PHN-310 

Lab Assignment  
Aniket Sujay, Enr No - 17122006 
 

EXPERIMENT - 1 

SPEED TRAINING USING OPTO-COUPLER 

Materials Required:
● Opto Coupler (LED as source & Photo resistor as a sensor) Motor
● Counter Display,
● Slotted Molding
● Power Supply.

Application:
Optocoupler can be used for speed measurement as the device measures
speed without any physical contact; thus, no reduction in speed occurs due
to physical contact. It can be used in other fields too. Like Limit switching,
Event Countin, Limit detection, End of Tape detection, AC/DC Power
Control, etc.

Inference:
The lesser amount of molding slots is available, we can measure the higher
rotation of the motor. Although there exists a limit of measurable speed,
which is due to the dead time of a single reading, if the rate of the motor
causes the dead time to be higher than the time taken for a revolution,
then no readings can be recorded.

 
 
 

EXPERIMENT - 2 

STUDY OF TORQUE MEASUREMENT TRAINER 

Materials Required:
● Strain Gauge based Torque Transducer
● Digital VoltMeter(DVM) with a suitable circuit
● Suitable mechanism to apply Torque
● Power Supply, Adder
● Amplifier, Load.

Application:
​Using this device, we can measure the Non-linearity, Hysteresis Error. We
can study strain gauge based torque transducers in static mode and its
effects on electrical circuits. Torque transducers are used in various places
like engines, gear shaft, torque tester, etc.

Inference:
We perform the test in two steps: First, increasing the weight up to a then
decreasing the loads accordingly, the difference in readings can be used to
calculate hysteresis error. Excess load should be avoided to prevent
permanent deformity. We can use this device to check the effectiveness of
a Transducer before its industrial application, i.e., it should have a linear
stress-strain relationship over a large elastic limit, Low strain hysteresis, low
creep over and low plastic flow.

 
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EXPERIMENT - 3 

STUDY OF fORCE MEASUREMENT TRAINER 

Materials Required:
● Strain Gauge based Load Cell
● Digital VoltMeter(DVM) with a suitable circuit
● Load
● Amplifiers
● Power Supply
● Excitation source(5 V DC).

Application:
Using this device, we can measure the Non-linearity, Hysteresis Error. We
can study strain gauge based load cell transducers and its effects on
electrical circuits. It is generally used in industry for weighing and force
management as it converts mechanical energy to an electrical one.

Inference:
We perform the test in two steps: First, increasing the weight up to a then
decreasing the loads accordingly, the difference in readings can be used to
calculate hysteresis error. Excess load should be avoided to prevent
permanent deformity. We can use this device to check the effectiveness of
a load cell before its industrial application, i.e., it should have a linear
stress-strain relationship over a large elastic limit, Low strain hysteresis, low
creep over and low plastic flow.

 
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EXPERIMENT - 4 

TO STUDY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LVDT 

Materials Required:
● LVDT and its components(including soft iron core and its movement
supporting pieces of equipment)
● signal amplifier
● Demodulator
● carrier source
● 3 ½ digital panel meter with ICs
● cables.
●
Application:
LVDT(Linear Variable Differential Transducer), its main function is to
convert the rectangular movement of the object into appropriate electrical
signals.
LVDT consists of a primary and a secondary winding. A soft iron core is
placed between them. The movement of the soft iron results in mutual
induction and formation of emf. This emf is related to the amount of
rectangular movement of the iron core. Thus the movement of iron core is
converted into proper electrical signals(voltage).

We use LVDT in the application where the displacements to be measured

are ranging from a fraction of few mms to few cms. It can act as the primary
transducer which converts the displacement into electrical signal directly.

 
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Inference: ​LVDT can measure changes of minimal movements, and it does not
have a limit to resolution in measurements. It is used to find the LVDT
constants, the extent of linear operating range in the case of balanced
modulated output as well as demodulated output. It is also used to find
linearity and residual voltage in the balanced output.

 
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