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Design of Pier System - GROUP - PD4: Vax Consultants Pvt. LTD.
Design of Pier System - GROUP - PD4: Vax Consultants Pvt. LTD.
GENERAL DATA
Road crest level = 110.700 m (Highest Level)
Structural Depth of Superstructure = 2.000 m
DESIGN DATA
Number of traffic lanes = 3 nos
Carriage-way width = 11 m
Footpaths and crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 0 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.5 m
Width of kerbs = 0 m
Overall width of deck = 12.00 m
C/C Distance of Piers Left Span 20.00 m
Right Span 20.00 m
Expansion Joint width = 40 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) Left Span 19.96 m
Right SPan 19.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) Left Span 19.40 m
Right SPan 19.40 m
Type of super-structure = T-beam & Deck Slab
Width of bearing = 360 mm
Length of bearing = 500 mm
Width of Pedestal (Transeverse Dir.) = 0.8 m
Length of Pedestal (along bridge) = 0.55 m
Height of bearing Pedestals = 150 mm, min & 356 mm, max
Thickness of bearing = 96 mm
Number of bearings per span = 8 Nos.
Number of pedastals per span = 8 Nos.
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm (Uniform thick)
Column Diameter = 2000 mm
Materials used
Grade of concrete M 35
Grade of steel Fe 500
As per Annexure A-1 of IRC:112-2011, following categories of ACTIONS are considered in the Design:
I - PERMANENT ACTION
A) PERMANENT ACTION - G
G1 Self Weight of Pier System due to Gravity
G2 Dead Load of Structure due to Gravity
G3 Back-Fill Weight
Fep Earth Pressure, Fep
Fs Secondary effects, such as Creep and Shrinkage, Fs
B) VARIABLE GRAVITY LOADS TREATED AS PERMANENT LOADS
G4 Superimposed Dead Loads - Hand Rail, Crash Barriers, Road Furniture,
Footpaths and other service loads
G5
Surfacing & Wearing Coat (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
The above listed forces are determined in detail and presented below.
850
R1 R2 R3 R4
2300
300
300
R5 R6 R7 R8
9.55 850
Section 2 Section 1
106.388
1750
750
9.367
Dia. of Pier
2.00 m
Bed Level 98.921
97.021
1600
95.421
750
7.500
Volume Weight,
Component Nos. Dimensions, m
Cu.m. kN
Pedestals 8 0.550 0.800 0.253 0.891 22.264
Pier Cap Baem 1 9.550 0.750 2.300 16.474 411.844
2 3.775 1.000 2.300 8.683 217.063
1 2.000 1.000 2.300 4.600 115.000
Pier 3.14 2.000 9.367 29.414 735.339
Foundation Elements
Trepizoidal Portion 1 2.300 7.500 0.850 26.155 653.863
Rectangular Portion 1 7.500 7.500 0.75 42.188 1054.69
Total 128.40 3210.06
STAAD analysis of the superstructure is conducted and the reactions on the sub-structure pedestals due to Dead Load
(DL) of superstructure, Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) and W/C loads are obtained and the same are tabulated
below. The analysis files are provided in Attachment A1.
DL effects on
Pedestal and Reaction identification
Pier System
On Pedestal, R1 415.6
On Pedestal, R2 377.9
On Pedestal, R3 377.9
On Pedestal, R4 415.6
On Pedestal, R5 415.6
On Pedestal, R6 377.9
On Pedestal, R7 377.9
On Pedestal, R8 415.6
Total 3174
Summary of pedestal loads are presented below - Due to Girder Self Weight:
Pedestal Reaction R1 & R5 R2 & R6 R3 & R7 R4 & R8
Total Reaction 831.200 755.800 755.800 831.200
Difference in Reaction 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Unbalanced Moment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
G3 BACK-FILL WEIGHT
Width of Foundation = 7.500 m
Length of Foundation = 7.500 m
Existing Ground Level = 98.921 m
Foundation Level = 95.421 m
Volume of Concrete and Soil Over-burden = 196.88 m 3
Volume of Foundation Concrete = 68.34 m 3
Volume of Soil Over-burden = 128.53 m 3
Unit Weight of Soil overburden = 18 kN/m 3
Total Soil Overburden Weight = 2313.59 kN
Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep
Earth Pressure Forces are absent as the structure - Pier does not experience any Earth Pressure Forces.
G4 SIDL SUCH AS HAND RAILS, CRASH BARRIERS, FOOTPATHS& OTHER SERVICE LOADS
Support Reactions due to SIDLs are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
SDL effects,
Pedestal and Reaction identification
except w/c
On Pedestal, R1 75.16
On Pedestal, R2 2.19
On Pedestal, R3 2.19
On Pedestal, R4 75.16
On Pedestal, R5 75.16
On Pedestal, R6 2.19
On Pedestal, R7 2.19
On Pedestal, R8 75.16
Total 309.4
G5 SURFACING & WEARING COAT LOADS (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
Support Reactions due to W/C are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
loads due to
Pedestal and Reaction identification
w/c
On Pedestal, R1 18.71
On Pedestal, R2 18.71
On Pedestal, R3 18.71
On Pedestal, R4 18.71
On Pedestal, R5 18.71
On Pedestal, R6 18.71
On Pedestal, R7 18.71
On Pedestal, R8 18.71
Total 149.68
T TEMPARATURE LOADS (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the structure's Life)
No such loads act on the Pier
Impact
LL Case Axial Load, P MT, kNm ML, kNm
Factor (%)
Without Impact
70R W 1000.004 2905.05 150.19 17.71654
70RW + Class A 1553.987 1298.49 154.85 17.71654
70RT 699.991 1994.96 171.29 10
70RT + Class A 1292.845 275.79 176.28 10
Class A - One Lane 553.975 2326.71 4.66 17.71654
Class A - Two Lanes 1107.950 2714.46 9.32 17.71654
Class A - Three Lanes 1661.925 1107.93 13.98 17.71654
Ff BEARING FRICTION
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrinkage.
Refer Clause no. 211 of IRC:6-2010
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 0.0000117
Maximum temperature variation = 17.5 deg.
Temperature Strain = 0.00020475
Total Strain = 0.00040475
Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 8.08 mm
Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.89 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.44 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:
Length lo = 500 mm
Breath bo = 360 mm
Overall Thickness = 96 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover h e = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 5 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 4 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer h i = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates h s = 4 mm
Effective Width of Bearing = 348 mm
Effective Length of Bearing = 488 mm
Effective thickness of Baering = 72 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.06171
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm 2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.06171 N/mm 2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 4 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 41.921 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction) = 41.921 kN
This force acts at RL (+) 108.700
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction) = 10.480 kN
MT at
MT at Top of
Reaction on Centrifugal Foundatio
Live Load Case Foundation
Pier, W, kN Force, C, kN n Level,
Level, kNm
kNm
70R W 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RW + Class A 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT + Class A 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Three Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
As per this clasue, no additional forces need to be considered for a possible collision of vehicle with Abutment and it
shall be considered if the Pier is not separated by 4.5m from the Carriageway of the traffic below the GS.
Hence, these forces are considered in the design. Detailed Caculations are done below.
The Collision Load Diagram is as shown below 108.138 Top of Pier Cap Level
P L 50 99.671
kN
0.75
P T 100 98.921 Ground Level -
kN
97.021
Breaking Forces
Wind Forces
One Side Loaded Condition 88.03 21.7 108.5 320.3 1470.2
Both Sides Loaded Condition 352.13 70.0 301.9 1088.3 4542.0
Vehicular Collision Load 0.000 50.0 100.0 212.5 425.0
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 481.9 6445.2
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 496.3 6682.6
70RW + Class A 501.8 6772.7
70RT 494.1 6646.3
70RT + Class A 499.9 6742.7
Class A - One Lane 487.3 6535.3
Class A - Two Lanes 492.8 6625.4
Class A - Three Lanes 498.3 6715.5
Both Sides Loaded Condition
70R W 501.1 6761.6
70RW + Class A 511.7 6936.9
70RT 495.3 6666.7
70RT + Class A 506.7 6854.3
Class A - One Lane 492.5 6620.5
Class A - Two Lanes 503.2 6795.8
Class A - Three Lanes 513.8 6971.0