Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instruments
9001:2008
CERTIFIED INSTITUTE
By: Amol Khichade
Instruments
• Steel Rule
• Inside & Outside caliper
• Vernier Caliper
• Micrometer
• Height Gauge
• Gauge blocks
• Bevel Protractor
• Try Square
• Combination Square
• Dial Gauge
STEEL RULE
Care
• Handle carefully.
• The zero end of the rule must be sharp
• Kept in perfect condition to maintain
accuracy.
MEASURING WITH A STEEL RULE
• Generally measure to
an accuracy of 1 mm.
• Some measure to an
accuracy of 0.5mm.
To measure length:
• Place the end of the ruler flush with start of
material.
• Look at exact place on rule where material ends.
• Read length on ruler scale.
INSIDE & OUTSIDE CALIPER
• Generally a spring caliper.
• Has no scale - cannot be used by itself.
• Commonly used for measure inside & outside diameter.
“Outside”
“Inside”
VERNIER CALIPER
1
Least Count = -------
50
MAIN SCALE
VERNIER SCALE
EXERCISE 1
• Latest advancement.
• Measurement converted to digital readout.
• Similar to conventional calipers.
• Scale can be calibrated in both inches and centimeters.
• More rugged.
• More accurate.
• Better repeatability.
• Easier to handle & read.
MICROMETERS
MATERIAL OF MICROMETER
Pitch
Least Count = -----------------------------------------------------
Number of division on circular scale
0.5
Least Count = -------
50
Gauge blocks are usually made either from alloy tool steels or
from cemented carbides.
These are also available in carbon steel material.
Steel blocks are hardened and tempered.
The hardness is important because it slows down the gauge's rate
of wear during use.
Blocks are kept very lightly oiled, and are stored and used in dry
climate-controlled conditions.
Steel gauge blocks can last for decades without rusting.
Wringing Gauge Blocks Together
Gauge Blocks Set
10 to 90 10 9
1.0005 --- 1
Total 87
Important notes on building of Slip Gauges:
• Used to measure:
- the bend or run-out in a shaft
- the clearance between two
parts
eg. between an engine valve
and its guide.
Example
Step 1 Step 1 Step 3
Read the whole millimeters. The short
needle is between the 4 and the 5, so
the reading is 4.00 mm.
Step 2
Read the tenths. The long needle is
between the 0.20 and the 0.30 mm, so
the reading is 0.20 mm.
Step 3
Step 2
The long needle is 6 small divisions
past the 2, so the reading is 0.06
mm.
READING THE DIAL INDICATOR
Step 4
To get the final 4.00 mm 0.20 mm
measurement - add up
the measurements from
Steps 1, 2, & 3.
Step 1 4.00 mm
Step 2 + 0.20 mm
Step 3 + 0.06 mm 0.06 mm
Total = 4.26 mm
CARE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1. Measuring a work piece (on a lathe) should be carried out only after the work piece
has stopped moving; otherwise, there could be wear on the measuring faces and the
accuracy of the tool may be compromised.
2. Wipe the measuring faces of a precision measuring tool and the to-be-measured
surface of the work piece to prevent the measuring accuracy from being negatively
affected by dirt or dust.
3. Never put precision measuring tools together with hand tools, such as cutting tools,
files, hammers and drills for the fear of damaging the precision measuring tools.
4. Never leave them on a lathe or other running machinery for fear of vibration causing
them to fall to the floor.
5. Precision measuring tools should not be used as substitutes for other tools. Don’t use
a caliper as a pry bar or screwdriver! Don’t use a micrometer for a hammer or C
clamp! You might be tempted but don’t do it!
6. Precision measuring tools should not be put under direct sunshine or any other heat
source because accurate measurements will not be achieved as the temperature
increases.
7. Precision measuring tools should never be put near any magnetic material such as a
magnetic worktable, to avoid being magnetized.
8. Tools should be cleaned after use.