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Exercise: 30.1
Question 1.
Solution:
We have:
f 2 h f 2
f ' 2 lim
h 0 h
3 2 h 3 2
lim
h0 h
6 3h 6
lim
h0 h
3h
lim
h0 h
3
Question 2.
Solution:
We have:
f 10 h f 10
f ' x lim
h 0 h
(10 h) 2 102 2
2
lim
h 0 h
2
100 h 20h 2 100 2
lim
h 0 h
2
h 20h
lim
h 0 h
h h 20
lim
h 0 h
lim h 20
h 0
0 20
20
Question 3.
Solution :
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Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper
f 100 h f 100
f ' 100 lim
h 0 h
99 100 h 99 100
lim
h 0 h
9900 99h 9900
lim
h 0 h
99h
lim
h 0 h
lim 99
h 0
99
Question 4.
Solution :
We have:
f 1 h f 1
f ' x lim
h 0 h
1 h 1
lim
h 0 h
lim1
h 0
1
Quetion 5.
Solution :
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We have:
f 0 h f 0
f ' x lim
h0 h
f h f 0
lim
h 0 h
cos h cos 0
lim
h 0 h
cos h 1
lim
h 0 h
h
2 sin 2
lim 2
h 0 h
h
2 sin 2
lim 2 h
h 0 h2 4
4
h
lim 1
h 0 2
0
Question 6.
Solution :
We have:
f 0 h f 0
f ' x lim
h 0 h
f h f 0
lim
h0 h
tan h tan 0
lim
h 0 h
tan h
lim
h 0 h
1
Question 7.
Solution :
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i We have :
f h f
2 2
f ' lim
2 h 0 h
sin h sin
lim 2 2
h 0 h
cos h 1
lim
h 0 h
h
2 sin 2
lim 2
h0 h
h
2 sin 2
lim 2 h
h0 h2 4
4
h
lim 1
h 0 2
0
ii We have :
f 1 h f 1
f ' x lim
h 0 h
1 h 1
lim
h 0 h
lim1
h 0
1
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iii We have :
f h f
2 2
f ' lim
2
h 0 h
2cos h cos
lim 2 2
h 0 h
2sin h 0
lim
h 0 h
sin h
2 lim
h 0 h
2 1
2
iv We have :
f h f
2 2
f ' lim
2 h 0 h
sin 2 h sin 2
lim 2 2
h 0 h
sin 2h 0
lim
h 0 h
sin 2h 2
lim
h0 h 2
sin 2h
lim 2
h0 2h
2
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Exercise: 30.2
Question 1 :
Answer :
d f x h f x
i f x lim
dx h 0 h
2 2
lim x h x
h 0 h
2 x 2 x 2h
lim
h 0 hx x h
2h
lim
h 0 hx x h
2
lim
h 0 x x h
2
x2
d f x h f x
ii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
1 1
lim x h x
h 0 h
x xh x xh
lim
h 0 h x x h x xh
xxh
lim
h 0
h x xh x xh
h
lim
h 0
h x xh x xh
1
lim
h 0
x xh x xh
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1
x x x x
1
x 2 x
1
3
2x 2
1 3
x2
2
d f x h f x
iii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
1 1
3
3
( x h) x
lim
h0 h
x ( x h )3
3
lim
h 0 h( x h) 3 x 3
x3 x3 3x 2 h 3xh 2 h3
lim
h 0 h( x h)3 x 3
3x 2 h 3xh 2 h3
lim
h 0 h( x h)3 x 3
h 3x 2 3xh h 2
lim
h 0 h ( x h) 3 x 3
lim
3x 2
3xh h2
h 0 ( x h )3 x 3
3 x 2
6
x
3
4
x
3x 4
d f x h f x
iv
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2 2
( x h) 1 x 1
lim x h x
h 0 h
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x 2 2 xh h 2 1 x 2 1
lim xh x
h 0 h
x 2 x h h 2 x x x3 x 2 h x h
3 2
lim
h 0 xh x h
x2h h2 x h
lim
h 0 x x h
h x 2 hx 1
lim
h 0 xh x h
x 2 hx 1
lim
h 0 x x h
x2 1
x2
d f x h f x
v
dx
f x lim
h0 h
( x h) 1 x 2 1
2
lim x h x
h0 h
x 2 2 xh h 2 1 x 2 1
lim x h x
h0 h
x 2 x h h x x x3 x2 h x h
3 2 2
lim
h0 xh x h
x2h h2 x h
lim
h 0 x x h
h x 2 hx 1
lim
h 0 xh x h
2
x hx 1
lim
h 0 x x h
x2 1
x2
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d f x h f x
vi
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
x h 1 x 1
lim x h 2 x 2
h 0 h
lim
x h 1 x 2 x h 2 x 1
h 0 h x h 2 x 2
x 2 2 x hx 2h x 2 x 2 x hx h 2 x 2
lim
h 0 h x h 2 x 2
h
lim
h 0 h x h 2 x 2
1
lim
h 0 x h 2 x 2
1
x 0 2 x 2
1
2
x 2
d f x h f x
vii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
xh2 x2
3 x h 5 3x 5
lim
h 0 h
xh2 x2
lim 3 x 3h 5 3 x 5
h 0 h
lim
x h 2 3 x 5 3x 3h 5 x 2
h 0 h 3 x 3h 5 3x 5
3x 2 3xh 6 x 5 x 5h 10 3 x 2 3 xh 5 x 6 x 6h 10
lim
h0 h 3x 3h 5 3x 5
h
lim
h 0 h 3 x 3h 5 3 x 5
1
lim
h 0 3x 3h 5 3x 5
1
2
3x 5
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d f x h f x
viii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
n
k x h kx n
lim
h 0 h
n
k x h x n
lim
x h x 0 x h x
Here, we have:
xm am
lim =m a m 1
xa xa
k n x n 1
d f x h f x
ix f x lim
dx h 0 h
1 1
lim 3 x h 3 x
h 0 h
lim
3 x 3 x h
h 0 h 3 x 3 x h
lim
3 x 3 x h 3 x 3 x h
h 0 h 3 x 3 x h 3 x 3 x h
lim
3 x 3 x h
h 0
h 3 x 3 x h 3 x 3 x h
h
lim
h 0
h 3 x 3 x h 3 x 3 x h
1
lim
h 0
3 x 3 x h 3 x 3 x h
1
3 x 3 x 0 3 x 3 x 0
1
3 x 2 3 x
1
3
2 3 x 2
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d f x h f x
x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2
x h x h 3 x 2 x 3
lim
h0 h
x h 2 xh x h 3 x 2 x 3
2 2
lim
h0 h
2
h 2 xh h
lim
h 0 h
h h 2 x 1
lim
h 0 h
lim h 2 x 1
h 0
0 2x 1
2x 1
d f x h f x
xi
dx
f x lim
h0 h
3 3
lim
x h 2 x 2
h0 h
2 2
x h 2 x 2 x h 2 x h 2 x 2 x 2
lim
h0 h
2 2
h x h 2 x h 2 x 2 x 2
lim
h0 h
2 2
lim x h 2 x h 2 x 2 x 2
h 0
2 2
x 0 2 x 0 2 x 2 x 2
2 2 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
2
3 x 2
d f x h f x
xii
dx
f x lim
h0 h
3 2
x h 4 x h 3 x h 2 x3 4 x 2 3x 2
lim
h 0 h
x 3x h 3 xh h 4 x 4h 8 xh 3x 3h 2 x 3 4 x 2 3x 2
3 2 2 3 2 2
lim
h0 h
3x h 3xh h 4h 2 8 xh 3h 2
2 2 3
lim
h 0 h
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h 3 x 2 3 xh h 2 4h 8 x 3
lim
h0 h
lim 3 x 2 3 xh h 2 4h 8 x 3
h 0
2
3x 8 x 3
xiii x 2
1 x 5 x 3 5 x 2 x 5
d f x h f x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
3 2
x h 5 x h x h 5 x3 5x2 x 5
lim
h0 h
x 3x h 3xh h 5 x 5h 10 xh x h 5 x 3 5 x 2 x 5
3 2 2 3 2 2
lim
h 0 h
3x h 3xh h 5h 2 10 xh h
2 2 3
lim
h 0 h
h 3 x 3 xh h 5h 10 x 1
2 2
lim
h 0 h
lim 3 x 2 3 xh h 2 5h 10 x 1
h 0
3 x 2 10 x 1
d f x h f x
xiv
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2
2 x h 1 2 x2 1
lim
h 0 h
2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
lim
h 0 h
2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1 2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
lim
h 0 h 2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
lim
h 0
h 2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
h 2h 4 x
lim
h0
h 2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
lim
2h 4 x
h 0
2 x 2 2h 2 4 xh 1 2 x 2 1
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4x
2 x2 1 2 x2 1
4x
2 2 x2 1
2x
2x2 1
d f x h f x
xv f x lim
dx h 0 h
2 x h 3 2x 3
lim x h 2 x2
h0 h
lim
2 x 2h 3 x 2 x h 2 2 x 3
h 0 h x h 2 x 2
2 x 2 2 xh 3x 4 x 4h 6 2 x 2 2 xh 4 x 3x 3h 6
lim
h0 h x h 2 x 2
7 h
lim
h 0 h x h 2 x 2
7
lim
h0 x h 2 x 2
7
x 2 x 2
7
2
x 2
Question 2.
Answer :
d f x h f x
i f x lim
dx h 0 h
x h
d x e e x
dx
e lim
h 0 h
e e e x
x h
lim
h 0 h
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e x e h 1
lim
h 0 h
e h 1
e x lim
h 0 h
x
e 1
e x
d f x h f x
ii f x lim
dx h 0 h
d 3x e3 x h e3 x
dx
e lim
h 0 h
3 x 3h 3x
e e e
lim
h 0 h
e e3 h 1
3x
lim
h0 3h
e3h 1
3e3 x lim
h 0 3h
3x
3e 1
3e3 x
d f x h f x
iii f x lim
dx h 0 h
a x h b ax b
d ax b e e
dx
e lim
h0 h
e e e ax b
ax b ah
lim
h0 h
e e 1
ax b ah
lim
h 0 h
eah 1
a e ax b lim
h 0 ah
ax b
a e 1
a e ax b
d f x h f x
iv f x lim
dx h0 h
d x h e x e x
xh
dx
x e x lim
h 0 h
x h e xeh x e x
lim
h 0 h
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x e x e h he x e h x e x
lim
h0 h
x e x eh x e x h e x eh
lim lim
h0 h h0 h
x e e 1
x h
lim lim e x eh
h0 h h0
xe x 1 e x e0
xe x e x
d f x h f x
v
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2 xh
d 2 x ( x h) e x 2e x
dx
h 0
x e lim
h
lim
x2 2 xh h2 e xeh x2ex
h0 h
2 x h x h 2 x h
x e e 2 xhe e h e e x 2e x
lim
h0 h
x e e x 2e x
2 x h
2 x h e x eh h2 e x eh
lim lim lim
h 0 h h0 h h0 h
x e e 1
2 x h
dx
e
lim
h 0 h
2
h 2 2 xh 1 2
ex ex 1
lim
h 0 h
x 2 1 h 2 2 xh x 2 1
e e e
lim
h 0 h
lim
ex
2
1
e
h h 2 x
1 h 2x
h 0 h h 2x
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e 1
h h2 x
2
ex 1
lim lim h 2 x
h 0 h h 2 x h 0
2
ex 1
1 2 x
2
2x ex 1
d f x h f x
vii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2 x h 2x
d e e
dx
e 2x
lim
h0 h
e 2 x2h e 2 x
2 lim
h 0 2 x 2h 2 x
2 lim
e 2x
e 2 x2h 2 x 1
2 2
h 0
2 x 2h 2 x
2 x2h 2 x
2x e 1
2e lim
h 0
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 x2h 2 x
2x e 1 1
2e lim lim
h 0
2 x 2h 2 x h0
2 x 2h 2 x
2x 1
2e 1
2 2x
2x
e
2x
d f x h f x
viii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
ax ah b ax b
d
dx
e ax b
lim e
h 0 h
e
e ax ahb e ax b
a lim
h 0 ax ah b ax b
a lim
e ax b
e ax ah b ax b
1
2 2
h 0
ax ah b ax b
ax ah b ax b
ax b e 1
ae lim
h 0
ax ah b ax b ax ah b ax b
ax ah b ax b
ax b e 1 1
a e lim lim
h 0
ax ah b ax b h0
ax ah b ax b
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ax b 1
a e 1
2 ax b
ax b
ae
2 ax b
d f x h f x
ix f x lim
dx h 0 h
xh x
d a a
dx
a x
lim
h 0 h
lim
a x
a xh x
1
h 0 x h x
a x
lim
a xh x
1
2 2
h 0
xh x
a x
lim
a xh x
1
h 0
xh x xh x
a x
lim
a 1 xh x
lim
1
h 0
x h x h 0
xh x
x 1
a log e a
2 x
1 x
a log e a
2 x
d f x h f x
x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
2 2
d x2 3 x h 3x
dx
3 lim
h 0 h
2
2 xh h 2 2
3x 3x
lim
h 0 h
lim
3 x2
3 x 2 2 xh h 2 x 2
1 h 2x
h 0 h h 2x
3 1
h h2 x
2
3x lim lim h 2 x
h 0 h h 2 x h 0
2
3x log 3 2 x
2
2 x 3x log 3
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Question 3.
Answer :
d f x h f x
i f x lim
dx h 0 h
lim
x h sin x h x sin x
h 0 h
lim
x h sin x cos h cos x sin h x sin x
h 0 h
x sin x cos h x cos x sin h h sin x cos h h cos x sin h
lim
h 0 h
x sin x cos h x sin x x cos x sin h h sin x cos h h cos x sin h x sin x
lim
h0 h
x sin x lim
cos h 1 x cos x lim sin h sin x lim cos h cos x lim sin h
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h0
h
2 sin 2
x sin x lim 2 h x cos x 1 sin x 1 cos x 0
2
h 0 h 4
4
h
x sin x x cos x 1 sin x 1 cos x 0
2
1
2 x sin x 0 x cos x sin x
2
x cos x sin x
d f x h f x
ii f x lim
dx h 0 h
lim
x h cos x h x cos x
h 0 h
lim
x h cos x cos h sin x sin h x cos x
h 0 h
x cos x cos h x sin x sin h h cos x cos h h sin x sin h x cos x
lim
h 0 h
x cos x cos h x cos x x sin x sin h h cos x cos h h sin x sin h
lim
h0 h
x cos x lim
cos h 1 x sin x lim sin h cos x lim cos h sin x lim sin h
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h 0
h
2 sin 2
x cos x lim 2 h x sin x 1 cos x 1 sin x 0
2
h 0 h 4
4
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h
x cos x lim x sin x 1 cos x 1 sin x 0
h0 2
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2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 cos sin
2 2
lim
h 0
h sin 2 x 2h sin 2 x
2 cos 2 x h sin h
lim
h0
h sin 2 x 2h sin 2 x
sin h 1
lim 2 cos 2 x h lim lim
h 0 h 0 h h 0 sin 2 x 2h sin 2 x
1
2 cos 2 x 1
sin 2 x sin 2 x
2 cos 2 x
2 sin 2 x
cos 2 x
sin 2 x
d f x h f x
v f x lim
dx h 0 h
sin x h sin x
lim x h x
h 0 h
x sin x h x h sin x
lim
h 0 h x x h
x sin x cos h cos x sin h x sin x h sin x
lim
h 0 h x x h
x sin x cos h x cos x sin h x sin x h sin x
lim
h0 h x x h
x sin x cos h x sin x x cos x sin h h sin x
lim
h 0 h x x h
cos h 1 x cos x sin h 1 sin x 1
x sin x lim lim lim lim
h 0 h x h 0 h h 0 x h x h0 x h
h
2 sin 2
x sin x lim 2 x cos x lim sin h lim 1 sin x lim 1
h 0 h x h0 h h 0 x h x h0 x h
h
2 sin 2
x sin x lim 2 h x cos x lim sin h lim 1 sin x lim 1
2
h 0 h 4 x h0 h h 0 x h x h 0 x h
4
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h x cos x sin h 1 sin x 1
x sin x lim lim lim lim
h 0 2 x h 0 h h 0 x h x h 0 x h
1 cos x sin x
x sin x 0 2
2 x x
cos x sin x
2
x x
x cos x sin x
x2
d f x h f x
vi f x lim
dx h 0 h
cos x h cos x
lim xh x
h 0 h
x cos x h x h cos x
lim
h 0 h x x h
x cos x cos h sin x sin h x cos x h cos x
lim
h 0 h x x h
x cos x cos h x sin x sin h x cos x h cos x
lim
h0 h x x h
x cos x cos h x cos x x sin x sin h h cos x
lim
h0 h x x h
cos h 1 x sin x sin h 1 cos x 1
x cos x lim lim lim lim
h 0 h x h 0 h h 0 x h x h 0 x h
h
2 sin 2
x cos x lim 2 h x sin x lim sin h lim 1 cos x lim 1
2
h 0 h 4 x h 0 h h 0 x h x h0 x h
4
h h h
sin 2 sin sin
lim 2 lim 2 lim 2 1 1, i.e.1
2
h 0 h h 0 h h0 h
4 2 2
h x sin x sin h 1 cos x 1
x cos x lim lim lim lim
h 0 2 x h 0 h h 0 xh x h 0 xh
1 cos x 1
x cos x 0 sin x 1
x x x
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sin x cos x
0 2
x x
sin x cos x
2
x x
x sin x cos x
x2
d f x h f x
vii f x lim
dx h 0 h
2
x h sin x h x 2 sin x
lim
h 0 h
lim
x h 2 xh sin x cos h cos x sin h x 2 sin x
2 2
h0 h
x sin x cos h x cos x sin h h 2 sin x cos h h 2 cos x sin h
2 2
h
2 sin 2
x 2 sin x lim 2 h x 2 cos x lim sin h
2
h0 h 4 h 0 h
4
sin x lim h cos h cos x lim h sin h 2 x sin x lim cos h 2 x cos x lim sin h
h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0
h h h
sin 2 sin sin
lim 2 lim 2 lim 2 11, i.e.1
2
h0 h h 0 h h 0 h
4 2 2
h sin h
x 2 sin x lim x 2 cos x lim sin x lim h cos h
h 0 2 h0 h h 0
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d f x h f x
viii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
sin 3 x h 1 sin 3x 1
lim
h 0 h
sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1 sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1
lim
h 0 h sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1
sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1
lim
h0
h sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1
We have:
CD C D
sin C-sin D= 2 cos sin
2 2
3 x 3h 1 3x 1 3x 3h 1 3x 1
2 cos sin
2 2
lim
h 0
h sin 3x 3h 1 sin 3x 1
6 x 3h 2 3h
2 cos sin
2 2
lim
h 0
h sin 3 x 3h 1 sin 3 x 1
3h
sin
6 x 3h 2 2 3 lim 1
lim 2 cos lim
h 0
2 h 0 h 3 2 h 0
2
sin 3x 3h 1 sin 3x 1
3 1
2 cos 3x 1
2 sin 3x 1 sin 3 x 1
3 cos 3 x 1
2 sin 3x 1
d f x h f x
ix
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
sin x h cos x h sin x cos x
lim
h 0 h
sin x h sin x cos x h cos x
lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h
We have:
CD CD
sin C-sin D= 2 cos sin
2 2
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CD CD
And, cos C cos D 2 sin sin
2 2
2x h h 2x h h
2 cos sin 2 sin sin
lim 2 2
lim 2 2
h 0 h h 0 h
h h
sin sin
2x h 2 1 2 lim sin 2 x h lim 21
2 lim cos lim
h 0
2 h 0 h 2 h 0
2 h 0 h 2
2 2
1 1
2 cos x 2 sin x
2 2
cos x sin x
Q4.
Answer :
d f x h f x
i f x lim
dx h 0 h
tan x h tan 2 x
2
lim
h 0 h
tan x h tan x tan x h tan x
lim
h 0 h
sin x h sin x sin x h sin x
cos x h cos x cos x h cos x
lim
h0 h
sin x h cos x cos x h sin x sin x h cos x cos x h sin x
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x cos 2 x h
sin 2 x h sin h
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x cos 2 x h
1 sin h 1
2
lim sin 2 x h lim lim 2
cos x h0 h 0 h h0 cos x h
1 1
2
sin 2 x 1
cos x cos 2 x
1 1
2
2 sin x cos x
cos x cos 2 x
sin x 1
2
cos x cos 2 x
2 tan x sec 2 x
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d f x h f x
ii
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
tan 2 x 2h 1 tan 2 x 1
lim
h 0 h
sin 2 x 2h 1 sin 2 x 1
cos 2 x 2h 1 cos 2 x 1
lim
h 0 h
sin 2 x 2h 1 cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x 2h 1 sin 2 x 1
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x 2h 1 cos 2 x 1
sin 2 x 2h 1 2 x 1
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x 2h 1 cos 2 x 1
1 sin 2h 1
lim 2 lim
cos 2 x 1 h 0 2h h 0 cos 2 x 2h 1
1 1
2
cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x 1
2
2
cos 2 x 1
2 sec 2 2 x 1
d f x h f x
iii
dx
f x lim
h0 h
tan 2 x 2h tan 2 x
lim
h0 h
sin 2 x 2h sin 2 x
cos 2 x 2h cos 2 x
lim
h0 h
sin 2 x 2h cos 2 x cos 2 x 2h sin 2 x
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x 2h cos 2 x
sin 2 x 2h 2 x
lim
h 0 h cos 2 x 2h cos 2 x
1 sin 2h 1
lim 2 lim
cos 2 x h 0 2h h 0 cos 2 x 2 h
1 1
2
cos 2 x cos 2 x
2
2
cos 2 x
2 sec 2 2 x
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d f x h f x
iv
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
tan x h tan x tan x h tan x
lim
h 0 h tan x h tan x
tan x h tan x
lim
h0
h tan x h tan x
sin x h sin x
cos x h cos x
lim
h 0
h tan x h tan x
sin x h cos x cos x h sin x
lim
h 0
h
tan x h tan x cos x h cos x
sin h
lim
h 0
h
tan x h tan x cos x h cos x
sin h 1
lim lim
h0 h h 0
tan x h tan x cos x h cos x
1
1
2 tan x cos 2 x
sec 2 x
2 tan x
Question 5.
Answer :
i Let f x sin 2 x
Thus, we have :
f x h sin 2 x h
d f x h f x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
sin 2 x 2h sin 2 x
lim
h0 h
We know:
CD CD
sin C- sin D=2 sin cos
2 2
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lim
2 sin
2 x 2h 2 x cos 2 x 2h 2 x
h0 h
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 2 sin cos
2 2
lim
h0 2h 2 x 2 x
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 2 sin cos
2 2
lim
h0
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
2 2 sin cos
2 2
lim
h0 2 x 2h 2 x
2
2
2 x 2h 2 x
2 x 2h 2 x 2 x 2h 2 x
sin 2 cos
2 2
lim lim
h0 2 x 2h 2 x h 0 2 x 2h 2 x
2
2 x 2h 2 x
sin
2 cos 2 x 2 1
1 lim
2 2x h 0 2 x 2h 2 x
2
cos 2 x
2x
ii
Let f x cos x
Thus, we have :
f x h cos x h
d f x h f x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
cos x h cos x
lim
h 0 h
We know :
CD CD
cos C cos D 2 sin sin
2 2
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xh x xh x
2sin sin
2 2
lim
h0 h
xh x xh x
2sin sin
2 2
lim
h0 xhx
xh x xh x
2sin sin
2 2
lim
h0
xh x
2 x h x
2
xh x xh x
sin sin
2 2
lim lim
h 0 xh x h 0 xh x
2
xh x
sin
sin x 2
1 lim 1
2 x h 0 xh x
2
sin x
2 x
iii Let f x tan x
Thus, we have :
x h tan xh
d f x h f x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
tan x h tan x
lim
h0 h
sin xh x sin A B
lim tan A tan B
h0 h cos x h cos x cos A cos B
lim
sin xh x
h0
x h x cos x h cos x
lim
sin xh x
h0
xh x
x h x cos x h cos x
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lim
sin xh x .lim 1
lim
sin x h x
1
h0
xh x h 0
x h x cos x h cos x h0
xh x
1
1
2 x cos x cos x
1
sec2 x
2 x
iv Let f x tan x 2
Thus, we have :
f x h tan ( x h) 2
d f x h f x
dx
f x lim
h 0 h
tan ( x h) tan x 2
2
lim
h 0 h
2
sin x h x 2 sin A B
lim 2 2 tan A tan B
h0
h cos x h cos x cos A cos B
sin x 2 h 2 2hx x 2
lim 2
h0
h cos x h cos x 2
sin( h h 2 x)
lim 2
h 2x
h0
h h 2 x cos x h cos x 2
sin( h h 2 x) h 2x sin( h h 2 x)
lim lim As lim 1
h0 (h h 2 x) h 0 cos( x h)2 cos x 2
h 0 ( h h 2 x )
2x
1
cos 2 x 2
2 x sec 2 x 2
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Exercise: 30.3
Question 1.
Answer :
d 4
dx
x 2 sin x 3 cos x
d d d
x 4 2 sin x 3 cos x
dx dx dx
4
4 x 2 cos x 3 sin x
Question 2.
Answer :
d x
dx
3 x 3 33
d d d
3x x 3 33
dx dx dx
x 2
3 log 3 3 x 0
3x log 3 3 x 2
Question 3.
Answer :
d x3 5
2 x 2
dx 3 x
1 d 3 d 12 d
3 dx
x 2 x 5 x 2
dx dx
1 1 1
3
3x 2 2. .x 2 5 2 x 3
2
1
x x 10 x 3
2 2
Question 4.
Answer :
d x log a a log x a log a
dx
e e e
d d d
e x log a ea log x e a log a
dx dx dx
d log a x d d log aa
dx
e
elog x a
dx dx
e
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d x d d
dx
a xa aa
dx dx
x a 1
a log a ax 0
a x log a ax a 1
Question 5.
Answer :
d
dx
2 x2 1 3x 2
d
6 x3 4 x 2 3x 2
dx
d d d d
6 x3 4 x 2 3 x 2
dx dx dx dx
6 3x 4 2 x 3 1 0
2
18 x 2 8 x 3
Question 6.
Answer :
d
log3 x 3 log e x 2 tan x
dx
d log x d d
3 log e x 2 tan x
dx log 3 dx dx
1 1 1
. 3. 2 sec 2 x
log 3 x x
1 3
2 sec 2 x
x log 3 x
Question 7.
Answer:
d 1 1
x x
dx x x
1 1
d 1 2
x x x x 2
dx
d 23 1
2
1
2
3
2
x x x x
dx
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d 23 d 12 d 21 d 23
x x x x
dx dx dx dx
3 12 1 21 1 23 3 25
x x x x
2 2 2 2
Question 8.
Answer:
3
d 1
x
dx x
2 3
d 3 2 1 1 1
dx
x 3
x
x
3
x
x x
d 32 d 12 d 21 d 23
x
3 x
3 x x
dx dx dx dx
3 32 1 1 12 1 1 21 1 3 23 1
x 3. x 3 x x
2 2 2 2
3 12 3 21 3 23 3 25
x x x x
2 2 2 2
Question 9.
Answer:
d 2 x2 3x 4
dx x
d 2 x 2 d 3x d 4
dx x dx x dx x
d d d
2 x 3 1 4 x 1
dx dx dx
2
2 1 3 0 4 1 x
4
2 2
x
Question 10.
Answer:
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d x 1 x 2
3
dx x2
d x4 2 x3 x 2
dx x2
d x4 d x3 d x d 2
2
dx x 2 dx x 2 dx x 2 dx x 2
d 2 d d d
dx
x 2 x x 1 2 x 2
dx dx dx
1
2 x 2 2 2 2 x 3
x
1 4
2x 2 2 3
x x
Question 11.
Answer:
d a cos x b sin x c
dx sin x
d a cos x d b sin x d c
dx sin x dx sin x dx sin x
d d d
a cot x b c cos ec x
dx dx dx
2
a cos ec x 0 c cos ec x cot x
a cos ec 2 x c cos ec x cot x
Question 12.
Answer:
d
2 sec x 3 cot x 4 tan x
dx
d d d
2 sec x 3 cot x 4 tan x
dx dx dx
2 sec x tan x 3 cos ec x 4 sec 2 x
2
Question 13.
Answer:
d d d
dx
a 0 x n
dx
a1 x n 1
dx
a2 x n 2 ... an 1 x an
d d d d d
a0 x n a1 x n 1 a2 x n 2 ... an 1 x an
dx dx dx dx dx
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na0 x n 1 n 1 a1 x n 2 n 2 a2 x n3 .... an1 1 0
na0 x n 1 n 1 a1 x n 2 n 2 a2 x n3 .... an1
Question 14.
Answer:
d 1 4
2 x 3
dx sin x log x 3
d 4
cos ec x 2 x. 23
dx log 3
log x
d d 4 d
cos ec x 23 2 x log x
dx dx log 3 dx
4 1
cos ec x cot x 23.2 x.log 2 .
log 3 x
4
cos ec x cot x 2 x 3.log 2
x log 3
Question 15.
Answer:
d x 5 2 x 1
2
dx x
d 2 x3 10 x 2 x 5
dx x
d 2 x3 d 10 x 2 d x d 5
dx x dx x dx x dx x
d 2 d d d
2
dx
x 10 x 1 5 x 1
dx dx dx
2
2 2 x 10 1 0 5 1 x
5
4 x 10 2
x
Question 16.
Answer:
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d 1
log 5 x a 3a x 3 x 2 6 4 x 3
dx x
d 21 d a d x d 32 d 3
log x 5 x 3 a x 6 x 4
dx dx dx dx dx
d 1 d a d x d 23 d 43
log x 5 x 3 a x 6 x
dx 2 dx dx dx dx
1 1 2 1 3
7
. 5ax a 1 3a x log a x 3 6 x 4
2 x 3 4
1 2 1 9 7
5ax a 1 3a x log a x 3 x 4
2x 3 2
Question 17.
Answer:
d
cos x a
dx
d
cos x cos a sin x sin a
dx
d d
cos a cos x sin a sin x
dx dx
cos a sin x sin a cos x
sin x cos a cos x sin a
sin x a
Question 18.
Answer:
d cos x 2
dx sin x
d cos x cos 2 sin x sin 2
dx sin x
d cos x cos 2 d sin x sin 2
dx sin x dx sin x
d d
cos 2 cot x sin 2 1
dx dx
cos 2 cos ec x sin 2 0
2
cos ec 2 x cos 2
Question 19.
Answer:
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2
dy d x x
sin cos
dx dx 2 2
d x x x x
sin 2 cos 2 2 sin cos
dx 2 2 2 2
d
1 sin x
dx
d d
1 sin x
dx dx
0 cos x
cos x
dy 3
at x = = cos =
dx 6 6 2
Question 20.
Answer:
dy d 2 3 cos x
dx dx sin x
d 2 d 3 cos x
dx sin x dx sin x
d d
2 cos ec x 3 cot x
dx dx
2 cos ec x cot x 3 cos ec 2 x
dy
at x= = 2 cos ec cot 3 cos ec 2
dx 4 4 4 4
2
2 2 1 3 2
2 2 6
62 2
Question 21.
Answer:
Slope of the tangent = f ' x
d
dx
2 x6 x4 1
d d d
2 x 6 x 4 1
dx dx dx
12 x 5 4 x 3
Slope of the tangent at x=1:
5 3
12 1 4 1 12 4 16
Question 22.
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Answer:
x a 1 12 1
y x ax 2
a x a
dy 1 1 21 1
3
x a x 2
dx a2 2
dy
LHS 2 xy
dx
1 1
1 2 2
1 1 21 3
1 2
2x x ax x a x
a a 2 2
1 1 1 a
2x 2
2a 2 x 2 x 2 x
1 a
2x 2
2a 2 x
x a
a x
RHS
Hence, proved .
d d d d d
x 4 2 x3 3 x 2 x 5
dx dx dx dx dx
4 x 2 3x 3 2 x 1 0
3 2
4 x3 6 x 2 6 x 1
Question 24.
Answer:
dy d 2 x 9 5 7
x 6 x3 x
dx dx 3 7
2 d 9 5 d 7 d d
3 dx
x
7 dx
x 6 x3 x
dx dx
2 5
9 x8 7 x 6 6 3x 2 1
3 7
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6 x8 5 x 6 18 x 2 1
dy
at x = 1:
dx
8 6 2
6 1 5 1 18 1 1
6 5 18 1
18
Question 25.
Answer:
d 2 d d
f ' x
dx
x x 12
dx dx
f ' x 2 x 1
Given:
f ' 4 15
2 4 15 From 1
8 15 2
Also, given:
f ' 2 11
2 2 11 From 1
4 11 3
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f ' 1 199 198 ... 1 1
99 1
100
f ' 0 0 0 ... 0 1
1
RHS 100 f ' 0
100 1
100
f ' 1
LHS
f ' 1 100 f ' 0
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Exercise: 30.4
Question 1.
Answer :
Let u x 3 ; v sin x
Then, u ' 3x 2 ; v ' cos x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d 3
dx
x sin x x3 cos x sin x 3x 2
x 2 x cos x 3 sin x
Question 2.
Answer :
Let u x 3 ; v e x
Then, u ' 3x 2 ; v ' e x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d 3 x
dx
x e x3 e x e x 3x2
x 2 e x x 3
Question 3.
Answer :
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Let u x 2 ; v e x ; w log x
1
Then, u ' 2 x; v ' e x , w
x
Using the product rule:
d
uvw u ' vw uv ' w uvw '
dx
d 2 x 1
dx
x e log x 2 x e x log x x 2 e x log x x 2 e x
x
2 x e x log x x 2 e x log x x e x
x e x 2 log x x log x 1
Question 4.
Answer :
Let u x n ; v tan x
Then, u ' nx n 1 ; v ' sec 2 x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d n
dx
x tan x x n sec2 x tan x nxn1
x n 1 x sec 2 x n tan x
Question 5.
Answer :
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log x
Letu x n ; v log a x
log a
1
Then, u ' nx n 1 ; v '
x log a
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d n 1
dx
x log a x x n .
x log a
log a x nx n 1
1
x n 1 log a x nx n 1
log a
1
x n 1 n log a x
log a
Question 6. .
Answer :
Let u x 3 x 2 1; v sin x
Then, u ' 3x 2 2 x; v ' cos x
By product rule,
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
x 3 x 2 1 sin x x 3 x 2 1 cos x 3 x 2 2 x sin x
dx
Question 7.
Answer :
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d
sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x . cos x
dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Question 8.
Answer :
2 x cot x 1
2 x cot x x 2
x
1
Let u 2 x ; v cot x; w x 2
x 2 1 23
Then, u ' 2 log 2; v ' cosec x; w ' x
2
Using the product rule:
d
uvw u ' vw uv ' w uvw '
dx
d x 21 1 1
1 23
2 cot x x 2 log 2.cot x.x 2 cosec x x 2 cot x x
x 2 x 2 2 x
dx 2
1 1 1
2 x log 2.cot x. 2 x cosec 2 x 2 x cot x
x x 2x x
2x 2 cot x
log 2 . cot x cosec x
x 2x
Question 9.
Answer :
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d 2 1
dx
x sin x log x 2 x sin x log x x 2 cos x log x x 2 sin x.
x
2
2 x sin x log x x cos x log x x sin x
Question 10. .
Answer :
d 5 x
dx
x e x6 log x
d x d 5 d d
x5
dx
e ex
dx
x x 6 log x log x x 6
dx dx
1
x5 e x e x 5 x 4 x 6 . log x 6 x5
x
x e e 5 x x log x 6 x5
5 x x 4 5
x 4 xe x 5e x x 6 x log x
Question 11.
Answer :
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
x sin x cos x x cos x sin x x sin x cos x x sin x x cos x sin x x cos x
dx
x 2 cos 2 x x sin 2 x
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x x cos 2 x sin 2 x
Question 12.
Answer :
d d
v ' ex x2 log x log x x 2
dx dx
x
e x 2 x log x
d
uv u v ' v u '
dx
d
x sin x cos x e x x 2 cos x
dx
Question 13.
Answer :
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4 cos x 8 sin x 10sec2 x 8 sec x tan x
5
4 cos x 2 sin x sec 2 x 2 sec x tan x
2
Question 14.
Answer :
Let u 1 x 2 ; v cos x
Then , u ' 2 x; v ' sin x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
1 x 2 cos x 1 x 2 sin x cos x 2 x
dx
Question 15.
Answer :
d
dx
sin 2 x
d
2 sin x sin x (Using the chain rule)
dx
2 sin x cos x
sin 2 x
Question 16.
Answer :
log x
log x2 x (by change of base property)
log x 2
log x
log x 2 2 log x
2 log x
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1
2
d d 1
Now
dx
log x2 x
dx 2
1
0 is a constant
2
Question 17.
Answer :
1
e x log x tan x e x tan x e x log x sec 2 x
2x
1 1
x tan x
2
e log x . tan x log x 2 .sec 2 x
2x
1 tan x 1
e x log x. tan x log x. sec2 x
2 2x 2
x
e tan x
log x. tan x log x.sec2 x
2 x
Question 18.
Answer :
Let u x 3 ; v e x ; w cos x
Then , u ' 3x 2 ; v ' e x ; w ' sin x
Using the product rule:
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d
uvw u ' vw uv ' w uvw '
dx
d 3 x
dx
x e cos x 3 x 2 e x cos x x 3 e x cos x x 3 e x sin x
Question 19.
Answer :
x 2 cos
4 x 2 cos cosec x
sin x 4
Let u x 2 ; v cos ; w cosec x
4
Then, u ' 2 x; v ' 0; w ' cosec x cot x
Using the product rule:
d
uvw u ' vw uv ' w uvw '
dx
d 2
x cos cosec x 2 x cos cosec x x 2 .0.cosec x x 2 cos cos ec x cot x
dx 4 4 4
cos
4
2 x cosec x x 2
cosec x cot x
2x cot x
cos x2
4 sin x sin x
Question 20.
Answer :
d
uv u v ' v u '
dx
d 4
dx
x 5 sin x 3 cos x x 4 5 cos x 3 sin x 5 sin x 3 cos x 4 x 3
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x3 5 x cos x 3 x sin x 20 sin x 12 cos x
x3 3x 20 sin x 5 x 12 cos x
Question 21.
Answer :
Let u 2 x 2 3; v sin x
Then, u ' 4 x; v ' cos x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
2 x 2 3 sin x 2 x 2 3 cos x 4 x sin x
dx
Question 22.
Answer :
Let u x 5 ; v 3 6 x 9
Then, u ' 5 x 4 ; v ' 54 x 10
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d 5
x 3 6 x 9 x5 54 x 10 3 6 x 9 5 x 4
dx
54 x 5 15 x 4 30 x 5
15 x 4 24 x 5
Question 23.
Answer :
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Let u x 4 ; v 3 4 x 5
Then, u ' 4 x 5 ; v ' 20 x 6
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d 4
x 3 4 x 5 x 4 20 x 6 3 4 x 5 4 x 5
dx
20 x 10 12 x 5 16 x 10
12 x 5 36 x 10
Question 24.
Answer :
Let u x 3 ; v 5 3x
Then, u 3x 4 ; v ' 3
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d 3
x 5 3 x x 3 .3 5 3 x 3 x 4
dx
3x 3 15 x 4 9 x 3
15 x 4 6 x 3
Question 25.
Answer :
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d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
1 2 tan x 5 4 cos x 1 2 tan x 4 sin x 5 4 cos x 2 sec2 x
dx
2 cos 2 x
4 sin x 10 sec x 8
cos x
4 sin x 10 sec 2 x 8 cos x
2nd method:
Question 26.
Answer :
i
Product rule (1st method):
Let u 3x 2 2; v 3x 2 2
Then, u ' 6 x; v ' 6 x
Using the product rule:
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
3 x 2 2 3 x 2 2 3 x 2 2 6 x 3x 2 2 6 x
dx
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18 x 3 12 x 18 x 3 12 x
36 x 3 24 x
2nd method:
d 2 2
d 9 x 4 12 x 2 4
dx
3 x 2
dx
36 x3 24 x
d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
x 2 x 3 x 2 1 x 31
dx
x2 x3
2x 5
2nd method:
d d
x 2 x 3 x 2 5 x 6
dx dx
2x 5
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d
uv uv ' vu '
dx
d
3 sec x 4 cos ec x 2 sin x 5 cos x 3 sec x 4 cos ec x 2 cos x 5 sin x
dx
2 sin x 5 cos x 3 sec x tan x 4 cos ec x cot x
6 15 tan x 8 cot x 20 6 tan 2 x 8 cot x 15 tan x 20 cot 2 x
6 20 6 sec 2 x 1 20 cosec 2 x 1
6 20 6sec 2 x 6 20 cosec 2 x 20
6 sec 2 x 20 cos ec 2 x
2nd method:
d
3 sec x 4 cos ec x 2 sin x 5 cos x
dx
d
6 sec x sin x 15 sec x cos x 8 cos ec x sin x 20 cos ec x cos x
dx
d
6 tan x 20 cot x 23
dx
6 sec2 x 20 cos ec 2 x
Question 27.
Answer :
ax b (a d )2
2
Let u ax b, v a d
Then, u ' a, v ' 0
Using the product rule:
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d
uv u v ' v u '
dx
d 2
dx
ax b (a d )2 ax b 0 a d a
d 2
dx
ax b (a d )2 a a d
Question 28.
Answer :
n n
ax b cx d
n n
Let u ax b , v cx d
n 1 n 1
Then, u ' na ax b , v ' nc cx d
Using the product rule :
d
uv uv ' u ' v
dx
d n n n n 1 n 1 n
ax b cx d ax b nc cx d na ax b cx d
dx
n 1 n 1
n ax b cx d acx cb acx ad
n 1 n 1
n ax b cx d 2acx cb ad
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Exercise: 30.5
Question 1.
Answer:
Let u x 2 1; v x 1
Then, u ' 2 x; v ' 1
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d x 2 1 x 1 2 x x 11
2
dx x 1 ( x 1) 2
2x2 2 x x2 1
( x 1)2
x2 2x 1
( x 1) 2
Question 2.
Answer:
Let u 2 x 1; v x 2 1;
Then, u ' 2; v ' 2 x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d 2 x 1 x 1 2 2 x 1 2 x
2
dx x 2 1 ( x 2 1) 2
2 x2 2 4 x2 2 x
( x 2 1)2
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2 x 2 2 x 2
( x 2 1)2
2 1 x x 2
( x 2 1)2
Question 3.
Answer:
Let u x e x ; v 1 log x
1
Then, u ' 1 e x ; v '
x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
1
d xe x 1 log x 1 e x x e x
x
dx 1 log x (1 log x) 2
x xe x x log x x log x e x x e x
x(1 log x) 2
x log x x log x e x e x x e x
x(1 log x) 2
x log x 1 e x e x 1 x
x(1 log x) 2
Question 4.
Answer:
n 2
dx cot x x n cot x x
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cot x x en x
sec 2 x e x tan x cos ec 2 x nx n 1
n 2
cot x x
Question 5.
Answer:
Let u ax 2 bx c; v px 2 qx r
Then, u ' 2ax b; v ' 2 px q
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d ax 2 bx c px qx r 2ax b ax bx c 2 px q
2 2
2
dx px 2 qx r px2 qx r
2apx3 2aqx 2 2arx bpx 2 bqx br 2apx 3 2bpx 2 2 pcx aqx 2 bqx cq
2
px 2
qx r
aq bp x 2 2 ar xp x br cq
2
px 2
qx r
Question 6.
Answer:
Let u x; v 1 tan x
Then, u ' 1; v ' sec 2 x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
1 tan x 1 x sec2 x
2
1 tan x
1 tan x x sec 2 x
2
1 tan x
Question 7.
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Answer:
d 1
2
dx ax bx c
d 1
ax 2 bx c
dx
2 d
1 ax 2 bx c ax 2 bx c (Using the chain rule)
dx
2
1 ax 2 bx c 2ax b
2ax b
2
ax 2
bx c
Question 8.
Answer:
Let u e x ; v 1 x 2
Then, u ' e x ; v ' 2 x
Using the chain rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d e x 1 x e e 2 x
2 x x
2
dx 1 x 2 1 x2
e x x 2 e x 2 xe x
2 2
1 x
e x 1 x 2 2 x
2 2
1 x
2
e x 1 x
2 2
1 x
Question 9.
Answer:
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Let u e x sin x; v 1 log x
1
Then, u ' e x cos x; v '
x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
1
x
d e sin x
1 log x e x cos x e x sin x
x
2
dx 1 log x 1 log x
x 1 log x e x cos x e x sin x
2
x 1 log x
Question 10.
Answer:
2
dx sec x tan x sec x tan x
x sec3 x x sec2 x tan x sec x tan x tan 2 x x sec x tan 2 x x tan x sec 2 x
2
sec x tan x
sec x tan x x sec2 x tan x x tan x sec x sec x tan x
2
sec x tan x
Question 11.
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Answer:
1 cos x x cos x sin x x sin 2 x
2
1 cos x
1 cos x x cos x sin x x 1 cos2 x
2
1 cos x
1 cos x x cos x sin x x 1 cos x 1 cos x
2
1 cos x
1 cos x x cos x sin x x x cos x
2
1 cos x
1 cos x x sin x
2
1 cos x
Question 12.
Answer:
1
x
x 2 x cosec 2 x 2 x log 2 cot x 2 x cot x
d 2 cot x 2 x
2
dx x x
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x 2 x cosec 2 x 2 x log 2 cot x 2 x 1 cot x
x
x
1
2 x xcosec 2 x x cot x log 2 cot x
2
x x
1
2 x xcosec 2 x x cot x log 2 cot x
2
3
2
x
Question 13.
Answer:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d sin x x cos x x sin x cos x x sin x sin x x cos x x cos x
2
dx x sin x cos x x sin x cos x
Answer:
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Let u x 2 x 1; v x 2 x 1
Then, u ' 2 x 1; v ' 2 x 1
By quotient rule,
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d x 2 x 1 x x 1 2 x 1 x x 1 2 x 1
2 2
2
dx x 2 x 1 x2 x 1
2 x3 2 x 2 2 x x 2 x 1 2 x3 2 x 2 2 x x 2 x 1
2
x 2
x 1
2x2 2
2
x 2
x 1
2 x 2 1
2
x 2
x 1
Question 15.
Answer:
Let u a x ; v a x
1 1
Then, u ' ; v '
2 x 2 x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d a x
a x 2 1 x a x 21x
dx a x 2
a x
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a x a x
2
2 x a x
2 a
2
2 x a x
a
2
x a x
Question 16.
Answer:
We Have:
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d a sin x 1 a sin x cos x a sin x a cos x
dx 1 a sin x (1 a sin x) 2
1 a cos x
2
(1 a sin x) 2
Question 17.
Answer:
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Let u 10 x ; v sin x
Then, u ' 10 x log 1 0; v ' cos x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
Question 18.
Answer:
Letu 1 3x ; v 1 3x
Then, u ' 3x log 3; v ' 3x log 3
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
1 3 3 log 3 1 3 3 log 3
x x x x
d 1 3x
2
dx 1 3x 1 3x
3x log 3 32 x log 3 3x log 3 32 x log 3
x 2
1 3
2.3x log 3
x 2
1 3
Question 19.
Answer:
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Let u 3x ; v x tan x
Then, u ' 3x log 3; v ' 1 sec 2 x
By quotient rule, we have:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
Solution:
1 1
d 1 log x
1 log x 1 log x
x x
2
dx 1 log x 1 log x
1 log x 1 log x
2
x 1 log x
2
2
x 1 log x
Question 21.
Solution:
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Let u 4 x 5 sin x; v 3 x 7 cos x
Then, u ' 4 5 cos x; v ' 3 7 sin x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
Solution:
Let u x; v 1 tan x
Then, u ' 1; v ' sec 2 x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
2
d x 1 tan x 1 x sec x
2
dx 1 tan x 1 tan x
1 tan x x sec2 x
2
1 tan x
Question 23.
Solution:
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Let u a b sin x; v c d cos x
Then, u ' b cos x; v ' d sin x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
Solution:
Let u px 2 qx r ; v ax b
Then, u ' 2 px q; v ' a
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d px 2 qx r ax b 2 px q px qx r a
2
2
dx ax b ax b
2ap x 2 aq x 2bp x bq ap x 2 aq x ar
2
ax b
ap x 2 2bp x bq ar
2
ax b
Question 25.
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Solution:
Solution:
dx sin x sin 2 x
Question 27.
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Solution:
Question 28.
Solution:
Let u x; v sin n x
Then, u ' 1; v ' n sin n 1 x.cos x
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
sin x nx cos x
sin n 1 x
Question 29.
Solution:
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Let u ax b; v px 2 qx r
Then, u ' a; v ' 2 px q
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
d ax b px qx r a ax b 2 px q
2
2
dx px 2 qx r px2 qx r
ap x 2 aq x ar 2ap x 2 2bp x aq x bq
2
px 2
qx r
apx 2 2bp x ar bq
2
px 2
qx r
Question 30.
Solution:
Let u 1; v ax 2 bx c
Then, u ' 0; v ' 2ax b
Using the quotient rule:
d u vu ' uv '
dx v v2
ax bx c 0 1 2ax b
2
d 1
2
dx ax 2 bx c ax 2 bx c
2ax b
2
ax 2
bx c
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Exercise: 30.VSA
Answer each of the following questions in one word or one sentence or as per exact requirement
of the question:
Question 1.
Solution:
Using the definition of derivative, we have:
f x f x
lim f 'c
x c xc
Question 2.
Solution:
xf a af x
lim
x a xa
xf a af x xf x xf x
lim
x a xa
xf a xf x xf x af x
lim
x a xa
x f x f a x a f x
lim
x a xa
f x f a x a f x
lim x lim lim
x a x a xa xa xa
a f ' a f a
Question 3.
Solution:
Given: x<2
2-x>0
d
dx
x2 4x 4
d
dx
2 x
2
d
2 x ( 2-x>0)
dx
0 1
1
Question 4.
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Solution:
1 cos 2 x
2
2 cos 2 x
2
cos 2 x
cos x ( <x<π)
2
d 1 cos 2 x
dx 2
d
cos x
dx
sin x
sin x
Question 5.
Solution:
Case 1:
x0
x x
Thus, we have:
d d d
x x x.x x 2 2 x 1
dx dx dx
Case 2:
x0
x x
Thus, we have:
d d d
x x x. x x 2 2 x 2
dx dx dx
From (1) and (2), we have:
d 2 x, if x 0
x x
dx 2 x, if x 0
Question 6.
Solution:
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Case 1:
x0
x x
x x x
x x x
2 x2
d d
x x x 2 x 2 4 x 1
dx dx
Case 2:
x0
x x
x x x
x x x
0
d d
x x x 0 0 2
dx dx
From (1) and (2), we have:
d 4 x, if x 0
x x x
dx 0, if x 0
Question 7.
Solution:
f x x x 1
Case 1: x<0 ( x-1<-1<0)
x x; x 1 x 1 x 1
f x x x 1 2 x
f ' x 2
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From case 1, case 2 and case 3, we have:
2, when x 0
0, when 0 x 1
f ' x
2, when x 1
Question 8.
Solution:
Let x = 2
We know:
2>1 and 2<3
x>1 and x<3
x 1 x 1 and x 3 x 3 x 3
f x x 1 x 3 x 1 x 3 2
f ' x 0
Question 9.
Solution:
Case 1: x>0
x x
x2 x2
f x x
x x
f ' x 1
Case 2: x<0
x x
x2 x2
f x x
x x
f ' x 1
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Case 1: x>0
x x ... 1
d
dx
log x log x
1
x
1
(from (1))
x
Case 2: x<0
x x ... 2
d
dx
log x log x
1
x
1
(from (2))
x
d 1
dx
log x
x
Question 11.
Solution:
f x 1
lim
x 1 x 1
f x 1 f x 1 x 1
lim
x 1 x 1 f x 1 x 1
f x 1 x 1
lim
x 1
x 1 f x 1
lim
f x 1
lim
x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
f x 1
11
f ' 1
f 1 1
2
2
11
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2
Question 12.
Solution:
Let x = -3
We know:
-3<-2
Thus, we have:
x<-2
It gives x+2<0.
2 x x 2 x 2 x 2
f x 3 2 x 3 x 2 3x 6
d d
f ' x 3 x 6 3
dx dx
Question 13.
Solution:
The given series is a geometric series where a=1 and r= x.
1
f x 1 x x 2 x3 ...
1 x
a
Sum of the infinite series of a geometric series is .
1 r
1 d
f ' x 1 x
(1 x)2 dx
1
1
(1 x) 2
1
(1 x) 2
Question 14.
Solution:
f x log x2 x3
log x 3
Change of base property
log x 2
3 log x
2 log x
3
2
3
f ' x 0 Since is a constant
2
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Chapter 30: Derivative
Exercise: 30.MCQ
Question 1.
Given: f x x x , x R
Now, For 0 x 1, for any x 0,1
Differentiating both sides with respect to x
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dy d x x2 x3
1 ...
dx dx 1! 2! 3!
d d x d x 2 d x3 d x 4
1 ...
dx dx 1! dx 2! dx 3! dx 4!
d 1 d 1 d 2 1 d 3 1 d 4
dx
1
1! dx
x
2! dx
x
3! dx
x
4! dx
x ...
1 1 1 1
0 1 2 x 3x 2 4 x3 ...
1! 2! 3! 4!
x x 2
x 3 n 1
1 ... y
1! 2! 3! n ! n 1 !
dy
y
dx
Hence, the correct option is (c)
Question 4.
Solution: f x 1 x x 2 x 3 ... x 99 x100
Differentiate with respect to x
d
f ' x
dx
1 x x 2 x 3 ... x 99 x100
d d d d d d
1 x x 2 x 3 ... x 99 x100
dx dx dx dx dx dx
2 98 99
0 1 2 x 3 x ... 99 x 100 x
1 2 x 3x 2 ... 99 x98 100 x99
Put x=1,
f ' 1 1 2 3 ... 99 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 99 100
1 1 1 ... 1 50 terms
50
Hence, the correct option is (d)
Question 5.
1
1 2 2
y x x 1
1 2
1 x2 1
x
Differentiate both sides
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d 2 d
dy x 2
1
dx
x 1 x 2 1 x 2 1
dx
2 Quotient rule
dx x 1
2
x 2
1 2 x 0 x 2 1 2 x 0
2
x 2
1
2 x3 2 x 2 x3 2 x
2
x 2
1
4 x
2
x 2
1
Hence, the correct option is (a)
Question 6.
Solution:
1
y x
x
1 1
x x 22
Question 7.
Solution
f x x100 x99 ... x 1
Differentiate both sides
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d 100
f ' x
dx
x x 99 ... x 1
'
d 100 d 99 d 2 d d
x x ... x x 1
dx dx dx dx dx
99 98
100 x 99 x ... 2 x 1 0
100 x99 99 x 98 ... 2 x 1
put x 1
f ' 1 100 99 98 ... 2 1
100 100 1 n n 1
Sn
2 2
50 101
5050
Hence, the correct option is (a)
Question 8.
Solution:
x2 x100
f x 1 x ...
2 100
Differentiate both sides
d x2 x100
f ' x 1 x ...
dx 2 100
d d d x2 d x100
1 x ...
dx dx dx 2 dx 100
d d 1 d 2 1 d 100
1 x
dx dx 2 dx
x ...
100 dx
x
1 1
0 1 2 x ... 100 x99 '
2 100
2 99
1 x x ... x
Put x=1
f ' 1 1 1 1 ... 1 100 terms
100
Question 9.
sin x cos x
Solution: y
sin x cos x
Differentiate both sides
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d d
dy
sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x
dx dx
2
dx sin x cos x
d d d d
sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x
dx dx dx dx
2
sin x cos x
sin x cos x cos x sin x sin x cos x cos x sin x
2
sin x cos x
cos 2 x sin 2 x 2 cos x sin x sin 2 x cos 2 x 2sin x cos x
2
sin x cos x
1 2 cos x sin x 1 2sin x cos x
2
sin x cos x
2
2
sin x cos x
Put x=0
dy 2 2
2
2
2
dx x 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 1
Hence, the correct option is (a)
Question 10.
sin x 9
y
cos x
Differentiate both sides
d d
cos x sin x 9 sin x 9 cos x
dy dx dx
2
dx cos x
cos x cos x 9 sin x 9 sin x
cos 2 x
cos x 9 cos x sin x 9 sin x
cos 2 x
cos x 9 x
cos 2 x
cos 9
cos 2 x
Put x=0
dy cos 9
2
cos 9
dx x 0 cos 0
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dy
Thus, at x=0 is cos 9
dx
Hence, the correct option is (a)
Question 11.
xn a n
Solution: f x
xa
Now, f x is not defined at x=a. Therefore f(x)is not differentiable at x=a
So f a does not exist.
Question 12.
Solution: Differentiate both sides
d d
f ' x x sin x sin x x Product rule
dx dx
x cos x sin x 1
x cos x sin x
Put x
2
π π π π
f ' cos sin
2 2 2 2
π
0 1
2
1
Hence, the correct option is (b).
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