Introduction to the Nature

of Electricity
Introduction to the Nature of Electricity
An overview of Electrical Engineering
Electrical Systems
Electric Circuit Variables
Voltage, Current, Resistance
Ohm’s Law
Power, Energy
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Electrical Circuit
Circuit Elements
An overview of Electrical Engineering
Classifications of Electrical Systems
Communication systems are electrical systems that generate, transmit, and
distribute information.

Computer systems use electric signals to process information ranging from

word processing to mathematical computations.

Control systems use electric signals to regulate processes.

Signal-processing systems act on electric signals that represent information.

An overview of Electrical Engineering
Classifications of Electrical Systems
Power systems generate and distribute electric power.
Electric Circuit Variables
Resistance
The ability of a material to limit the flow of electrons and at the same time
convert electrical energy to other forms of energy.
Electric Circuit Variables
Potential Difference
Work per unit charge necessary to bring a charge from a negatively charged
plate to a positively charged plate.

𝑑𝑊
𝑉=
𝑑𝑄
Where:
𝑉 Voltage Volts
𝑊 Work Joules
𝑄 Charge Coulombs
Electric Circuit Variables
Current
The rate of flow of electrons past a given point.

𝑑𝑄
𝐼=
𝑑𝑡
Where:
𝐼 Current Amperes
𝑄 Charge Coulombs
𝑡 Time Seconds
Electric Circuit Variables
Ohm’s Law
The algebraic relationship between voltage and current for a resistor.
Current is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
Where:
𝑉 Voltage Volts
𝐼 Current Amperes
𝑅 Resistance Ohms
Electric Circuit Variables
Power
The rate at which energy is generated or consumed product of voltage and
current.

𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Where:
𝑃 Power Watts
𝑉 Voltage Volts
𝐼 Current Amperes
Electric Circuit Variables
Energy
The quantity that is generated or consumed by a product or machine.

𝐸 = 𝑃𝑡
Where:
𝐸 Energy Joules or Watt-hours
𝑃 Power Watts
𝑡 Time Hours
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Electric Circuit
Sometimes called electric network.
It is an interconnection of electrical elements linked together in a closed path
so that an electric current may flow continuously.
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Electric Circuit
Branch – may be composed of one or more elements in series.
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Electric Circuit
Node – point wherein two or more branches meet.
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Electric Circuit
Loop – interconnection of branches forming a closed path.
Parts of an Electrical Circuit
Circuit Elements
Passive – absorb energy (resistors, inductors, capacitors)

Active – generate energy (batteries, generators)

Independent – supplies constant voltage or current.
220V 12V 5A

Dependent – depends or is controlled by another source.

10i
Sample Problem
If the energy of an elevator is 8.6kWh, calculate its resistance when it
is running at 4 hours while connected to a 440V power supply and the
current of the elevator. Assume that the power of the elevator is
constant throughout its operation.