PEAK LOAD REDUCTION DEVICE

SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by
MUHAMMED JASSIM M
S7E2, Roll No. 35
06400043

To
The University of Kerala
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
2009
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

Certificate

This is to certify that the report entitled “Peak Load Reduction Device”, submitted by
MUHAMMED JASSIM M, S7 ELECTRICAL, 06400043 to the University of Kerala in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical Engineering (2003) is a bonafide record of the seminar presented by him.

Prof. R Harikumar Prof. D.P. Balachandran

Coordinator

Francis M Fernandez
Lecturer

Smt. Bindu S Prof. T.G.Vijayakumar

Lecturer Head of Department.
Electrical Engineering
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and heartful indebtedness to my

seminar staff members, Prof. R Harikumar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Prof.

Francis M Fernandez, Department of Electrical Engineering, and Smt. Bindu, Lecturer,

Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, for their valuable
guidance and encouragement in presenting this seminar.

I am thankful to Prof. T.G. Vijayakumar, Head of Department, Department of

Electrical Engineering, Prof. D.P. Balachandran, U.G, Coordinator, Department of Electrical
Engineering and Smt. V.P. Mini, staff advisor, for their kind cooperation.

I would like to thank all the faculty members of the Department of Electrical
Engineering for their support. And last but not the least I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to my parents and friends for their timely support and guidance during the times of
difficulties

Muhammed Jassim M
 ABSTRACT

For countries like India, where the major share of electrical power generation is
contributed by hydal power plants, the availability of adequate electrical power is mainly
dependent on monsoon. So during off season mainly, the generated power will be insufficient to
meet the power demands especially during the peak load hours at which the power demanded
from a utility reaches its maximum. So it is important to use the generated power in the most
efficient manner during the above mentioned peak hours and also, off-peak hours. This paper
discusses the various measures to manage the peak load demands that are commonly being used
and reports the conceptual design of a Peak Load Reduction (PLR) Device meant to cycle on/off
air conditioners, swimming pool pumps, water heaters and compressors. It presents the impact of
the proliferation of such devices on the local marginal cost of electric energy and the effect on
indoor temperature. A brief description of the effect of such devices on equipments is
demonstrated by the theoretical simulation of the joint operation of an air conditioner along with
a PLR Device. It also discusses different cases of on and off times of the PLR device to elaborate
the effect of the device on efficiency parameters. Finally this paper suggests some social
measures also to enhance the implementation of the device to different consumer categories as
the acceptance of such devices, even if they are produced in large commercial scales with the
lowest possible prizes is doubtful due to the tendency of lack of interest.
 CONTENTS

No. Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 07

2. PEAK LOAD MANAGEMENT 08

3. COMMON PEAK LOAD REDUCTION METHODS 09

a. SOLAR CELLS, PANELS 09

b. FUEL CELLS 09

c. INVERTERS 09

d. COGENERATION 09

e. VEHICLE TO GRID CONCEPT 09

4. PLR DEVICE DESIGN 11

a. INITIALIZATION PROCEDURE 11

b. INPUT ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING 12

c. PROCESSING OF TIMING RESULTS 13

d. DETECTION OF RF SIGNAL (MANUAL MODE) 13

e. PRIORITY CONCEPT 15

5. PLR DEVICE EFFECT ON AC PERFORMANCE 16

6. ENERGY SAVINGS WITH PLR DEVICE 18

7. CONCLUSION 19

8. REFERENCES 20
 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.

No. Page No.

Fig. 1 Vehicle To Grid Concept 10

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of PLR Device 12

Fig. 3 Flowchart of different subroutines 14

Fig. 4 Side view of demonstration board of a PLR Device 16

Fig. 5 Indoor Temp. Vs Time graph of AC operation 17

Fig. 6 Energy savings Vs Half cycling graph 18