Voltage and Current in

Series-Parallel Networks
Voltage and Current in Series-Parallel
Networks
Potential Difference
Sign conventions
Voltage and Current
Series Circuits
Parallel Circuits
Battery
Power
Energy
Potential Difference
Sign conventions

Vab = + E
Vba = − E
Vcd = IR
Vdc = − IR
Potential Difference
Sign conventions

Veg = Vef + V fg
Veg = E + IR

Vhj = Vhi + Vij

Vhj = E − IR
Potential Difference
Series

RT = R1 + R2 + ...Rn
I T = I1 = I 2 = ...I n
VT = V1 + V2 + ...Vn
Sample Problem
A battery supplies 5𝑉 to the series connection of a wire and an LED
bulb rated at 4.5𝑉. If the total current across the circuit is 0.83𝐴,
calculate the resistance and the length of the wire such that the LED
will receive its rated voltage. Assume that the diameter of the wire is
0.321𝑚𝑚 and a resistivity of 1.72 × 10−8 Ω − 𝑚.
Potential Difference
Parallel

VT = V1 = V2 = ...Vn
I T = I1 + I 2 + ...I n
1 1 1 1
= + + ...
RT R1 R2 Rn
Sample Problem
A 24V battery supplies a 0.6A current to a parallel connection of 2
resistors. If resistor 1 has a current of 0.48A, what are the values of the
resistance of each resistor R1 and R2? Calculate how many R1’s and
R2’s are needed to increase the total current to 1.2A.
Battery
A device capable of providing a constant DC voltage. It also converts
chemical energy to electricity.
Battery
Capacity
A measure (typically in amp-hr) of the charge stored by the battery dependent
on age, past history of battery, temperature and charging & discharging
regimes.
Battery
Supplying

Vt = E − Ir
Vab = − Ir + E

Charging
Vt = E + Ir
Vab = Ir + E
Sample Problem
How many hours would it take for a 12V, 60Ah battery supply current
to a 10Ω resistor?

t = 50hours
Battery
Connection
Series

rt = r1 + r2
ET = E1 + E2
Battery
Parallel
Different r, same E

ET = E
1 1 1 1
= + +
rt r1 r2 r3
Sample Problem
Determine the current through the 4Ω resistor.

I = 1.9 A
Power
The rate at which energy is generated or consumed product of voltage
and current.

P = VI
Law of conservation of Energy

Pgenerated = Pconsumed
Power
Rated Power
The power required by a machine or an element in order to operate at its full
capacity.
Pr ated = VratedIrated
Power
Energy
The quantity that is generated or consumed by a product or machine
for a certain period of time.

E = Pt
Law of conservation of Energy

Egenerated = Econsumed