1. If 140 L/s of water flows through the 4. A horizontal pipe carries 30 cfs of water.

system shown below, calculate the total At A the diameter is 18 in. and the
head loss between 2 and 3. pressure is 10 psi. At B the diameter is
(Answer: 11.80 m) 36 in. and the pressure is 10.9 psi.
Determine the head lost between the two
points.
(Answer: 2.1186 ft.)
a. 2.1186 ft.
b. 3.1186 ft.
c. 4.1186 ft.
d. 5.1186 ft.
a. 18.00 m
5. Two sections, A and B, are 4.5 km apart
b. 11.80 m
along a 4-m diameter riveted-steel pipe
c. 29.80 m
in its best condition. A is 100 m higher
d. 7.992 m
than B. If the water temperature is 20 °C
2. Oil, with ρ= 900kg/m3 and kinematic
and the pressure heads measured at A
coefficient of viscosity ν= 0,00001m2/s,
and B are 8.3 and 76.7 m, respectively,
flows at qv = 0,2m3/s through 500 m of
what is the flow rate? Assume minor
200-mm diameter cast-iron pipe.
losses are negligible. f = 0.014
Determine the head loss.
(Answer: 78.8 m3/s )
(Answer: 117 m)
a. 63.5 m3/s
a. 115 m
b. 83.7 m3/s
b. 114 m
c. 29.3 m3/s
c. 118 m
d. 78.8 m3/s
d. 117 m
3. Incompressible steady flow of water
occurs in a tube of constant cross section,
as shown in the figure. What is the head
loss between sections A and B?
(Answer: 38.5 ft.)

a. 35.8 ft.
b. 38.3 ft.
c. 38.5 ft.
d. 35.8 ft.
1. A horizontal nozzle reduces from 100
mm bore diameter at inlet to 50 mm at
exit. It carries liquid of density 1000
kg/m3 at a rate of 0.05 m3/s. The pressure
at the wide end is 500 kPa (gauge).
Calculate the pressure at the narrow end
neglecting friction.
(Answer: 196 kPa)
a. 193 kPa
b. 194 kPa
c. 195 kPa
d. 196 kPa
2. A pipe carries oil of density 800 kg/m3.
At a given point (1) the pipe has a bore
area of 0.005 m2 and the oil flows with a
mean velocity of 4 m/s with a gauge
pressure of 800 kPa. Point (2) is further
along the pipe and there the bore area is
0.002 m2 and the level is 50 m above
point (1). Calculate the pressure at this
point (2). Neglect friction.
(Answer: 374 kPa)
a. 274 kPa
b. 374 kPa
c. 376 kPa
d. 276 kPa
3. A pipe 100 mm bore diameter carries oil
of density 900 kg/m3 at a rate of 4 kg/s.
The pipe reduces to 60 mm bore
diameter and rises 120 m in altitude. The
pressure at this point is atmospheric
(zero gauge). Assuming no frictional
losses, determine:
I. The volume (Answer: 4.44 dm3/s)
a. 3.5 dm3/s
b. 2.44 dm3/s
c. 4.00 dm3/s
d. 4.44 dm3/s
II. The velocity at each section
(Answer: 0.566 m/s and 1.57 m/s)
a. 0.25 m/s and 1.57 m/s
b. 0.566 m/s and 1.57 m/s
c. 0.566 m/s and 1.48 m/s
d. 0.696 m/s and 1.69 m/s
III. The pressure at the lower end.
(Answer: 1.06 MPa)
a. 2.5 MPa
b. 1.78 MPa
c. 1.06 MPa
d. 1.69 MPa
4. A pipe 120 mm bore diameter carries
water with a head of 3 m. The pipe
descends 12 m in altitude and reduces to
80 mm bore diameter. The pressure head
at this point is 13 m. The density is 1000
kg/m3. Assuming no losses, determine
the velocity in the small pipe.
(Answer: 7 m/s)
a. 7 m/s
b. 6 m/s
c. 5 m/s
d. 4 m/s
5. A horizontal nozzle has an inlet velocity
u1 and an outlet velocity u2 and
discharges into the atmosphere. Show
that the velocity at exit is given by the
following formulae.
2 1⁄2 2 1⁄2
u2 ={2∆p/ρ + u1 } & u2 ={2g∆h + u1 }
SOLUTIONS 4. Discharge
QA=QB = 30 ft3/s
With Head Loss Velocity head
𝑣& 8𝑄&
1. p2/γ + υ22/2g + z2 = p3/γ + υ32/2g + z3 + =
hL 2𝑔 𝜋 & 𝑔𝑑 <
υ2 = Q/A2 = (140 x 10-3)[(π/4)(0.300)2] = 𝑣& 8(30)&
= = 4.4752𝑓𝑡.
1.981 m/s 2𝑔 𝜋 & (32.2)( 8 )<
υ3 = Q/A3 = (140 x 10-3)[(π/4)(0.150)2] = 12
7.992 m/s 𝑣& 8(30)&
From 2 to 3 = = 0.2797𝑓𝑡.
2𝑔 𝜋 & (32.2)(36)<
p2/9.81 + 1.9812/[2(9.81)] + 0 = 0 + 12
7.9222/[2(9.81)] + 15 + hL(2-3) Pressure head
hL = p2/9.81 – 18.00 𝜌A 10(12)&
From 1 to 2 = = 23.0769𝑓𝑡.
𝛾C 62.4
p1/γ + υ12/2g + z1 = p2/γ + υ22/2g + z2 + hL(1-
2)
0 + 0 + 30 = p2/9.81 + 1.9812/[2(9.81)] + 0 + 𝜌D 10.9(12)&
= = 25.1538𝑓𝑡.
0 𝛾C 62.4
p2/9.81 = 29.80 m Energy between A and B
hL(2-3) = 29.80 – 18.00 = 11.80 m 𝐸A − 𝐻𝐿 = 𝐸D
&
𝑣A 𝜌J
2. Velocity is equal to v = qv/( π d2 4 ) = + + 𝑍A − 𝐻𝐿
2𝑔 𝛾C
6.4 m/s.
𝑣D & 𝜌D
Absolute roughness for iron-cast pipe is = + + 𝑍A
2𝑔 𝛾C
ε = 0.26 mm. So relative roughness is ε
4.4752 + 23.0769 + 0 − 𝐻𝐿
= ε d = 0,0013. Now we are able to
calculate using the formula(10) or = 0.2797 + 25.1538
Moody chart, friction factor f = 0,0225. +0
Then the head loss is 𝐇𝐋 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝐟𝐭.
RS T VS RX T VX
𝑙𝑣 & 5. + + ℎA = + + ℎD +
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑓 &U W &U W
𝑑2𝑔 ℎY ;
500(6.4)& Where hL = hf VA = VB, and use B as
ℎ𝑓 = 0.225 a datum elevation
0.2(2)(9.81)
8.3m + 100m = 76.7m + 0m + hf
𝐡𝐟 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐦
hf = 31.6 m
hf = f (L/D)(V2/2g)
3. pA/γ + υA2/2g + zA = pB/γ + υB2/2g + 4500m V&
zB + hL 31.6m = (0.014) \ ]^ b
4m (2)(9.81m/s& )
Since QA = QB and AA = AB, υA = υB V = 6.27 m/sec
90(144)/62.4 + υA2/2g + 0 = Q = AV
π 𝑚
30(144)/62.4 + υB2/2g + 100 + hL 𝑄 = cd f (4𝑚)& h (6.27 )
4 𝑠
Q = 78.8 m3/s
hL = 38.50 ft
Without Head Loss 5. p1 +ρu12/2 + ρgz1 = p2 + ρu22/2+ ρgz2
1. z1= z2
π𝐷k & π(0.1)& 2 2
𝐴k = = = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟓𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎q𝟑 𝒎𝟐 p1 +ρu1 /2 = p2 + ρu2 /2
4 4
π𝐷& & π(0.05)& p1 -p2 =(ρ/2)(u22 -u12)
𝐴& = =
4 4
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎q𝟑 𝒎𝟐
2(p1 -p2)/ρ=(u22 -u12)
𝑄 0.05
𝑢k = = = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
𝐴k 7.854 𝑥 10qw u2 = √(2∆p/ρ + u12)
𝑄 0.05 Substitute p = ρgh and u2 =√{2g∆h +
𝑢& = = = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
𝐴& 1.9635 𝑥 10qw
u12}1⁄2
ρ𝑢k & ρ𝑢& &
𝑃k + = 𝑃& +
2 2
&
100 𝑥 (6.366)
500 𝑥 10w +
2
100 𝑥 (25.46)&
= 𝑃& + References:
2
P2 = 196 KPa
2. http://home.zcu.cz/~kovarikp/MT/freestudy/
{|| (<&)
(800) (103) + & + 0 = P2 +
{||(k|&)
+ FLUID_MECHANICS_D203/reseni_tutoria
& l/FLUID_MECHANICS_D203_reseni.pdf
(800) (9.81) (50)
P2 = 374 KPa 2500 Solved Problems in Fluid Mechanics
& Hydraulics. Pages 199-200. 9.14 & 9.17
3. Q = m/ρ = 4/900 = 0.00444 m3/s
u1 = Q/A1 = 0.004/(π x 0.052) = 0.566 m/s Hydraulic Losses in Pipes by Henryk
u2 = Q/A2 = 0.004/(π x 0.032) = 1.57 m/s Kudela p. 5
h1 +z1 +u12/2g=h2 +z2 +u22/2g h2 =0 z1 =0
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26
h1 +0+0.5662/2g=0+120+1.572/2g 5535267_Hydraulic_losses_in_pipes
h1 =120.1 m p = ρgh = 900 x 9.81 x 120.1
= 1060 kPa Participants:
4. h1 +z1 +u12/2g=h2 +z2 +u22/2g
2=(u22 -u12 )/2g Dudos, Keycielyn
u1 A1=Q=u2 A2 Juan, Jonathan David
39.24=u22 –(0.444u2)2 =0.802u22
Pestaño, Stephanie
Q = u2 A2 = 6.99 x π x 0.042
Quinto, Aira Kristine
3 3
Q = 0.035 m /s or 35 dm /s
Salvador, Edgardo
Sanchez, Christian John