BASIC DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL

PLANT SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT

MECHANICAL PLAN
• VENTILATION AIR SUPPLY AND EXHUAST
• EXHUAST SYSTEM
• DESIGN ELEVATOR AND SAFETY
MEHCANICAL PLAN
• is a type of technical drawing that shows
information about heating, ventilating, air
conditioning and transportation around the
building (Elevators or Lifts and Escalator)
HEATING VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING
• Heating,
ventilation, and air
conditioning is the
technology of
indoor and
vehicular
environmental
comfort. Its goal is
to provide thermal
comfort and
acceptable indoor
air quality.
HEATING VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING
BASIC AIR CONDITIONING CYCLE
CODE AND STANDARD REFERENCE
LIST OF ASHREA CODE
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
ATLEAST THERE ARE FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DESIGNING A HVAC
MECAHANICAL SYSTEM

• AIR SUPPLY AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

• HEAT LOAD CALCULATION
• AIR DISTRIBUTION OR DUCTING LAY-OUT
• EQUIPMENT SELECTION
• OTHERS
AIR SUPPLY AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
FOR START WE WILL USED FOR REFERENCE IS THE ASHREA 62.1
2007
Natural Ventilation.
• Use of natural ventilation systems designed in accordance with this
section shall be permitted in lieu of or in conjunction with mechanical
ventilation systems.

Location and Size of Openings.

• Naturally ventilated spaces shall be permanently open to and within 8
m (25 ft) of operable wall or roof openings to the outdoors, the operable
area of which is a minimum of 4% of the net occupiable floor area.
• Where openings are covered with louvers or otherwise obstructed, operable
area shall be based on the free unobstructed area through the opening.
• Where interior spaces without direct openings to the outdoors are ventilated
through adjoining rooms, the opening between rooms shall be permanently
unobstructed and have a free area of not less than 8% of the area of the
interior room nor less than 25 ft2 (2.3 m2 ).

DESIGN CONSIDERATION
 VENTILATION AIR SUPPLY AND EXHUAST
• If you are one of the majority of people who
spend most of their time indoors, then you
should know that the air you breathe inside a
building can be more seriously polluted than
the outdoor in even the most industrialized
cities. Thus, proper considerations about the
indoor air quantity and quality should be taken
into account when designing HVAC system for
a building.
EFFECTS OF INDOOR POLLUTION

• You can tell the space is inadequately

ventilated when you continually smell kitchen
odors in your office, or you feel sleepy and not
comfortable. Although those annoying aspects
will immediately draw your attention, you
should be more concerned about the hidden
contaminants that affect your health.
EFFECTS OF INDOOR POLLUTION
We can think of the effects as follows:
1. Fatal in Short Term: These include chemical
substances such as carbon monoxide.
2. Carcinogenic: Cancer causing substances.
3. Health Threatening: Such as allergens, volatile organic
compounds, bacteria, viruses, mold spores, ozone and
particulate.
4. Annoying: With impact on productivity and sense of
well-being.
Outdoor Air Intakes.
• Ventilation system outdoor intakes shall be designed in
accordance with the following.

Location. Outdoor air intakes,

• including doors and windows that are required as part of a natural
ventilation system, shall be located such that the shortest distance
from the intake to any specific potential outdoor contaminant source
shall be equal to or greater than the separation distance listed in
Table 5-1.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
ZONE OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/ZONE)
• American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and air-
conditioning Engineers published a standard known as
ASHRAE 62.1 to specify minimum ventilation rates and
air quality that will be acceptable to human occupants.
• For each zone, depending on the occupants’ activities
and the function of the space. For example, a person
dancing needs more oxygen than one sitting in the office.
The minimum outdoor air required is defined as
Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow and can be calculated:
Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow.

ZONE CALCULATIONS.
 SAMPLE CALCULATION
Example:
We have 3 offices as one breathing zone (common thermostat), each
office area is 120 ft^2, and maximum occupancy for each is 3
persons. Note: For the complete table refer to Table 6-1 in ASHRAE
62.1 standard, these are selected spaces for illustration purpose only.

From table 62.1, for office space:

Rp = 5 CFM/Person,
Ra= 0.06CFM/ft^2
Total Area = 3 offices × 120 ft^2 each = 360 ft^2.
Maximum number of people = 9 persons.

Using Eq.1, Vbz=5×9+0.06×360=66.6 CFM. So the HVAC system

should be able to provide at minimum 66.6 CFM outdoor air in order
to meet the requirements of ASHRAE 62.1.
ZONE OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/ZONE)
 SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)

• There are 3 general system configurations:

Single-Zone systems, 100% outdoor air
systems and multiple-Zone recirculating
systems. The procedures for calculating the
system outdoor air intake is different for
each configuration, but in each case the
calculations are built on the same zone
calculations previously explained.
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
SYSTEM OUTDOOR AIR QUANTITIES (CFM/SYSTEM)
DESIGN OF FRESH AIR AND EXHAUST AIR
 ADPI (AIR DIFFUSION PERFORMANCE INDEX)

What it is: ADPI is an index used to evaluate

the performance of an air distribution system within a
room/zone. It is derived from the air velocity and effective draft
temperature of the sampling points within the space
considered.