ASSIGNMENT

ON
AV AIDS
Submitted to,
Mrs.Praveena ma’am
Lecturer
Indian Academy Collage of Nursing

Submitted by,
Suman Mondal
2nd year Bsc. Nursing
Indian Academy Collage of Nursing
INTRODUCTION
 Audio visual Aids, audio visual materials,audio visual
media, communication technology, educational or
instructional media; and learning resources- all these
terms, broadly speaking, mean the same thing.
 Earlier the term used was audio visual aid in
education.
 With the advancement in the means of
communication and that of technology, educators
coined new terms.

DEFINITIONS
I. ‘Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to
make the teaching experience more concrete, more
realistic and more dynamic.” -Kinder S. James
2. “Audio visual aids are those sensory objects or images
which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning”.
— Burton
3. “Audio Visual aids are anything by means of which
learning process may be encouraged or carried on
through the sense of hearing or sense of sight.”
-- Good’s dictionary of education

Purposes of A.V. aids:

I. To provide a basis for more effective perceptual and
conceptual learning.
2. To initiate and sustain attention, concentration and
personal involvement of the students in learning
3. To provide concreteness, realism and life likeness in
the teaching- learning situation.
4. To bring the remote events of either space or time
into
the classroom.
5. To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts.
6. To gain practical skill.
7. To introduce opportunity for situational or field types
of learning.
8. Best motivation.
9. Clear image.
10. Save energy and lime.
11. Antidote of the disease of verbal instructions.
12. Capture attention.
13. reinforcement lo learner.
14. Positive transfer of learning.
15. Gain & hold student interest.
16. Increase understanding and retention.
17. Stimulate the development of understanding
attitudes.

CLASSIFICATION OF AV AIDS:
AV. aids can be broadly divided into 2 types based on
their operation.
1. Projected aids
2. Non projected aids

Projected aids:
. Film
. Film strips
• Opaque projector
. OH P-over head projector

Non projected aids:

Common Classification
Auditory aids:
Any instructional device that can be
heard but not seen. Eg. Tape records.
Microphones, Amplifier. Ear phones. etc..
Visual aids:
Any instructional device that can be seen, but not heard.
It has 2 types
Not requiring projection: cg. Chalkboard. Flannel graph.
Exhibits, Posters,etc.
Requiring Projection: eg. Slides, Film Strips. Epidiascopes.
OHP. etc.
Audio-Visual Aids:
Any instructional device that can be heard as well as
seen. Eg. Sound Films, Closed\ circuit Televisions.
Traditional Aids:
Traditional practicing medias. Eg. Puppet shows, Folks
songs. Drama, etc.

Miscellaneous:
Eg. Dramatization, Booklets, Newspapers, Magazines.
Aids through activity:
Eg. School Journey. Objects, Specimens. and Model
collections. etc.

PRINCIPLES OF AV AIDS:
1. Principles of Selection:
. They should suit the age level, grade level, and other
characteristics of the learners.
. It should be interesting and motivating.
. They should be the true representatives of the real
things.
. They should have in the realization of desired learning
objectives.

2.PrincipIes of preparation:
. As for as possible locally available material should be
used.
. The teachers should receive some training in the
preparation of aids.
. The teachers themselves should prepare some of the
aids.
. Students may be associated in the preparation of aids.
3. PrincipIes of Handling:
Arrangement of keeping aids safely and also to facilitate
their lending to the teachers for use.
4. PrincipIes of Presentation:
. Teachers should carefully visualize the use of teaching
aids before their actual presentation.
. They should fully familiar themselves with the use and
manipulation of the aids.
. Adequate care should be taken to handle an aid in such
a way as no damage is done
. The aid should be displayed properly so that all the
students are able to see it, observe it and derive
maximum benefit out of it.
 5. Principle of Response:
. Teachers guide the students to respond activity to the
AV stimuli.
6. Principle of Evaluation:
. Continuous evaluation is necessary.

Equipment used for

audiovisual presentations
 Television
 LCD projectors
 Film projectors
 Slide projectors
 Opaque projectors (episcopes and epidiascopes)
 Overhead projectors

Advantages
In modern world we use digital tools to improve the
teaching-learning process. The most common tool we use
in classroom these days is PowerPoint slides, which
makes the class more interesting, dynamic and effective.
Moreover it also helps to introduce new topics in easy
way. The use of audiovisual aids makes the students to
remember the concept for longer period of time. They
convey the same meaning as words but it gives clear
concepts thus help to bring effectiveness in learning.
Integrating technology into the classroom help students to
experience things virtually or vicariously. For example, if
the teacher wants to give a lesson on Taj Mahal, it is
possible that not all the students in India have visited the
place but you can show it through a video thereby
allowing the students to see the monument with their own
eyes. Although the first hand experience is the best way
of educative experience but such an experience cannot
always be done practical so in some case we need to have
substitution.
Use of audio-visual aids help in maintaining discipline in
the class since all the students' attention are focused in
learning. This interactive session also develops critical
thinking and reasoning that are important components of
the teaching-learning process.
Audiovisual provides opportunities for effective
communication between teacher and students in learning.
For example, in a study on
English as Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, the
difficulties faced by EFL learner are lack of motivation,
lack of exposure to the target language and lack of
pronunciation by teacher, and such difficulties can be
overcome by Audio as purpose of communication and
Visual as more exposure.
Students learn when they are motivated and curious about
something. Traditional verbal instructions can be boring
and painful for students. However, use of audio-visual
provides intrinsic motivation to students by peaking their
curiosity and stimulating their interests in the subjects.

Disadvantages
One should have an idea that too much audio-visual
material used at one time can result in boredom. It is
useful only if it is implemented effectively. Considering
that each teaching learning situation varies, so it is
important to know that all concepts may not be learned
effectively through audiovisual. Most of the time the
equipment like projector, speakers and headphone are bit
costly hence some of school cannot afford it. It needs a lot
of time for teacher to prepare lesson to have interactive
classroom session. Also teacher's valuable time may be
lost in gaining familiarity with new equipment. Some
students may feel reluctant to ask questions while film is
playing and in small rooms can be a physical barrier. In
places where electricity is not available ie. in rural areas,
it is not feasible to use audio-visual aids that requires
electricity.
 Conclusion
It is clear that audio visual aids are important tools for
teaching learning process. It helps the teacher to present
the lesson effectively and students learn and retain the
concepts better and for longer duration. Use of audio
visual aids improves students' critical and analytical
thinking. It helps to remove abstract concepts through
visual presentation. However, improper and unplanned
use of these aids can have negative effect on the learning
outcome. Therefore, teachers should be well trained
through in-service training to maximize the benefits of
using these aids. The curriculum should be designed such
that there are options to activity based learning through
audio-visual aids. In addition, government should fund
resources to purchase audio-visual aids in schools.

Bibliography
1. ^ Aggarwal, JC (2009). Principles, Methods &
Techniques Of Teaching. India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt
Ltd, India.
2. ^ Akram, S.; Sufiana; Malik, K. (2012). ") Use of audio
visual aids for effective teaching of biology at secondary
schools level". Education Leadership. 50: 10597–10605.
3. ^ DeBernardes, A; Olsen, EG (1948). ") Audio-visual and
community materials – some recent publications". Education
Leadership: 256–266.
4. ^ Ode, Elijah Ojowu (2014). "Impact of audio-visual
(AVs) Resource on teaching and Learning some selected
private secondary schools in Makurdi". International
Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature.
5. ^ DeBernardes, A; Olsen, EG (1948). ") Audio-visual and
community materials – some recent publications". Education
Leadership: 256–266.