cWoogsf] cf}lrTo

;fdfGotof ;j} ljifox?sf] cWofkg sf{o efiff l;sfOsf

l;kx? ;'gfO{ jf]nfO{ k9fO{ / n]vfOs} cfwf/df x'g] ub{5g . ljwfyL{x?df
nVg] l;ksf] ljsf; u{gsfnflu plgx?nfO{ al9 eGbf al9 n]Vg] sfo{df ;l/s
u/fpg' kb{5 . plgx?nfO{ z'å kf7 ;fg'{ eGbf klg >'lt n]vg u/fO{ zAb 1fg
a9pg zAbx? ;'g]/ Internalized u/]/ n]Vg] z}nLsf] ljsf; u/fpg kb{5 . k|fljsf
ljwfyL{x?nfsf] Ifdtf / cfjZostf cg';f/sf] ljifoj:t'sf] rog u/L plgx?nfO{ >'tL
n]vg ug]{ , ;DEfm]/ n]Vg] tyf passage df pQ/ vf]Hg] h:tf cEof;c?n]
ljwfyL{x?df n]Vg] z}bnLsf] ljsf; x'G5 .

t/ dog n]Vg ;sg] agfpg' cfbL _ .

% = n]Vbf v]/L wsf{ dfyL hfg] / wsf{ tn hfg] cIf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg' .

cWoog ul/Psf] ;d:of M k|f = lj txsf ljwfyL{x?df c+u|]hL

ljifodf n]Vg] ;Lksf] ;d:of M

d}n] cWofkg ug]{ ljwfno >L s'dfnLsf]6 df= lj s'dfnLsf]6sf] k|flj txsf]
c+u|]hL ljifosf] cWoog u/fpbf sIff $ / % df b]lvPsf] ;d:onfO{ d]/f]
cWoogsf] ljifoj:t' agfP . c+u|]hL ljifosf cWoog ug]{ lznlznfdf ljwfyL{x?
df b]lvPsf] ;d:ofn] d ;f/} g} lrlGtt eP lsgeg] d}n] jf]8{df u/fPsf world
meaning , question answers, tyf cGo activities klg ljwfyL{x?n] cEof;
k'l:tsfdf nf]Vbf cfwfdfq zAbx? , cIf/x? n]Vg] ,jfSo k'/f gu{g] , gj'emLg]
u/L n]Vg] tyf vf;u/L "b / d" tyf " p / q" sf] km/s 5'6fpg g:sg] ;d:ox? b]lvP
. kf7df lbOPsf] lj;oj:t'nfO{ g]kfnL eiffdf ;DemfO{ k9fpbf syfa:t' a'‰g]
eoklg plgc?n] To;nfO{ n]Vg] z}nLdf ptfg{ ;sb}Gg . c+u|]hL n]Vg] j]nf
vf;u/L ljwfyL{x?sf] lgDgcg';f/ x'g] ub{5g M
!= zAb n]vbf ;j} cIf/x? gn]Vg] .
@= jfSon]vbf cw'/f jfSox? n]Vg] .
#= b / d km/s 5'6fpg g:sg] .
$= p / q km/s 5'6fpg g:sg] .
%= Pictorial teaching ubf{ zAb eGg ;Sg] t/ spelling n]Vg g;Sg] .
^= c+u|]hLdf dfyL hfg] cIf/x? / tn hfg] cIf/x? n]Vg g:sg] .

pSt ;df:of b]lvg'sf sf/0fx? M

ljwfyL{x? ;b}j l;sf? x'g To;}n] l;Sg] s'/fdf sl7gfO{ b]lvg' :jefljs s'/fxf] t/
oxf b]lvPsf] hl6n ;d:of s] eg] ljwfyL{x?n] uNtLx? bf]x/ofpg] tyf cToGt}
nfk/jfxL ug]{ t/ l;Sg] s'/fdf ?lr gb]vfpg] kfO{of] . ;/sf/L ljwfnodf c+u|
f]hL ljifo ;fgf] sIff b]lvg} xfu'hL agfOPsf] , c+u|f]hL cWoogdf
ljwfyL{sf] ?rL g/x]sf] / lzIfsn] kgL em/f{ og} cjf:yfn] cWofkg u/fpbf
ljwfyL{x?df ;sf/fTds l;sfO{ guGo ePsf] kfOof] . csf]{ lt/ ljifoj:t'df klg
;df:of bf]lvPsf] / kf7ok':tsx? klg ;Dodf pknAw x'g g;Sbfn] klg of] ;d:of
Ho"sf To" j9]sf] 5 ;d:ofsf s'/fx? h] hlt ePklg k|f = lj = txdf cfwf/e't l;sfO{
pknawL k|fKt u/fpg lzIfssf] JolStut 1fg / ;Lkg} sfkmL x'G5 . To;}n]
lzIfsn] hfu?s eP/ o; txdf cWofkg u/fpbf ljwfyL{nfO{ kf7ok':tsf]
68sf/f] ;df:of g/xg ;S5 . t;y{ k|f = lj = txsf] c+u|f]hL cWofkg u/fpbf
ljwfyL{x?sf] n]Vg] z}nLdf ;d:of b]lvg'sf d"Vo sf/0fx? lgDgcg';f/ 5g M
!= ljwfyL{x?sf c+u|f]hL ljifosf] cWofkgdf n]vg cEof;sf] sdL /x]sf] .
@= ;/sf/L / ;fd'bflos ljwfnosf ljwfyL{x? c+u|f]hL eGbf c? ljifonfO{ hf]8
lbg] ub{5g .
#= lzIfsn] klg ljwfyL{x?nfO{ k|ofKt cEof;df Jo:t /fVg g;s]sf] .
$=sIffdf ljwfyL{x? jl9 ePsf] / s]lx hGg] ljwfyL{sf cfwf/df sIffsf]
cWofkg sfo{ cuf8L a9g]] ePsfn] .
%= ljwfyL{x?df sIffdf cg'kl:yt /xg] , efUg] tyf sIff 5f]8g] k|j[lt b]lv
Psf]n] .
^= c+u|]hL efiffsf] a'emfO{ /fd|/L gx'g] x'gfn] klg ljwfyL{x?sf] o; laifo
k|lt ?rL x'b}g .

;d:of ;dfwfgsfnfuL ckgfosf] lzIf0f s[ofsnfk

ljwfyL{x?df b]lvPsf lo sl7gfOx?sf] ;'wf/sf nflu sf]lx cg'elj c+u|hL lzIfsx?
;+u ;Nnfx u/L tyf lzIf0f s[ofsnfk ckgfO{ ;dfwfg vf]Hg] k|oTg u/] .
gofF lzIf0f s[ofsnfkdf d}n] cfkm'n] k9g] / plgx?nfO{ n]Vg nufpg] , ;'g]/
n]Vg nufpg] ->'tL n]vg u/fpg]_ cfkm'n] jf]8{df n]Vg] / plgx?
nfO{ sfkLdf ;fg{nufpg] -;f/]/ n]Vg]_ cEof;df Jo:t u/fP/ plgx?n] u/]sf
s[ofsnfksf] d'Nofªsg u/] . o; k|sf/sf] cEof; ltg xKtf ;Dd lg/Gt/ u/fpbf
lgDgcg';f/sf] cfs8f e]l6of] M
!=sIff % sf $! hgf ljwfyL{x? dWo] !@ hgf ljwfyL{x? >'tL n]vgd} z'å
n]Vg ;Sg] eP .
@= !* hgf ljwfyL{x? z'å ;+u ;f{g ;Sg] eP .
#= !! hgf ljwfyL{x?sf] ;'wf/sf rfxL j'emg} g;Sg] cj:yfdf n]Vg] e]l6P .
lo !! hgf ljwfyL{x?sf] ;'wf/sf nuL 5'6} sIffsf] Jojf:yf u/L ;dosf] klg
Joj:yfkg u/] .
lolgx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ b"O{ ;ftf ;Dd k"0f{ of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L cWofkg u/fpbf
plgx?sf] sfkLdf n]lv ;fg{ nufpg] , lstfaaf6 ;fg{ nufpg] af]8{ , af6
;fg{ nufpg] tyf lgu/fgLdf ;Rofpg] / km]/L n]Vg nufpg] cEof; x? u/fpbf &
hgf ljwfyL{x?df ;'wf/ b]lvPsf] / cem} $ hgf ljwfyL{x?sf] ca:yf bogLog}
lyof] .

lgisif{
pk/f]St k|ltkmn b]lvPkl5 d s] lgisif{df k'u] eg] ;d:ofnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5
t/ x6fpg / ld6fpg rflx g;lsbf] /x]5 . al9 eGbf al9 ljwfyL{x?n] -#& hgfn]_
ckm'df ;'wf/ u/]sf] dx;"; u/] kl5 ;'wf/sfnfuL ul/Psf lzIf0f ls|ofsnfknfO{
;kmn ePsf] kfP .
o; ;fy{stfnfO{ d}n] Ps uf]i7Ldf 5nkmnsf] laifodf k|:t't u5f]{ . cGo lzIfs
;flyx? , k|wfgfWoks / tflnd s]Gb|sf k|lzIfs ;/x?sf dfemdf 5nkmn / ax; ubf{
efiff lzIf0fdf n]Vo ;Lksf] lasf;sf nfuL >'tL n]vg , k9]/ n]vfpg] , af]8{df
n]v]sf] ;fg{nufpg] / ;f/]sf cEof;x? d'Nofªsg u/L ;Rofpbf ljwfyL{x?df w]/}
xb ;Dd n]Vg] z}nLdf ;'wf/ x'g] lgisif{df k'u] .

lzIfLsf lgd{nf rGb -zfxL_

>L s'dfnLsf]6 df = la s'dfnLsf]6 8]6L