ENVIRONMENTAL STAGES
Mental Development
Human Development
It refers to the stages
of changes that individuals
undergo through the life
span. It involves Physiological
and Biological Development,
Cognitive Development and
Social Development.
Factors Contributing To Human
Development
1. Nature- it is a person’s
biological inheritance
2. Nurture- The environment of
a child plays a vital role in the
development of one’s
individuality.
Understanding The
Adolescence
Adolescence is defined
as a developmental stage of
transition from the period of
puberty to the legal age or age
of majority.
Latin term: Adolescence
Means “to grow up”
Puberty is the process
that leads to sexual maturity or
fertility which is the ability to
reproduce.
Early Adolescence- Early
shares one’s self more
adolescence is the first step of
adolescence that occurs from
ages 10 to 14.
There’s a rapid changes
with individuals’ physical
attributes such as hair among
males, broader shoulder and
etc.
In this stage, most of
them engage in risky behaviors
like having a taste of cigarette
smoking, sipping their first
alcoholic beverages or even a
taste of illegal substances.
Middle Adolescence- Middle
adolescence occurs from ages
15 to 17. In this stage, teens
become extremely conscious of
their physical looks and how
others see them.
Girls in this stage
become conscious on how to be
attractive.
These young middle
aged individuals become
absorbed in their relationships
outside of the home.
Late Adolescence- Late
adolescence generally happens
during high school years which
starts from being a freshmen
who feels anxious about the
bigger school with a bigger
crowd while feeling excited and
enthusiastic about all the new
world of possibilities.
They engage on more
adventurous activities like real
‘adults’.
Basic Maturation During
Adolescence
1. Emotional Development
 Develop low self-
esteem due to
hormonal changes.
 Asserts for
independence from
their parents
2. Physical Development
 Physical changes are
achieved by girls
pertaining to puberty
until age 15.
 Boys physically mature,
gains muscles and
strength as well as
grater height.
3. Social Development
 Desires friends of same
views, ideals and
interests
 Peers become essential
part of their lives
 Becomes romantically
attached
4.
 Understands points of
concerns pertaining to 7. Generativity vs.
the family and society
 Develops moral insights
Theories Explaining Adolescent
Development 8. Integrity vs. Despair-
Erikson’s Theory
1. Trust vs. Mistrust- the
stage in which the
infant feels uncertain
about the external Jean Piaget’s Theory
world.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt- the stage in
which the child begins
to asserts for
independence and
starts to make simple
decisions.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt- the
stage in which the child
begins to regularly
interact with other
children.
4. Industry vs.
Competence- the stage
where peer group
becomes very
important and becomes
source of self-esteem
5. Identity vs. Role
Confusion- individual
begins to look to the
future
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation-
the stage where one
intimately with others.
Stagnation- the stage of
established career,
family life and greater
productivity
one contemplates and
looks into what was
accomplished which
leads to sense of
integrity.
1. Sensorimotor
Stage- the infants
construct an
understanding of
the world by
coordinating
sensory
experiences with
physical, motor
actions
2. Preoperational
Stage- the infants
are able to think
about things
symbolically.
3. Concrete
Operational Stage-
this is the beginning
of logical or
operational thought
4. Formal Operational
Stage- the children
develop the ability
to think about
abstract concept