APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis proposal titled THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PONKAN (Citrus

Reticulate) Peel AS AIR FRESHENER prepared and submitted by Jerilou D. De
Vera, is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval of PRE – ORAL
EXAMINATION

MARIA MONICA HADAP

Research Teacher

Accepted and Approved in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

subject Research 1 of the Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program –
Special Science Class.

Date:

JERRY V. CARREON
School Principal IV
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PONKAN PEEL (Citrus Reticulate) AS

AIR FRESHENER

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the

Science, Technology and Engineering(STE)Program

Ilocos Norte National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the

Subject Research I

By:

Jerilou D. De Vera

9-SSC Thomson

March 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Sheet

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis of the Study

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Legal Bases

Related Literature

Air Freshener
 Related Studies

III. Methodology

Research Design

Sampling Design

Population Sampling

Materials

Procedure

Data Gathering Instrument

Statistical Treatment of Data

List of Figures

1. Figure. 1 Research Paradigm

2. Figure 2. Flowchart of the Procedure

List of Tables

1. Table 2. 5 POINT HEDONIC SCALE

 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Background of the study

Ponkan(Citrus reticulate) mandarin formulated in India and because of it’s

excellence spread widely throughout the place at an early date. Ponkan is a hybrid of

Pomelo(Citrus maxima) and the Tangerine(citrus reticula L. var).This outlook finds

support in the fact that for centuries it has been cultured in the form of seedling

groves in widely separated parts of India-particularly in the Coorg district in the

south and Assam neighboring Nepal and Sikkim in the northeastern portion of the

country. There is a reason for believing that this fruit reached Europe as early as

1805. The first known introduction into the United States, nevertheless, is referred to

1892 or 1893 when an American medical missionary in China send fruits to J. C.

Barrington of McMeekin, Florida, from which seedlings were grown. One of these

was later recognized as “Ponkan”.

Hence for the organic Ponkan peel air freshener compared to the

commercially sold in the market, the organic air freshener are eco-friendly, safe and

free compared to the commercial air fresheners that it’s hazardous to humans and

toxic to the air causing it to be unsafe and it’s expensive. Ponkan also give lots and

lots of nutrients such as Potassium, Carbohydrate, Dietary fats, Fibers, and also

Protien.
 In addition the Ponkan peel it can also help to prevent cancer, Improve our

lung health, Strengthen our Hearts, Help boost eye health, Fight Inflammation,

Protect teeth, and also makes our skin glow. Also Ponkans are rich in various

bioactive plant compounds, which are been considered to be responsible for many

beneficial health effects.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study focuses on the effectiveness of ponkan peel as air

freshener.

1. Is it effective to use ponkan peeling in making air freshener?

2. Is there a significant effect of ponkan peel in terms of Aroma compared to the

commercially product?

Hypothesis

Ho1: It is not effective to use Ponkan (Citrus reticulate) peels as air freshener.

Ha1: It is effective to use Ponkan (Citrus reticulate) peels as air freshener.

Ho2: There is no significant (Citrus reticulate) effect of Ponkan peel in terms of

aroma compared to the commercially product.

Ha2: There is a significant effect of Ponkan (Citrus reticulate) peel in terms of

aroma compared to the commercially product.

Significance of the Study

The study will determine the effectiveness of ponkan peel as air freshener.

This study benefit the following:

Researcher. This study will serve as a basis for the benchmark information

for local researchers in the province of Ilocos Norte in the utilization of locally found

ponkans with economical importance since there are limited studies about ponkan

culture in the locality.

Farmers of Ponkan. The result of this research will encourage ponkan

farmers how to improve the post-harvested ponkan crops in their area and try to

expand their products to answer the demand for ponkan.

Consumer. The product that the consumer is using is organic and no added

chemicals which makes the product non hazardous and healthy for the lungs to

inhale and to avoid the addition of harmful gas in the atmosphere.

Scope and Delimitation Of the Study

This study will be using ponkan locally found in markets of Ilocos Norte. The

ponkan will be acquired in Laoag City public market and the study will be conducted

at the house of the researcher . The study will be conducted on December 19th 2019 .

The researcher will gather and ask 10 students and compare the aroma of the organic

ponkan peel air freshener and an commercially sold one.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined according on how they were used on the

study.

Air freshener. Are products usually used to emit fragrance and are commonly used

in houses, restrooms and etc.

Aroma. a distinctive, typically pleasant smell.

Effectiveness. This pertains to the ability of ponkan peel as air freshener.

Hazardous. Very risky and dangerously substantial or potential damage or threaten

to the public health.

Organic. Didn’t use a single kind of chemicals that can harm the environment and to

preserve the safeness of the environment.

Toxic. It is very poisonous and dangerous.

 Independent Variable Dependent Variable

 Ponkan Peel Extract as air  Effectiveness of Ponkan peel in

freshener terms of aroma.

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Related Legal Bases

Republic Act No. 8749

Also known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999." States that in it that

it shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful

ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The study promotes the

safeness of the atmospheric gas implemented in the atmosphere. (1999).

Republic Act No. 3571,

Also known as the “ACT TO PROHIBIT THE CUTTING,

DESTROYING OR INJURING OF PLANTED.” Prohibits and punishes the

cutting, destroying or injuring of planted or growing trees, flowering plants and

shrubs or plants of scenic values along public roads, in plazas, parks, school

premises or in any other public ground. (1963)

This law states that the cutting of trees is strictly prohibited and punishable

by law.
Related Literature

Ponkan(Citrus Reticulata) Peel

Ponkans

Ponkans are very prone to puffing. The rind becomes thick and separates

from the pulp(segments) creating an air gap between peel and segments. Puffiness

develops because of high humidity as the storage period is extended. Puffing is rare

in sweet oranges, and lemons. Prestorage curing of the fruit can reduce the incidence

of puffiness (Murata, 1981). Kinnow mandarin hybrid fruits do not get puffy, while

most C. reticulata fruits, including Nagpur mandarins become puffy.

Air fresheners

Air fresheners are pervasive within indoor built environments, such as

workplaces, schools, housing, transportation, hotels, hospitals, care facilities, and a

range of private and public buildings. Air fresheners are designed to impart an aroma

to the air environment or to mask odors, with the intent of creating a pleasing indoor

space. However, despite the intent, air fresheners can emit and generate a range of

potentially hazardous air pollutants that can impair air quality. Even so-called green

and organic air fresheners can emit hazardous air pollutants. Air freshener

ingredients are largely unknown and undisclosed, owing to regulatory protections on

consumer product ingredients and on fragrance formulations. In studies, fewer than

ten percent of all volatile ingredients are typically disclosed on air freshener labels

or material safety data sheets. From an indoor air quality perspective, air fresheners
have been indicated as a primary source of volatile organic compounds within

buildings. From a health perspective, air fresheners have been associated with

adverse effects, such as migraine headaches, asthma attacks, mucosal symptoms,

infant illness, and breathing difficulties. This article investigates the

seeming paradox that products designed to improve the indoor environment can pose

unintended and unknown risks. It examines the science, health, and policy

perspectives, and provides recommendations and research directions.

Related Studies

According to Pavan F, Mazzacato A, Jacques R (2008) Ponkan peel: A potential

biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution

The ability of ponkan peel, a natural biosorbent, to remove Pb(II) ions from

aqueous solution by adsorption was studied. The experiments were carried out by

batch method at 25 °C. Important parameters such as pH, initial Pb(II) concentration

and contact time on the biosorption were investigated. The optimal pH value for

adsorption capacity was 5.0. The biosorption was relatively quick, about 60 min.

Based on the Langmuir-type isotherms the maximum uptake capacity of lead ions on

ponkan peel was 112.1 mg g-1. The result shows that ponkan peel is a good

biosorbent for removing lead ions from aqueous solution and does not need any

chemical or physical pre-treatment. The ponkan peel biosorbent is a low cost

material that shows potential to be applied in wastewater technology for remediation

of toxic metal.
 Chapter III

Methodology

This Chapter presents the research design, materials, ingredients, procedure,

statistical treatment of data and the equipment that the researcher will be using in

conducting the study.

Research Design

This study used the experimental design specifically Single-Group Design.

The researcher used this design because there are comparable group that were

employed and were used in the study to evaluate the effectiveness of ponkan

peel(Citrust Reticulate) as an organic air freshener.

Sampling Design

The sampling design used by the researcher in conducting the study of the

effectiveness of ponkan peel as air freshener is purposive sampling. From the said

population, the researcher only selected 15 Grade 9 Special Science Class students to

test the product.

Population Sampling

By using purposive sampling, 35 individuals were selected among the

residence of Brgy. #5 Laoag City, Bacarra, Ilocos Norte to evaluate the product.
Materials

The materials that will be used by the speaker are the following: knife,

gloves, extractor, clean and clear spray jar and strainer.

Procedure

A. Collecting and gathering the Ponkan

The ponkan will be purchased at Laoag City’s public market, where it is

found

B. Preparation of the Ponkan Peel Extract

The researcher plans to remove/separate the ponkan peel from the actual fruit

itself. Then collects all of the peels then transfer them to the extractor which will

extract the peel. Lastly the researcher will transfer the extract to a clean and clear

container which will be tightly sealed.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researcher gathered data through the use of a checklist. Each respondent

was given a checklist wherein they evaluated air freshener in acceptability of its

factors like appearance, aroma, and texture.

 The ponkan peel air freshener was rated using the five (5) – point

Hedonic scale which is shown below:

Point Score Descriptive Rating

5 Like extremely

4 Like moderately

3 Neither like or dislike

2 Dislike moderately

1 Dislike extremely

Statistical Treatment

Weighted mean was used to determine the acceptability of ponkan peel as an

organic air freshener. Wilcoxon Rank Sum was used to determine the significant

difference between the ponkan peel air freshener and the commercial hand sanitizer.

The following mean ranges and their descriptive interpretations were used:

Mean Range Descriptive Rating

4.21 – 5.00 Excellent

3.41– 4.20 Very Satisfactory

2.61 – 3.40 Satisfactory

1.81 – 2.60 Fair

1.00 – 1.80 Poor

 Gather the materials to be

used in the study.

Extracting the ponkan peel

from the extractor.

Gathering data on the

effectiveness of ponkan peel

as air freshener.

Figure 2. Flowchart of the Procedure

 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

LETTER TO RESPONDENTS

Dear Respondent:

I am a student of Ilocos Norte National High School-Special Science Class And I am

presently conducting a research entitled, “The effectiveness of Ponkan(Citrus

Reticulate) as air freshener ”as a partial requirement for the subject Research II.

In connection with this, may I request you to please accomplish the attached

checklist. Please answer all items honestly .Rest assured that all your reponses

gathered will be treated with most confidently. Your support will be a great help in

conducting the research successfully.

Thank you for your cooperation

Yours truly,
 Jerilou D. De Vera

DATE OF ACTIVITIES

NOTE: This are the data of the works that were done and the task that will be done
in conducting the research

DATE ACTIVITY REMARKS

June 30, 2019 The researcher passed his
research proposal title to
Mrs. Noralyn Tangonan.
June 31, 2019 Mrs. Noralyn Tangonan
approved his research
proposal title.
February 21, 2019 The researcher will pass
his chapters 1 to 3 to Ms.
Maria Monica Hadap.
June 15, 2020 The researcher will buy
the needed ingredients and
he will gather the needed
materials for the
experiment.
June 16, 2020 The researcher will check
if the materials and
ingredients are all
complete.

June 17, 2020 The researcher will

perform a trial experiment.
June 18, 2020 The researcher will
continue his paper work.
August 15, 2020 The researcher will then
again buy and prepare all
materials and ingredients
for the final experiments.
August 20, 2020 The researcher will now
prepare the final product.

September 24-26, 2020 The researcher will do the

purposive sampling to
choose his respondents.
October 21-25, 2020 The respondents will now
answer the checklist and
the researcher will gather
the data of the study.
November 28, 2020 The researcher will now
finalize his paper work.
January 07, 2021 The researcher is now
ready to defend his study.
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Jerilou D. De Vera

Sex: Male

Address: Barangay 17-73 D. Samonte Street, Laoag City

Birthday and Place: December 19,2004 Place: Batac City Ilocos Norte

Citizenship: Filipino

Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic

Father: Joselito C. De Vera

Occupation: Civil Engineer

Mother: Lovelia Divine D. De Vera

Occupation: Master Teacher 1

Email Address: Jeriloudevera1219@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Junior High School INNHS-SSC

Grade 9(ON-GOING)

2017- ongoing

Brgy 4 Gov.Ablan Avenue LaoagCity,Ilocos Norte

Elementary: Divine Word College of Laoag

Grade 1- Grade 6

Brgy. 13 General Segundo Laoag City

2010-2017
 References

Online Sources

Retrieved from https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1999/ra_8749_

1999.html

Retrieved from https://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2014/03/Turnin

gpoint-the-legal-implications-of-tree-cutting-at-msu-naawan/

Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-bio

logical-sciences/citrus-reticulata

Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013

2316304334

Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ponkan-peel-potential-

biosorbent-removal-pbii-ions-aqueous-solution/