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BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR
CHEMICAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR

CHEMICAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

FLOPPY NO. : TCE.00000-ME-FP-122

FILE NAME : M1ME901R3.DOC

REV. NO. R0 R1 R2 R3 ISSUE

INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN.

PPD. BY NVS/SVP Sd/-/Sd/- SST Sd/- SCH Sd/- SCH

CHD. BY AR Sd/- DP Sd/- TSR Sd/- TSR R3

APD. BY RRG Sd/- KG Sd/- RL Sd/- RL

DATE 83.12.20 94.04.15 01.02.02 01.09.03

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BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR
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CONTENTS

SL. NO. TITLE SH. NO.

1.0 SCOPE 1

2.0 ANALYSIS OF WATER 1

3.0 ANALYSIS OF FUEL 10

4.0 ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENTS 13

5.0 COLLECTION OF METEOROLOGICAL 13

DATA

6.0 MISCELLANEOUS 14

APPENDIX-1 FORMAT FOR RAW WATER ANALYSIS 15

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REVISION STATUS

REV. NO. DATE DESCRIPTION

R0 83.12.20 --

R1 94.04.15 Generally revised.

R2 01.02.02 Generally revised.

R3 01.09.03 Appendix-1 revised.

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1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This basic study guide covers guidelines for setting up a chemical laboratory to
monitor the quality of water, fuel and effluents in power plants and water supply
projects. Testing facilities available in the vicinity of the operating plant and
cost-benefit analysis of having facilities in-house shall be considered while
making recommendations to client.

1.2 For chemical and industrial plants, process collaborator’s and client’s
requirements shall be considered. For utility generation plants within chemical
and industrial plants, guidelines as indicated in this document may be used with
suitable modifications.

1.3 This document does not include guidelines for laboratory furniture and
laboratory layout.

2.0 ANALYSIS OF WATER

2.1 Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for analysis of water :

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Conductivity meter with a To measure the purity of water since
selectable range to cover 0 to 2 conductivity of water is related to
mhos. Accuracy 0.1% FSD. dissolved solids. Conductivity
Digital display. Battery and line measurements are required to control
operated. the purity of steam, condensate and
feed water, to regulate and adjust
blowdown from boiler to keep
dissolved solids within limits and to
decide about regeneration cycles of
demineralizer plant.
2. pH papers and pH meter with To indicate the acidic or alkaline
digital display, automatic slope condition of water samples to control
adjustment and temperature corrosion and to determine the state of
compensation. Accuracy reactions in various processes
±0.01pH.
3. Photo colorimeter or To measure the concentration of
absorptiometer. Single beam. various constituents like phosphate,
Wavelength 340 to 800 nm. silica, iron, copper, hydrazine,
Digital readout. Detector- ammonia, etc. in water which can be
phototube. determined by colourimetric methods
of analysis

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
4. Turbidimeter (Nephelometer) To measure the turbidity of water for
Selectable ranges to cover 0 to controlling the performance of clarifier
1000 NTU (Line-cum-battery and filters
operated). Sensitive to a change
of 0.01 NTU. Digital display
5. Jar test apparatus For controlling the performance of
clarifiers

6. Alfoc test kit for oxygen To test dissolved oxygen in feed water

7. BDH comparator with discs for For measuring residual chlorine in

chlorine water to control chlorination

8. Double beam spectrophoto- It will be useful for carrying out all

meter. Wavelength range 190 to colourimetric determinations of
900 nm. Microprocessor metallic and non-metallic constituents
controlled. Digital display and of samples in solution. Necessary for
integral printer carrying out multi-element analysis in
ppb range.

9. Flame photometer For measurement of alkali and alkali

earth metals.

10. Amperometric titrator. For the measurement of free, total and

Precision ±0.05 ppm Cl2. combined chlorine as well as for any
Sensitivity 0.01 ppm Cl2 redox titrations.

11. Specific ion analyser For determination of fluoride, chloride

and ammonia, particularly for
determination when the water sample
is coloured.

12. De-ioniser with spare cartridges To produce ion free water for dilution

13. Analytical macro balance For precision gravimetric analysis

capacity 200 gm Precision 0.05
mg

14. Laboratory oven thermo- For chemical analysis

statically controlled with range
30 to 2500 C ± 0.750 C and
fitted with circulating fan

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.

15. Electronic tap-loading balance.

Range 0 to 500 gms. Precision
±0.1 mg

16. Incubator. Temperature range- For BOD test and bacterial incubation
(-)10 to 500 C with ±0.50 C
uniformity

17. Laboratory furnace-general For chemical analysis

purpose. Muffle for temperature
up to 11000 C with automatic
temperature control

18. Triple beam balance-capacity For gravimetric analysis

2.5Kg. Balance weights 1x1
Kg, 1x0.5Kg and 1 to 1000 gms
brass

BDH: BRITISH DRUG HOUSE , BOD: BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

FSD: FULL SCALE DEFLECTION, NTU: NEPHELOMETRIC TURBIDITY UNIT

2.2 Following additional instruments/apparatus are recommended, if there exists a

need, to frequently check the quality of potable water, performance of clarifiers
and clariflocculators or where Research and Development (R&D) type of work is
intended to be carried out.

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.

1. Atomic Absorption Spectro- For determination of following

photometer(AAS) with graphite elements: aluminium, arsenic,
furnace, accessories and spares barium, calcium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, iron, lead,
magnesium, manganese, mercury,
potassium, selenium, sodium, silver
and zinc

2. TOC analyser with conducto- For analysing total inorganic or

metric CO2 sensor, sample organic carbon
stram splitter for measurement
of TIC and TC, UV oxidation
reactor for conversion of

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
organic to CO2. Range 1 to 200
mg/l

3. Laser particle counter. To read out particle size and number

Detectibility-0.5µm to 100µm. in bottled liquids and flow- through
systems, in water treatment plants for
particle agglomeration studies and
settling characteristics studies.

4. High powered binocular To detect aquatic organisms

microscope with built-in
illumination system. Objective
- 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X

5. Colony counter with mark For bacteriological analysis

counter probe, digital display
unit, low distortion magnifier
grid and adjustable overhead
lighting unit

6. Auto clave. Operating range For bacteriological analysis

1000 C/0psi to 1300 C/25psi
TC: TOTAL CARBON, TIC: TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON
TOC: TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON, UV: ULTRAVIOLET

2.3 Following additional instruments/apparatus are recommended for water supply

projects.

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.

1. Gas chromatograph with For detection of pesticides and

electron capture detector, herbicides and elemental and fuel gas
thermal conductivity detector, analysis
flame ionisation detector,
carrier gas and standard gas
cylinders

2. Depth sampler assembly To collect samples at various depths

from a water body like lake, river etc.

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.

3. Gold film mercury detector In case AAS is out of order, it can be

used for mercury determination

2.4 In addition to instruments/apparatus indicated at 2.1 to 2.3 above, following

common items are recommended for analysis of water for any type of plant:

(a) Electrically heated water bath

(b) Electric hot plate capable of continuous operation

(c) Heating mantles

(d) Water still

(e) General purpose laboratory centrifuge with timer

(f) Centrifuge tubes

(g) Refrigerator

(h) Vacuum / Pressure pump

(i) Membrane filtration holder for vacuum filtration and membrane filters

(j) Sieve shaker - Imparting both circular and vertical movement to the
sample being seived

(k) Sieves BS 410 : 69 100 mm diameter

Aperture 5.60 mm
4.00 mm
2.80 mm
2.00 mm
1.40 mm
1.00 mm
0.71 mm
0.50 mm
0.25 mm
0.149 mm
0.074 mm
Receiver
Sieve cover
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(l) Sieves BS 410 : 69 300 mm diameter

Aperture 16.0 mm
11.2 mm
8.0 mm
5.6 mm
Receiver
Sieve cover

(m) Stop watch

(n) Interval timer

(o) Dry and wet bulb thermometer

(p) Input power controller for heating mantles

2.5 Following miscellaneous items and glassware are required for analysis of water :

SL.NO. DESCRIPTION
1. Distillation flasks, round bottom, short neck
1000 ml capacity
2. Distillation splash heads, vertical quick fit type
3. Cone size to fit flask 24/29
Cone size to fit condenser 24/29
4. Condensers quick fit type - Liebig, Graham, Friedricks and condenser
adaptors
5. Adaptor receiver
6. Pipettes - 2 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml,
Bulbs class B BS 1583 1ml, 2 ml, 5ml, 10 ml,
Graduated pipette BS 700 Type 1 calibrated to deliver 0.1 ml,
Capillary pipette BS1428 Type 1 graduated for delivery
Pipette filler and dispenser
Safety pipette filler
7. Pipette filters
8. Burettes - 50 ml, 25 ml shell back class B, BS 846
10 ml (0.02 ml graduation)
Burettes - Automatic 25ml and 50 ml
Burettes - Micro-automatic 2ml and 5 ml
Burette support
Single burette holder
9. Nessler cylinders - 50ml, 100ml capacity

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SL.NO. DESCRIPTION
10. Stands for above 50ml capacity
100ml capacity
11. Measuring cylinders BS 604
10ml, 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml
12. Distillation receivers 100ml with spout
13. Measuring cylinders-polythene with spout 1000ml
14. Volumetric flasks class B, BS 1792, with inter-changeable polypropylene
stoppers 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 200ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml, 2000ml
15. Beakers-pyrex low form with spout
-50ml, 100ml, 250ml, 600ml, 1000ml, 2000ml
Tall form - 400ml, 600ml
Conical - 125ml, 250ml
Beaker tongs
Beakers, Teflon 100 ml and 250 ml capacity
16. Polypropylene AZLON 1000ml, 2000ml
17. Buchner flasks - pyrex 500ml, 1000ml
18. BOD bottles
Reagent, narrow mouth stoppered polystop
125ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml
Amber glass, narrow mouth, stoppered polystop
250ml, 500ml
1250 ml winchester pattern
Polypropylene narrow mouth, medium wall,
Autoclavable to 145°C
60ml, 125ml, 500ml, 1000ml, 2000ml
Polythene wash bottles 500ml
Polythene aspirator 40 lit, 9 lit
125ml dropping bottle with polythene stopper
Density bottles 50ml, 100ml capacity BS 733
Hartley funnels 7 cm dia AZLON
Gas washing bottles - Dreehsel's 500ml
Woolf bottles 500ml
Weighing bottles polypropylene 25 ml
19. Pear shaped separatory funnels: capacity 500 ml and 1000 ml
Cylindrical separatory funnels: capacity 500 ml and 1000 ml
Thistle Funnels
Porcelain funnel with fixed perforated filter plates
Funnel with fritted discs having different pore sizes
Funnels-
75mm, 200mm plain soda glass
250ml, 500ml, 1000ml separating cylindrical
Pyrex BS 2021

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SL.NO. DESCRIPTION
20. Imhoff cone 1000ml
Brush for imhoff cone
21. Wooden stand for above
22. Desiccator - vacuum 20 cm dia
Desiccator - non-vacuum 20 cm dia
23. Watch glasses - Pyrex and Teflon - 4 cm, 7.5 cm, 12.5 cm
24. Test tubes
(a)100mm x 12mm rimless, soda glass
(b)125mm x 16mm rimless, Pyrex
Test tube rack
25. Gas distribution tubes - porosity No.1
26. Glass rod - 5mm soda glass
27. Stirring rods 229 x 6.5 mm
28. Glass tubing
Id 4mm, 6mm, 8mm soda glass
29. Thermometers - general purpose BS 1704
5 to 1050 C
0 to 3600 C
30. Evaporating basins
Safety tong for casseroles
1 Pyrex flat bottomed 80mm dia, nickel round bottomed 60mm dia and
Porcelain 90mm dia
31. Crucible porcelain with fritted glass, capacity- 15 and 30 ml., pore size
from 4 to 220 microns
Walter crucible holder
Crucible tongs
Crucibles - silica glazed translucent
25ml capacity crucibles
Covers for Crucibles - Gooch - Porcelain with perforated
Crucible - nickel 25ml capacity
Platinum - 10ml capacity
32. Rubber crucible cones in 34mm large end 31mm
33. Filter paper - Whatman or equivalent grade No.1, 41 No.42, 15 cm dia
34. Glass wool
Glass fibre pads - Whatman grade, GFC or equivalent 2.5 cm, 7 cm dia
35. Retort stands - cast iron, double and single
36. Rods, mild steel - 50cm, 75cm length
37. Stands - pipette - horizontal and vertical
38. Test tube racks - 12 holes
39. Burette holders - double
40. Boss heads
41. Clamps
42. Funnel holder - double
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SL.NO. DESCRIPTION
43. Iron-wire triangles with clay tube coverings
Tripods - triangular
44. Bunsen burner - gas type
45. Gauzes - asbestos centre
46. Magnetic stirring bars 12mm, 25mm, 37mm PTFE coated
47. Stirring bar retriever
48. Rubber tubing - gas N8
Normal wall N3, N6.5, N8
PVC tubing colourless
5mm, 6.5mm, 10mm bore
49. Rubber teats - assorted sizes
50. Rubber stoppers - assorted pack
51. Corks assorted
52. Cork rings id - 80mm
53. Cork borers - set of six 4 to 10mm
54. Cork borer sharpener
55. Spatula nickel spoon one and 12 cm and 18 cm Chattaway 15.2 cm
56. Brushes-assorted for beaker, bottle and burette
57. Pinch cocks
Clips - mohr No.1, No.3
58. Pestle and mortar 12.5 cm dia, agate and porcelain
59. Tongs crucible 20 cm beaker
Furnace 38 cm
60. Gloves - latex
Gloves- asbestos guantlet disposable
61. Glass cutting knife
62. Glass cutting file
63. Hydrometers. Range 0.80 to 0.85, 0.85 to 0.90, 0.90 to 0.95, 0.95 to 1.0
and 1.0 to 2.0
64. Goggles - safety/contrast
65. Sealing tissue - parafilm 16.5 cm
66. Silicone vacuum grease
67. Stopclock
68. Tool kit
69. Paper towels - kim wipes or similar
70. Scissors
71. Gas-lighter-battery operated
72. Marking pens and refills
73. Labells - Dymo tape set
74. Laboratory coats
75. Plastic buckets 11 litre capacity
76. First aid kit-for up to 50 people

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SL.NO. DESCRIPTION
77. Eye wash bottles
78. Boiling chip
79. Litmus paper
80. Glass joints- Ball socket joints, O-ring joints, Taper inner and outer joints,
Reducing and enlarging adapters
81. Jerrycan bottles (polythene) - 10 & 20 lit capacity
82. Petri dishes
83. Trays-enamel and fibreglass
84. Visor
85. Ring support for levelling bottle
86. Flask-vacuum - 1000 ml capacity
87. Flask-Kjeldahl - capacity 500 and 800 ml
88. Aspirator with splashgon
89. Scoops for sample collection

Typical format for analysis of water is given in Appendix-1.

3.0 ANALYSIS OF FUEL

3.1 COAL

Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for analysis of coal :

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Ordinary oven To determine moisture in air dried coal
2. Vacuum oven To determine moisture in the sample
3. Electric muffle furnace (small For determination of volatile matter in
size) coal
4. Electric muffle furnace For determination of ash content in
(large size) coal
5. Bomb calorimeter To determine calorific value of coal
and /or fuel oil
6. Crusher (large size)
7. Crusher (medium size) To crush coal samples, reduce them
and prepare for analysis
8. Palmec mill
9. Jar ball mill
10. Re-tap sieve shaker For preparation of coal sample for
final analysis and for testing
performance of coal mills

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
11. Riffle sample divider. SS feed Prepares coal samples in accordance
chutes and riffles with ASTM D 2013
12. Sulphur analyser. To check sulphur concentration
Microprocessor control of all between 0.005 to 100% in coal and oil
operations and calculations.
Results reported in mg/l or in %

3.2 OIL

Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for analysis of oil :

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Kinematic viscometers To determine viscosity of oils
Calibrated and un-calibrated to
cover the range from 2 to 500
cS. Kinematic viscosity constant
temperature bath.
Temperature range: 4 to 1200 C.
Uniformity to ±0.010 F. To
accommodate not less than 6
viscometers
2. Pensky-marten flash point To determine close and open cup
apparatus flash point of oils
3. Equipment for determination of For quick approximate estimation of
water and sediment by centrifuge water and sludge content in oils
4. Hydrometer and constant To determine density or specific
temperature bath gravity of oils
5. Sediment by extraction To determine sediment in oils
apparatus
6. Dean and stark apparatus To determine water content in oils

3.3 GAS

Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for analysis of gas :

SL. NO. INSTRUMENT/ PURPOSE

APPARATUS
1. Orsat apparatus For analysis of carbon dioxide, oxygen
and carbon monoxide in flue gas and
to adjust combustion conditions

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SL. NO. INSTRUMENT/ PURPOSE

APPARATUS
2. Explosivity meter To detect leaks of gases like hydrogen
and other combustible gases

3.4 INSULATING AND LUBRICATING OIL

Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for analysis of insulating and

lubricating oils:

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Tensiometer (DU NUOY ring For measuring surface and interfacial
method) tension of insulating oil
Range - 0 to 100 dynes/cm
Sensitivity - 0.02 dynes/cm
Precision - 0.25% FSD
2. Foaming tendency analyser. Severe foaming can lead to loss of
Conforming to ASTM D 892 fluid and impaired lubrication and
heat transfer properties. The
instrument measures foaming
tendency and stability
3. Air separation value tester. Entrainment of air by lubricants and
Conforming to ASTM D 3427 hydraulic fluids promotes oxidation
and increases compressibility
resulting in slower response to the
hydraulic system. The test is useful in
determining trends in fluid
performance.
4. Water analyser in lubricating Water is the most likely cause of the
and insulating oil. degradation of oil resulting in the
Microprocessor based formation of acidic products. The
instrument to check in ppb instrument measures water in ppb
range range.

3.5 OCCASIONAL DETAILED ANALYSIS

3.5.1 Coal

Following instruments/apparatus are occasionally required for detailed analysis

and may be recommended on case to case basis after carrying out cost-benefit
analysis:

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SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Electric tube furnace with For determination of hydrogen and
accessories carbon content in coal
2. Kjeldahl digestion and To determine nitrogen content in coal
distillation apparatus
3. Ash fusion furnace To determine fusion point in coal ash
4. Hardgrove grindability index To determine grindability index of
apparatus coal

3.5.2 Oil

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Oxidation test apparatus To determine condition of oil at any
time for further use

3.5.3 Gas

SL. INSTRUMENT/ APPARATUS PURPOSE

NO.
1. Gas chromatograph To determine composition of gases

4.0 ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENTS

Following instruments/apparatus may be recommended for analysis of liquid and

gaseous effluents :

(a) BOD incubator

(b) Stack monitoring kit

(c) Anenometer to determine flue gas velocity

5.0 COLLECTION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Following instruments/apparatus are recommended for collection of

meteorological data :

(a) Wind anemometer to measure wind speed using three (3) cup rotator with
sensor of optical/ultrasonic interruptor, specifying maximum wind speed
and accuracy

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(b) Wind direction sensor to indicate wind direction with an accuracy of ±50
under ambient conditions

(c) Barometric pressure sensor for gas turbine performance analysis - piezo
electric sensing element/capacitive sensing element in aluminium casing -
range 600 to 1100 mB ( 0 to 4242 metres above MSL) with accuracy ±
0.1% of overall reading

(d) Dry and wet bulb thermometer

(e) Relative humidity sensor - capacitance type with range 0 to 100%

(f) Rainfall sensor-tripping bucket type, range to suit maximum rainfall,

unlimited capacity - magnetic reed switch type

6.0 MISCELLANEOUS

The laboratory shall be well-lit and ventilated. Eye-wash fountains and safety
showers shall be provided at suitable locations inside or near the laboratory.

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APPENDIX - 1

FORMAT FOR RAW WATER ANALYSIS

SOURCE __________________ SAMPLE DATE ___________ TEST DATE_______________

TEMPERATURE _________°C COLLECTED BY ___________ TESTED BY_______________

SL. NO. CONSTITUENT UNIT VALUE

1. Colour and odour -
2. Oil and grease mg/l
3. BOD mg/l
4. COD mg/l
5. KMnO 4 value at 250 C mg/l
6. Suspended solids mg/l
7. Turbidity NTU
8. Calcium hardness as CaCO3 mg/l
9. Magnesium hardness as CaCO3 mg/l
10. Sodium + Potassium as Na mg/l
11. Chloride as Cl mg/l
12. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l
13. Sulphide as S mg/l
14. M-Alkalinity (HCO3 ) as CaCO3 mg/l
15. P-Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l
16. Nitrates as NO3 mg/l
17. Nitrites as NO2 mg/l
18. Hydrogen sulphide mg/l
19. Silica as SiO 2 – dissolved mg/l
20. Silica as SiO 2 – colloidal mg/l
21. Carbon dioxide mg/l
22. Iron as Fe-dissolved mg/l
23. Iron as Fe-suspended mg/l
24. Total dissolved solids mg/l

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APPENDIX - 1 (CONTD.)

SL. NO. CONSTITUENT UNIT VALUE

25. Conductivity at 250 C µ-mho/cm
26. pH at 250 C -
27. Dissolved oxygen as O2 mg/l

ADDITIONAL TESTS FOR POTABLE / PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY

SL. NO. CONSTITUENT UNIT VALUE
28. Colour Cobalt unit
29. Coliform count / 100 ml -
30. Plankton count / 100 ml -
31. Virus count PFU/1
32. Most Probable Number (MPN) Units/100 ml
33. Radioactive materials:
(a) Alpha emitters Mc/ml
(b) Beta emitters Mc/ml
34. Aluminium as such mg/l
35. Arsenic as such mg/l
36. Barium as such mg/l
37. Cadmium as such mg/l
38. Chromium (total) as such mg/l
39. Chromium (Hexavalent) as such mg/l
40. Copper as such mg/l
41. Cyanide as such mg/l
42. Fluoride as such mg/l
43. Lead as such mg/l
44. Manganese as such mg/l
45. Mercury as such mg/l

ISSUE
R3

TCE FORM NO. 120 R1

 TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED SECTION : APPENDIX

TCE. M1-ME-824-901 SHEET 17 OF 17

BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR
CHEMICAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX - 1 (CONTD.)

SL. NO. CONSTITUENT UNIT VALUE

46. Selenium as such mg/l
47. Silver as such mg/l
48. Zinc as such mg/l
49. Foaming Agents as such (MBAS mg/l
– Methylene Blue Active
Substances)
50. Aldrin as such mg/l
51. Chlordane as such mg/l
52. DDT as such mg/l
53. Dieldrin as such mg/l
54. Endrin as such mg/l
55. Heptachlor as such mg/l
56. Heptachlor Epoxide as such mg/l
57. Lindane as such mg/l
58. Methoxychlor as such mg/l
59. Toxaphane as such mg/l
60. 2, 4 - Dm as such mg/l
61. 2, 4, 5 -TP (Silvex) as such mg/l
62. Chloroform as such mg/l
63. Phenols as such mg/l

BOD : Bio- Chemical Oxygen Demand

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
PFU : Plaque Forming Unit

ISSUE
R3

TCE FORM NO. 120 R1