56 0 0 4.081 0 0.15 4.231
    57 0 0 3.498 0 0.15 3.648
    58 0 0 5.83 0 0.15 5.98
    59 0 0 2.915 0 0.15 3.065
    Total 20.572

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    25 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 20.572 / 25) x 100% = 82.288%

    1.) IFL = 25 / 20 = 1.25 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 1.25 =1.875 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 25 / 0.03 = 833.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 25 / (0.03 x 20) = 41.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 41.67 = 66.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 25 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 20.572 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 3 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 3 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 1.875 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.12 is located at pole no.57

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    55 3.648 2 7.296
    56 4.231 1 4.231
    11.527

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    58 5.98 1 5.98
    59 3.065 2 6.13
    12.11

    %Kva= ( 11.527 / 12.11) x 100% = 95.19%

    Therefore, Transformer no.12 should be installed at pole no.57

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 25,000 / 230 = 108.696 A.

    use: 1- 66,371 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 1.89 Xa= 0.622

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.622 + 0.035= 0.657
    Xc / Ra= 0.657 / 1.89= 0.348

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.04

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 3,698 / 230= 15.86 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 15.86 x 100) / 33,102= 1.149 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.04 x 1.149= 1.196 V.

    Ispan-2 = 4,231 / 230= 18.396 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 18.396 x 100) / 33,102= 1.334 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.04 x 1.334= 1.387 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.196 + 1.387= 2.58 V.

    %VR= (2.58 / 230) x 100%= 1.123%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 5,980 / 230= 26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 26 x 100) / 33,102= 1.886 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.04 x 1.886= 1.96 V.

    Ispan-2 = 3,065 / 230= 13.326 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 13.326 x 100) / 33,102= 0.966 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.04 x 0.966= 1 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.96 + 1= 2.96 V.

    %VR= ( 2.96 / 230) x 100%= 1.287%


    Transformer no.13

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    60 0 0 5 0 1
    61 0 0 0 0 1
    62 0 0 3 0 1
    63 0 0 1 0 1
    64 0 0 4 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    60 0 0 2.915 0 0.15 3.005
    61 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    62 0 0 1.749 0 0.15 1.899
    63 0 0 0.583 0 0.15 0.733
    64 0 0 2.332 0 0.15 2.482
    Total 8.329

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    10 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 8.329 / 10) x 100% = 83.29%

    1.) IFL = 10 / 20 = 0.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 0.5 = 0.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 10 / 0.03 = 333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 10 / (0.03 x 20) = 16.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 16.67 = 26.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 10 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 8.329 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 1 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 1 Amps. The maximum
    fuse setting is 0.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.13 is located at pole no.62

    Lower side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    64 2.482 2 4.964
    63 0.733 1 0.733
    5.697

    Upper side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    61 0.15 1 0.15
    60 3.065 2 6.13
    6.28

    %Kva= ( 5.697 / 6.28) x 100% = 90.72%

    Therefore, Transformer no.13 should be installed at pole no.62

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 10,000 / 230 = 43.48 A.

    use: 1- 26,251 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 2.84 Xa= 0.637

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.637 + 0.035= 0.672
    Xc / Ra= 0.672 / 2.39= 0.281

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 0.99

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Lower side

    Ispan-1 = 3,065 / 230= 13.326 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 13.326 x 100) / 26,251= 1.22 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 0.99 x 1.22= 1.21 V.

    Ispan-2 = 150 / 230= 10.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 26,251= 0.059 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 0.99 x 0.059= 0.06 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.21 + 0.06= 1.268 V.

    %VR= (1.268 / 230) x 100%= 0.55%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 733 / 230= 3.187 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 3.187 x 100) / 26,251= 0.291 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 0.99 x 0.291= 0.29 V.

    Ispan-2 = 2,482 / 230= 10.79 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 10.79 x 100) / 26,251= 0.979 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 0.99 x 0.979= 0.789 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.29 + 0.789= 1.09 V.

    %VR= ( 1.09 / 230) x 100%= 0.05%


    Transformer no.14

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    76 0 4 0 0 1
    77 0 5 0 0 1
    78 0 11 0 0 1
    79 0 4 6 0 1
    80 0 4 4 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    76 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    77 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    78 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    79 0 16.12 3.498 0 0.15 19.768
    80 0 16.12 2.332 0 0.15 18.602
    Total 119.42

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 119.42 / 150) x 100% = 79.6%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 119.42 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.14 is located at pole no.78

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    76 16.27 2 32.54
    77 20.3 1 20.3
    52.84

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    79 19.762 1 19.768
    80 18.602 2 37.204
    56.972

    %Kva= ( 52.84 / 56.972) x 100% = 92.75%

    Therefore, Transformer no.14 should be installed at pole no.78

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 500,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.130 Xa= 0.443

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.443 + 0.035= 0.478
    Xc / Ra= 0.478 / 0.130= 3.68

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 3.23

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 16,270 / 230= 70.74 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.74 x 100) / 500,000= 0.399 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.399= 1.09 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 500,000= 0.424 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.424= 1.37 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.09 + 1.37= 2.458 V.

    %VR= (2.458 / 230) x 100%= 1.068%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 19,768 / 230= 85.95 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 85.95 x 100) / 500,000= 0.413 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.413= 1.33 V.

    Ispan-2 = 18,602 / 230= 80.88 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 80.88 x 100) / 500,000= 0.388 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.388= 1.254 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.33 + 1.254= 2.58 V.

    %VR= ( 2.58 / 230) x 100%= 1.12%


    Transformer no.15

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    84 0 4 2 0 1
    85 0 5 1 0 1
    86 0 6 1 0 1
    87 0 0 0 0 1
    88 0 4 0 0 1
    89 0 6 0 0 1
    90 0 5 1 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    84 0 16.12 1.166 0 0.15 17.436
    85 0 20.15 0.583 0 0.15 20.883
    86 0 24.18 0.583 0 0.15 44.913
    87 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    88 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    89 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    90 0 25.15 0.583 0 0.15 20.883
    Total 124.282

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 124.282 / 150) x 100% = 82.85%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 124.282 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.15 is located at pole no.87

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    84 17.436 3 52.308
    85 20.883 2 41.766
    86 24.913 1 24.913
    118.987

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    88 16.27 1 16.27
    89 24.33 2 48.66
    90 220.883 3 62.649
    127.579

    %Kva= ( 118.987 / 127.579) x 100% = 93.26%

    Therefore, Transformer no.15 should be installed at pole no.87

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 500,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.130 Xa= 0.443

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.443 + 0.035= 0.478
    Xc / Ra= 0.478 / 0.130= 3.68

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 3.23


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 17,439 / 230= 75.82 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 75.82 x 100) / 500,000= 0.36 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.36= 1.16 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20.883 / 230= 90.79 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 90.79 x 100) / 500,000= 0.436 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.436= 1.41 V.

    Ispan-3 = 24,193 / 230= 105.17 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.17 x 100) / 500,000= 0.505 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.505= 1.63 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.16 + 1.41 + 1.63= 4.2 V.

    %VR= (4.2 / 230) x 100%= 1.83%

    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 16,270 / 230= 70.19 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.19 x 100) / 500,000= 0.339 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.339= 1.09 V.

    Ispan-2 = 24,320 / 230= 105.78 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.78 x 100) / 500,000= 0.508 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.508= 1.64 V.

    Ispan-3 = 20,883 / 230= 90.97 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 90.97 x 100) / 500,000= 0.436 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.436= 1.41 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.09 + 1.64 + 1.41= 4.14 V.

    %VR= ( 4.14 / 230) x 100%= 1.8%


    Transformer no.16

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    94 0 6 0 0 1
    95 0 5 0 0 1
    96 0 0 0 0 1
    97 0 3 0 0 1
    98 0 6 1 0 1
    99 0 6 3 0 1
    100 0 2 9 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    94 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    95 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    96 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    97 0 12.09 0 0 0.15 12.4
    98 0 24.18 0.583 0 0.15 24.913
    99 0 24.18 1.749 0 0.15 26.079
    100 0 8.06 5.247 0 0.15 13.457
    Total 121.469

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 121.469 / 150) x 100% = 80.979%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 121.469 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.16 is located at pole no.97

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    94 24.33 3 72.99
    95 20.3 2 40.6
    96 0.15 1 0.15
    113.74

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    98 24.193 1 24.193
    99 26.079 2 52.158
    100 13.417 3 40.251
    116.602

    %Kva= ( 113.74 / 116.602) x 100% = 97.55%

    Therefore, Transformer no.16 should be installed at pole no.97

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 500,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.130 Xa= 0.443

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.443 + 0.035= 0.478
    Xc / Ra= 0.478 / 0.130= 3.68

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 3.23


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 24,330 / 230= 105.78 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.78 x 100) / 500,000= 0.51 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.51= 1.63 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 500,000= 0.42 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.42= 1.37 V.

    Ispan-3 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 500,000= 0.00132 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.00132= 0.01 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.63 + 1.37 + 0.01= 3.01 V.

    %VR= (3.01 / 230) x 100%= 1.31%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 24,913 / 230= 108.32 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 108.32 x 100) / 500,000= 0.518 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.518= 1.68 V.

    Ispan-2 = 26,079 / 230= 113.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 113.39 x 100) / 500,000= 0.54 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.54= 1.76 V.

    Ispan-3 = 13,457 / 230= 50.51 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 50.51 x 100) / 500,000= 0.28 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.28= 0.90 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.68 + 1.76 + 0.90= 4.22 V.

    %VR= ( 4.22 / 230) x 100%= 1.84%


    Transformer no.17

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    110 0 6 2 0 1
    111 0 5 0 0 1
    112 0 2 4 0 1
    113 0 3 0 0 1
    114 0 7 2 0 1
    115 0 5 8 0 1
    116 0 4 4 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    110 0 24.18 1.166 0 0.15 25.469
    111 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    112 0 8.06 2.332 0 0.15 10.542
    113 0 12.09 0 0 0.15 12.24
    114 0 28.21 1.166 0 0.15 29.526
    115 0 20.15 4.664 0 0.15 24.964
    116 0 16.12 2.332 0 0.15 18.602
    Total 141.643

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    167 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 141.643 / 167) x 100% = 84.82%

    1.) IFL = 167 / 20 = 8.35 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 8.35 = 12.53 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 167 / 0.03 = 5566.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 167 / (0.03 x 20) = 278.83 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 278.83 = 445.33 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 167 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 141.643 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 12.53 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.17 is located at pole no.113

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    110 24.18 3 72.54
    111 20.15 2 40.3
    112 8.06 1 8.06
    120.9

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    114 28.21 1 28.21
    115 20.15 2 40.3
    116 16.12 3 48.36
    116.87

    %Kva= ( 120.9 / 116.87) x 100% = 96.7%

    Therefore, Transformer no.17 should be installed at pole no.113

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 167,000 / 230 = 726 A.

    use: 2- 167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 25,469 / 230= 110.73 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 110.73 x 100) / 167,806= 1.58 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.58= 2.69 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 167,806= 1.26 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.26= 2.15 V.

    Ispan-3 = 8,060 / 230= 35.04 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 35.04 x 100) / 167,806= 0.501 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.501= 0.85 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.69 + 2.15 + 0.85= 5.69 V.

    %VR= (5.69 / 230) x 100%= 2.47%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 29,526 / 230= 128.37 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 128.37 x 100) / 167,806= 1.84 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.84= 3.12 V.

    Ispan-2 = 24,964 / 230= 108.54 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 108.54 x 100) / 167,806= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.55= 2.64 V.

    Ispan-3 = 18,602 / 230= 80.88 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 80.88 x 100) / 167,806= 0.647 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.647= 6.86 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.12 + 2.64 + 1.10= 6.86 V.

    %VR= ( 6.86 / 230) x 100%= 2.98%


    Transformer no.18

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    140 0 7 0 0 1
    141 0 4 0 0 1
    142 0 3 0 0 1
    143 0 5 0 0 1
    144 0 0 0 0 1
    145 0 0 0 0 1
    146 0 11 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    140 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    141 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    142 0 12.09 0 0 0.15 12.24
    143 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    144 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    145 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    146 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    Total 121.95

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 121.95 / 150) x 100% = 81.3%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 121.95 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.18 is located at pole no.143

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    140 28.36 3 85.08
    141 16.27 2 32.27
    142 12.24 1 12.24
    129.59

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    144 0.15 1 0.15
    145 0.15 2 0.3
    146 44.48 3 133.44
    133.89

    %Kva= ( 129.59 / 133.89) x 100% = 96.7%

    Therefore, Transformer no.18 should be installed at pole no.143

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2- 167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 122.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 122.87 x 100) / 167,806= 1.76 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.76= 2.98 V.

    Ispan-2 = 16,270 / 230= 70.74 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.74 x 100) / 167,806= 1.01 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.01= 1.72 V.

    Ispan-3 = 12,240 / 230= 53.22 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 53.22 x 100) / 167,806= 0.76 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.76= 1.29 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.76 + 1.72 + 1.29= 4.77 V.

    %VR= (4.77 / 230) x 100%= 2.07%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 0.15 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 167,806= 0.092 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.092= 0.16 V.

    Ispan-2 = 0.15 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 167,806= 0.092 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.092= 0.16V.

    Ispan-3 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 167,806= 2.77 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.77 x 2.77= 4.71 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.16 + 0.16 + 4.71= 5.03V.

    %VR= ( 5.03 / 230) x 100%= 2.18%


    Transformer no.19

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    154 0 11 0 0 1
    155 0 3 3 0 1
    156 0 0 0 0 1
    157 0 7 0 0 1
    158 0 10 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    154 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    155 0 12.09 1.749 0 0.15 13.98
    156 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    157 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    158 0 40.3 0 0 0.15 40.45
    Total 127.429

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 127.429 / 150) x 100% = 84.95%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 127.429 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.19 is located at pole no.156

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    154 44.48 2 88.96
    155 13.98 1 13.98
    102.949

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    157 28.36 1 28.36
    158 40.45 2 80.9
    109.26

    %Kva= ( 102.95 / 109.26) x 100% = 94.22%

    Therefore, Transformer no.19 should be installed at pole no.156

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2- 167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 167,806= 2.77 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.77= 4.7 V.

    Ispan-2 = 13,989 / 230= 60.82 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 60.82 x 100) / 167,806= 0.87 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 0.87= 1.479V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.7 + 1.479= 6.179 V.

    %VR= (6.179 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.30 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 128.30 x 100) / 167,806= 1.49 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 1.49= 2.55 V.

    Ispan-2 = 40,450 / 230= 175.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 175.87 x 100) / 167,806= 2.52 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.52= 4.28 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.55 + 4.28= 6.83 V.

    %VR= ( 6.83 / 230) x 100%= 2.9%


    Transformer no.20

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    160 0 9 0 0 1
    161 0 12 6 0 1
    162 0 9 4 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    160 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    161 0 48.36 3.498 0 0.15 52.008
    162 0 36.27 2.332 0 0.15 38.752
    Total 127.18

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 127.18 / 150) x 100% = 84.79%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 127.18 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.20 is located at pole no.161

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    160 36.42 1 36.42
    36.42

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    162 38.753 1 38.753
    38.753

    %Kva= ( 36.42 / 38.75) x 100% = 93.90%

    Therefore, Transformer no.20 should be installed at pole no.161

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 2- 167,806 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.382 Xa= 0.518

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.518 + 0.035= 0.553
    Xc / Ra= 0.553 / 0.382= 1.447

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 1.7

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 36,270 / 230= 157.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 157.69 x 100) / 167,806= 2.26 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.26= 3.83 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.83= 3.83 V.

    %VR= (3.83 / 230) x 100%= 1.67%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 38,752 / 230= 168.49 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 168.49 x 100) / 167,806= 2.41 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 1.7 x 2.41= 4.09 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.09= 4.09 V.

    %VR= ( 4.09 / 230) x 100%= 1.78%


    Transformer no.21

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    163 0 11 0 0 1
    164 0 10 0 0 1
    165 0 8 0 0 1
    166 0 10 0 0 1
    167 0 12 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    163 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    164 0 40.3 0 0 0.15 40.45
    165 0 32.24 0 0 0.15 32.39
    166 0 40.3 0 0 0.15 40.45
    167 0 48.36 0 0 0.15 48.51
    Total 206.28

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    250 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 206.28 / 250) x 100% = 82.512%

    1.) IFL = 250 / 20 = 12.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 12.5 = 18.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 250 / 0.03 = 8333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 250 / (0.03 x 20) = 416.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 416.67 = 666.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 250 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 206.28 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 20 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 20 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 18.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.21 is located at pole no.165

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    163 44.48 2 88.96
    164 40.45 1 40.45
    129.41

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    166 40.45 1 40.45
    167 48.51 2 97.02
    137.47

    %Kva= ( 129.41 / 137.47) x 100% = 94.14%

    Therefore, Transformer no.21 should be installed at pole no.94.14

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 250,000 / 230 = 1086.96 A.

    use: 2- 400,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.162 Xa= 0.458

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.458 + 0.035= 0.493
    Xc / Ra= 0.493 / 0.162= 3.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.8

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 400,000= 1.16 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.16= 3.25 V.

    Ispan-2 = 40,450 / 230= 175.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 175.87 x 100) / 400,000= 1.06 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.06= 2.95 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.25 + 2.95= 6.02 V.

    %VR= (6.02 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 40,450 / 230= 175.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 175.87 x 100) / 400,000= 1.06 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.06= 2.97 V.

    Ispan-2 = 48,510 / 230= 210.91 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 210.91 x 100) / 400,000= 1.06 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.06= 2.95 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.95 + 2.95= 6.02 V.

    %VR= ( 6.02 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Transformer no.22

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    168 0 12 0 0 1
    169 0 9 0 0 1
    170 0 5 0 0 1
    171 0 12 0 0 1
    172 0 6 0 0 1
    173 0 9 0 0 1
    174 0 13 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    168 0 48.86 0 0 0.15 48.51
    169 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    170 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    171 0 48.36 0 0 0.15 48.51
    172 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    173 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    174 0 52.39 0 0 0.15 5.54
    Total 267.08

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    333 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 267.08 / 333) x 100% = 80.2%

    1.) IFL = 333 / 20 = 16.65 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 16.65 = 24.975 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 333 / 0.03 = 11,100 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 333 / (0.03 x 20) = 555 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 555 = 888 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 333 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 267.08 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 25 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 25 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 24.975 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.22 is located at pole no.171

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    168 48.51 3 145.53
    169 36.42 2 72.84
    170 20.3 1 20.3
    238.67

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    172 24.33 1 24.33
    173 36.42 2 72.84
    174 52.54 3 157.62
    254.79

    %Kva= ( 238.67 / 254.79) x 100% = 93.57%

    Therefore, Transformer no.22 should be installed at pole no.171

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 333,000 / 230 = 1447.83 A.

    use: 3-300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.044

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 48,510 / 230= 210.19 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 210.19 x 100) / 300,000= 1.51 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.51= 3.171 V.

    Ispan-2 = 36,420 / 230= 158.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 158.35 x 100) / 300,000= 1.14 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.14= 2.39 V.

    Ispan-3 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 300,000= 0.635 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.635= 1.33 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.171 + 2.39 + 1.33= 6.89 V.

    %VR= (6.89 / 230) x 100%= 2.9%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 24,330 / 230= 105.78 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.78 x 100) / 300,000= 0.71 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.71= 1.5 V.

    Ispan-2 = 36,420 / 230= 158.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 158.35 x 100) / 300,000= 1 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1= 2.1 V.

    Ispan-3 = 52,540 / 230= 228.43 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 228.43 x 100) / 300,000= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.55= 3.26 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.5 + 2.1 + 3.261= 6.87 V.

    %VR= ( 6.87 / 230) x 100%= 2.99%


    Transformer no.23

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    177 0 9 0 0 1
    178 0 12 0 0 1
    179 0 0 0 0 1
    180 0 9 0 0 1
    181 0 10 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    177 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    178 0 48.86 0 0 0.15 48.51
    179 0 30 0 0 0.15 0.15
    180 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    181 0 40.3 0 0 0.15 40.45
    Total 161.95

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    200 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=(161.95 / 200) x 100% = 80.975%

    1.) IFL = 200 / 20 = 10 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 10 = 15 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 200 / 0.03 = 6,666.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 200 / (0.03 x 20) = 333.33 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 333.33 = 533.33 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 200 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 161.95 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 15 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.23 is located at pole no.179

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    181 40.3 2 80.6
    180 36.42 1 36.42
    117.02

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    178 48.51 1 48.51
    177 36.42 2 72.84
    121.35

    %Kva= ( 117.02 / 121.35) x 100% = 96.43%

    Therefore, Transformer no.23 should be installed at pole no.179

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 200,000 / 230 = 869.57 A.

    use: 2- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.044

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 36,420 / 230= 158.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 158.35 x 100) / 300,000= 1.267 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.267= 2.66 V.

    Ispan-2 = 48,510 / 230= 210.91 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 210.91 x 100) / 300,000= 1.69 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.69= 3.54 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.66 + 3.54= 6.2 V.

    %VR= (6.2 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 36,420 / 230= 158.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 158.35 x 100) / 300,000= 1.267 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.267= 2.66 V.

    Ispan-2 = 48,450 / 230= 175.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 175.87 x 100) / 300,000= 1.41 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.41= 2.96 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.66 + 2.96= 5.615 V.

    %VR= ( 5.615 / 230) x 100%= 2.44%


    Transformer no.24

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    184 0 8 0 0 1
    185 0 6 0 0 1
    186 0 1 0 0 1
    187 0 6 0 0 1
    188 0 9 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    184 0 32.24 0 0 0.15 32.39
    185 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    186 0 4.03 0 0 0.15 4.18
    187 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    188 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 24.33
    Total 121.65

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 121.65 / 150) x 100% = 81.1%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 121.65 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.24 is located at pole no.186

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    184 32.39 2 64.78
    185 24.33 1 24.33
    89.11

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    187 24.33 1 24.33
    188 36.42 2 72.84
    97.17

    %Kva= ( 89.11 / 97.17) x 100% = 91.71%

    Therefore, Transformer no.24 should be installed at pole no.186

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 500,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.130 Xa= 0.443

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.443 + 0.035= 0.478
    Xc / Ra= 0.478 / 0.130= 3.68

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 3.23

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 32,390 / 230= 140.83 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 140.83 x 100) / 500,000= 0.675 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.675= 2.18 V.

    Ispan-2 = 24,330 / 230= 105.78 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.78 x 100) / 500,000= 0.51 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.51= 1.64 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.18 + 1.64= 3.82 V.

    %VR= (3.82 / 230) x 100%= 1.66%


    Upper side

    Ispan-1 = 24,333 / 230= 105.78 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.78 x 100) / 500,000= 0.51 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.51= 1.04 V.

    Ispan-2 = 36,420 / 230= 158.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 158.35 x 100) / 500,000= 0.76 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.76= 2.46 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.04 + 2.46= 3.5 V.

    %VR= ( 3.5 / 230) x 100%= 1.52%


    Transformer no.25

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    195 0 15 0 0 1
    196 0 4 0 0 1
    197 0 3 0 0 1
    198 0 4 0 0 1
    199 0 16 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    195 0 60.45 0 0 0.15 60.6
    196 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    197 0 12.09 0 0 0.15 12.24
    198 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    199 0 64.48 0 0 0.15 64.63
    Total 170.01

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    200 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 170.01 / 200) x 100% = 85.01%

    1.) IFL = 200 / 20 = 10 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 10 = 15 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 200 / 0.03 = 6,666.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 200 / (0.03 x 20) = 333.33 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 333.33 = 533.33 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 200 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 170.01 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 15 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.25 is located at pole no.1

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    195 60.6 2 121.2
    196 16.27 1 16.27
    137.47

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    198 16.12 1 16.12
    199 64.48 2 128.96
    145.08

    %Kva= ( 137.47 / 145.08) x 100% = 94.75%

    Therefore, Transformer no.25 should be installed at pole no.197

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 200,000 / 230 = 869.57 A.

    use: 2- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.044

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 60,600 / 230= 263.48 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 263.48 x 100) / 300,000= 2.11 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 2.11= 4.43 V.

    Ispan-2 = 16,270 / 230= 70.79 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.79 x 100) / 300,000= 0.566 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.566= 1.188 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 4.43 + 1.188= 5.614 V.

    %VR= (5.614 / 230) x 100%= 2.44%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 16,270 / 230= 70.74 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 70.74 x 100) / 300,000= 0.566 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.566= 1.188 V.

    Ispan-2 = 64,480 / 230= 280.35 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 280.35 x 100) / 300,000= 2.24 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 2.24= 4.71 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 1.12 + 4.71= 5.89 V.

    %VR= ( 5.89 / 230) x 100%= 2.56%


    Transformer no.26

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    191 0 7 0 0 1
    200 0 15 0 0 1
    201 0 7 0 0 1
    202 0 11 0 0 1
    203 0 10 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    191 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    200 0 60.45 0 0 0.15 60.6
    201 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    202 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    203 0 40.3 0 0 0.15 40.45
    Total 202.25

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    250 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 202.25 / 250) x 100% = 80.9%

    1.) IFL = 250 / 20 = 12.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 12.5 = 18.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 250 / 0.03 = 8,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 250 / (0.03 x 20) = 416.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 416.67 = 666.66 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 250 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 202.25 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 20 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 20 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 18.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.26 is located at pole no.201

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    191 28.36 2 56.72
    200 60.6 1 60.6
    117.32

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    202 44.48 1 44.48
    203 40.45 2 40.45
    125.38

    %Kva= ( 117.32 / 125.38) x 100% = 93.57%

    Therefore, Transformer no.26 should be installed at pole no.201

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 250,000 / 230 = 1086.96 A.

    use: 2- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.044

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 300,000= 0.986 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.986= 2.1 V.

    Ispan-2 = 60,600 / 230= 263.48 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 263.48 x 100) / 300,000= 2.11 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 2.11= 4.431 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.1 + 4.431= 6.531 V.

    %VR= (6.531 / 230) x 100%= 2.84%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 300,000= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.55= 3.249 V.

    Ispan-2 = 40,450 / 230= 175.87 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 175.87 x 100) / 300,000= 1.41 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.41= 2.95 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.249 + 2.95= 6.199 V.

    %VR= ( 6.199 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Transformer no.27

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    205 0 13 0 0 1
    206 0 0 0 0 1
    207 0 5 0 0 1
    208 0 0 0 0 1
    209 0 14 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    205 0 52.39 0 0 0.15 52.54
    206 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    207 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    208 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    209 0 56.42 0 0 0.15 56.57
    Total 129.71

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    150 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 129.71 / 150) x 100% = 86.47%

    1.) IFL = 150 / 20 = 7.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 150 / 0.03 = 5000 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 150 / (0.03 x 20) = 250 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 250 = 400 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 150 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 129.71 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 11.25 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.27 is located at pole no.207

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    205 52.54 2 105.08
    206 0.15 1 0.15
    105.23

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    208 0.15 1 0.15
    209 56.57 2 113.14
    113.29

    %Kva= ( 105.23 / 113.29) x 100% = 92.89%

    Therefore, Transformer no.27 should be installed at pole no.207

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 150,000 / 230 = 652.17 A.

    use: 1- 500,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.130 Xa= 0.443

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.443 + 0.035= 0.478
    Xc / Ra= 0.478 / 0.130= 3.68

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 3.23

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 52,540 / 230= 228.4 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 228.4 x 100) / 500,000= 1.09 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 1.09= 3.54 V.

    Ispan-2 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 500,000= 0.003 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.003= 0.01 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.54 + 0.01= 3.55 V.

    %VR= (3.55 / 230) x 100%= 1.54%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 500,000= 0.003 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 0.003= 0.01 V.

    Ispan-2 = 56,570 / 230= 245.96 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 245.96 x 100) / 500,000= 1.181 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 3.23 x 1.181= 3.82 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.01 + 3.82= 3.82 V.

    %VR= ( 3.82 / 230) x 100%= 1.66%


    Transformer no.28

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    211 0 7 0 0 1
    212 0 0 0 0 1
    213 0 3 0 0 1
    214 0 0 0 0 1
    215 0 2 0 0 1
    216 0 0 0 0 1
    217 0 8 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    211 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    212 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    213 0 12.09 0 0 0.15 12.24
    214 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    215 0 8.06 0 0 0.15 8.21
    216 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.15
    217 0 32.24 0 0 0.15 32.39
    Total 81.65

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    100 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 81.65 / 100) x 100% = 86.47%

    1.) IFL = 100 / 20 = 5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 10 = 7.5 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 100 / 0.03 = 3,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 100 / (0.03 x 20) = 166.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 166.67 = 266.67 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 100 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 81.65 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 10 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 10 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 7.5 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.28 is located at pole no.214

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    211 28.36 3 85.08
    212 0.15 2 0.3
    213 12.24 1 12.24
    97.62

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    215 8.06 1 8.06
    214 0.15 2 0.3
    217 32.24 3 96.72
    105.08

    %Kva= ( 97.62 / 105.08) x 100% = 92.9%

    Therefore, Transformer no.28 should be installed at pole no.214

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 100,000 / 230 = 434.78 A.

    use: 1- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 300,000= 0.986 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.986= 2.07 V.

    Ispan-2 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 300,000= 0.0052 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.005= 2.97 V.

    Ispan-3 = 12,240 / 230= 83.22 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 83.22 x 100) / 300,000= 0.426 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.426= 0.89 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.07 + 0.01 + 0.89= 2.97 V.

    %VR= (2.97 / 230) x 100%= 1.29%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 8,290 / 230= 35.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 35.69 x 100) / 300,000= 0.286 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.286= 0.6 V.

    Ispan-2 = 150 / 230= 0.65 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 0.65 x 100) / 300,000= 0.0052 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.0052= 0.01 V.

    Ispan-3 = 32,390 / 230= 140.83 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 140.83 x 100) / 300,000= 1.127 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.127= 2.37 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 0.6 + 0.01 + 2.37= 2.98V.

    %VR= ( 2.98 / 230) x 100%= 1.29%


    Transformer no.29

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    218 0 11 0 0 1
    219 0 6 0 0 1
    220 0 4 0 0 1
    221 0 7 0 0 1
    222 0 12 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    218 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    219 0 24.18 0 0 0.15 24.33
    220 0 16.12 0 0 0.15 16.27
    221 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    222 0 48.36 0 0 0.15 48.51
    Total 161.95

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    200 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 161.95 / 200) x 100% = 80.97%

    1.) IFL = 200 / 20 = 10 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 10 = 15 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 200 / 0.03 = 6,666.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 200 / (0.03 x 20) = 333.33 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 333.33 = 533.33 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 200 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 161.95 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 15 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.29 is located at pole no.220

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    218 44.48 2 88.96
    219 24.33 1 24.33
    113.29

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    221 28.36 1 28.36
    222 48.51 2 97.02
    125.38

    %Kva= ( 113.29 / 125.38) x 100% = 90.36%

    Therefore, Transformer no.29 should be installed at pole no.220

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 200,000 / 230 = 869.57 A.

    use: 2- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 300,000= 1.55 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.55= 3.25 V.

    Ispan-2 = 24,330 / 230= 105.28 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 105.28 x 100) / 300,000= 0.85 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.85= 1.78 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.25 + 1.78= 5.1 V.

    %VR= (5.1 / 230) x 100%= 2.1%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 300,000= 0.99 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.099= 2.1 V.

    Ispan-2 = 48,510 / 230= 210.91 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 210.91 x 100) / 300,000= 1.69 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.69= 3.54 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.1 + 3.54= 5.64 V.

    %VR= ( 5.64 / 230) x 100%= 2.45%


    Transformer no.30

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    224 0 20 0 0 1
    225 0 11 0 0 1
    226 0 21 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    224 0 80.6 0 0 0.15 80.75
    225 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    226 0 84.63 0 0 0.15 84.78
    Total 210.01

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    250 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 210.01 / 250) x 100% = 84%

    1.) IFL = 250 / 20 = 12.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 12.5 = 18.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 250 / 0.03 = 8,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 250 / (0.03 x 20) = 416.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 416.67 = 666.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 250 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 210.1 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 20 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 20 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 18.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.30 is located at pole no.225

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    224 80.75 1 80.75
    80.75

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    226 84.78 1 84.78
    84.78

    %Kva= ( 80.75 / 84.78) x 100% = 95.25%

    Therefore, Transformer no.30 should be installed at pole no.225

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 250,000 / 230 = 1086.95 A.

    use: 2- 400,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.162 Xa= 0.458

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.458 + 0.035= 0.493
    Xc / Ra= 0.0.493 / 0.162= 3.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.8

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 80,750 / 230= 351.1 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 351.1 x 100) / 400,000= 2.1 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 2.1= 5.88 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 5.88= 5.88 V.

    %VR= (5.88 / 230) x 100%= 2.56%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 84,780 / 230= 368.61 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 368.61 x 100) / 400,000= 2.21 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 2.21= 6.192 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 6.192= 6.192 V.

    %VR= ( 6.192 / 230) x 100%= 2.69%


    Transformer no.31

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    227 0 17 0 0 1
    228 0 19 0 0 1
    229 0 18 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    227 0 68.51 0 0 0.15 68.66
    228 0 76.57 0 0 0.15 76.62
    229 0 72.54 0 0 0.15 72.69
    Total 218.07

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    250 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 218.07 / 250) x 100% = 87.23%

    1.) IFL = 250 / 20 = 12.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 12.5 = 18.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 250 / 0.03 = 8,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 250 / (0.03 x 20) = 416.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 416.67 = 666.67 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 250 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 218.07 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 20 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 20 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 18.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.31 is located at pole no.228

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    227 68.66 1 68.66
    68.66

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    229 72.69 1 72.69
    72.69

    %Kva= ( 68.66 / 72.69) x 100% = 94.95%

    Therefore, Transformer no.31 should be installed at pole no.228

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 250,000 / 230 = 1086.95 A.

    use: 2- 400,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.162 Xa= 0.458

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.458 + 0.035= 0.493
    Xc / Ra= 0.0.493 / 0.162= 3.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.8

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 68,660 / 230= 298.5 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 298.5 x 100) / 400,000= 1.79 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.79= 5.1 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 5.1= 5.1 V.

    %VR= (5.1 / 230) x 100%= 2.18%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 72,640 / 230= 320.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 320.29 x 100) / 400,000= 1.92 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.92= 5.38 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 5.38= 5.38 V.

    %VR= ( 5.38 / 230) x 100%= 2.34%


    Transformer no.32

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    223 0 11 0 0 1
    234 0 5 0 0 1
    235 0 7 0 0 1
    236 0 7 0 0 1
    237 0 7 0 0 1
    238 0 5 0 0 1
    239 0 12 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    223 0 44.33 0 0 0.15 44.48
    234 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    235 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    236 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    237 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    238 0 20.15 0 0 0.15 20.3
    239 0 48.36 0 0 0.15 40.51
    Total 218.67

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    250 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 218.67 / 250) x 100% = 87.47%

    1.) IFL = 250 / 20 = 12.5 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 12.5 = 18.75 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 250 / 0.03 = 8,333.33 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 250 / (0.03 x 20) = 416.67 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 416.67 = 666.67 A.
    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 250 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 218.67 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 20 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 20 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 18.75 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.

    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.32 is located at pole no.236

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    223 44.48 3 133.14
    234 20.3 2 40.6
    235 28.36 1 28.36
    202.1

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    237 28.26 1 28.36
    238 20.3 2 40.6
    239 48.51 3 145.53
    214.49

    %Kva= ( 202.1 / 214.49) x 100% = 94.22%

    Therefore, Transformer no.32 should be installed at pole no.236

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 250,000 / 230 = 1086.95 A.

    use: 2- 400,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.162 Xa= 0.458

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.458 + 0.035= 0.493
    Xc / Ra= 0.0.493 / 0.162= 3.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.8


    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 44,480 / 230= 193.39 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 193.39 x 100) / 400,000= 1.16 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.16= 3.25 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 400,000= 0.521 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 0.521= 1.49 V.

    Ispan-3 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 400,000= 0.74 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 0.74 = 2.07 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 3.25 + 1.49 + 2.07= 6.8 V.

    %VR= (6.8 / 230) x 100%= 2.96%

    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 400,000= 0.74 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 0.74= 2.07 V.

    Ispan-2 = 20,300 / 230= 88.26 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 88.26 x 100) / 400,000= 0.529 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 0.529= 1.48 V.

    Ispan-3 = 48,510 / 230= 210.91 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 210.91 x 100) / 400,000= 1.542 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.8 x 1.542= 3.542 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.07 + 1.48 + 3.54= 7.09 V.

    %VR= ( 7.09 / 230) x 100%= 3%


    Transformer no.33

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    241 0 7 0 0 1
    242 0 8 0 0 1
    243 0 9 0 0 1
    244 0 7 0 0 1
    245 0 8 0 0 1
    Total

    Pole no. Residential Loads Other Loads Street Lights Kva / Pole
    Class A Class B Class C
    241 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    242 0 32.24 0 0 0.15 32.39
    243 0 36.27 0 0 0.15 36.42
    244 0 28.21 0 0 0.15 28.36
    245 0 32.24 0 0 0.15 32.36
    Total 157.89

    Maximum Demand Load:


    Assuming:
    200 KVA, Single phase, 20 KV Distribution transformer with 3% impedance,
    115V/230V, 60 Hz.

    %Loading=( 157.89 / 200) x 100% = 78.95%

    1.) IFL = 200 / 20 = 10 A.

    2.) The maximum settings over current protection device in the primary:
    I = 1.5( IFL) = 1.5 x 10 = 15 A.

    3.) The short circuit KVA in the primary:


    KVASC = 200 / 0.03 = 6,666.67 Kva

    4.) The symmetrical short circuit current in the primary side:


    ISCsym = 200 / (0.03 x 20) = 333.33 A.

    5.) The Asymmetrical short circuit current in primary side:


    ISCasym =1.6(ISCsym ) =1.6 x 333.33 = 533.33 A.

    Therfore:
    The rating of the distribution transformer shall be 200 KVA, 20 KV, 115V/230V,
    60 Hz, Single phase with 3% Impedance. The total expected load is 157.89 KVA, it shall be
    protected by 15 Amps Fuse Link. The rating of the fuse cutout shall be 15 Amps. The
    maximum fuse setting is 15 Amps. The lightning Arrester shall be 21 KV line type.
    Selection of the most advantageous transformer location

    assume that Transformer no.33 is located at pole no.243

    Left side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    241 28.36 2 56.72
    242 32.39 1 32.39
    89.11

    Right side
    Pole number Kva / Pole No. of Span Kva-span
    244 28.36 1 28.36
    245 32.36 2 69.72
    93.08

    %Kva= ( 89.11 / 93.08) x 100% = 95.73%

    Therefore, Transformer no.33 should be installed at pole no.243

    1.) Determining the conductor size in secondary side of transformer:

    Current at secondary side of transformer (load side):

    I= 200,000 / 230 = 869.57 A.

    use: 2- 300,000 CM Hard Drawn Copper Conductor per line

    Ra= 0.250 Xa= 0.476

    use 9” spacing between secondary


    Xd= 0.035
    Xc= Xa + Xd= 0.476 + 0.035= 0.511
    Xc / Ra= 0.511 / 0.250= 2.04

    By using 80% power factor, the Drop Factor is 2.1

    2.) Calculation of %VR:

    Left side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 123.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 123.3 x 100) / 300,000= 0.97 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.97= 2.07V.

    Ispan-2 = 32,390 / 230= 140.83 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 140.83 x 100) / 300,000= 1.127 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.127= 2.37 V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.07 + 2.37= 4.44 V.

    %VR= ( 4.44 / 230) x 100%= 1.9%


    Right side

    Ispan-1 = 28,360 / 230= 128.3 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 128.3 x 100) / 300,000= 0.97 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 0.97= 2.07 V.

    Ispan-2 = 32,360 / 230= 140.69 A.

    Vdc= (24 x 140.69 x 100) / 300,000= 1.126 V.

    Vac= D.F. x Vdc = 2.1 x 1.126= 2.36V.

    Vac TOTAL = 2.07 + 2.36= 4.434 V.

    %VR= ( 4.434 / 230) x 100%= 1.93%

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